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1.
Lucy P. Jordan Geoffrey DeVerteuil Jens Kandt David Manley Qiaobing Wu 《Urban geography》2017,38(10):1459-1478
Global cities are marked by precarity, yet little attention has been paid to the spatial overlap between work precarity among migrants and third sector organizations that sustain them. In this paper, we estimate the location of precarious work migrants in two global cities, London and Hong Kong, for both the 2001 and 2011 censuses, using a variety of spatial demographic and quantitative techniques, and then analyze the spatial overlap between this population and immigrant-serving third sector organizations. The results suggest both similarity, in particular between accommodation and work precarity, and difference, with an increasingly tenuous overlap in London by 2011. 相似文献
2.
M. Anne Visser Nik Theodore Edwin J. Melendez Abel Valenzuela Jr. 《Urban geography》2017,38(2):243-265
Day labor worker centers have emerged as an important mode of regulatory action in the informal economy of major US cities. Research suggests that these organizations are beneficial in improving employment outcomes experienced by migrant workers engaged in this labor market sector. Yet, the extent to which these organizations impact the social integration of this working population remains relatively undeveloped in the literature. Using data from the National Day Labor Survey, we examine the impact of day labor worker centers on the level of social inclusion experienced by migrant day laborers. We find that worker centers have a modest, but statistically significant, impact on the levels of social integration experienced by this working population and that this varies from city to city. Ultimately we argue that the social intermediary role of these organizations may offer a type of counter mobilization necessary to promote the socioeconomic integration of this working population, but that issues of capacity remain. 相似文献
3.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(3):133-143
Despite being promoted as a fresh start, new innovation programmes tend to inherit structures and procedures from previous initiative. The authors examine the regional implementation of the Norwegian VRI programme (Programme for Regional R&D and Innovation). Using insights from evolutionary theory, they elaborate on the coexistence of continuity and change in programme practice. Characteristics of previous programmes that have been followed in the new VRI programme are outlined, and new elements and procedures that have been introduced are tracked. The authors find that the new programme does not mark a radical break with the past, and clearly shows path-dependent evolution. Based on the assumption that ‘history matters’, the article contributes towards a more nuanced understanding of the various dimensions of path dependency. 相似文献
4.
基于产业空间聚集分布情况探寻城市结构特征,是当前大都市区实证研究中的聚焦点所在,但由于方法论的限制而无法真正揭示产业地理集聚之间的内在关联性。基于已有研究基础,试图通过完善潜力模型、设置距离参数、结合主成分分析法实现对产业地理集聚测度方法论的完善与发展,并选取极具代表性大都市区核心城市——沈阳市为样本单元,以2008年的经济普查部门企业数据开展实证检验。结果表明：沈阳市部门企业之间除了交通运输、仓储和邮政中心产业属于地方化经济外,其余的均为企业关联;水利、环境和公共设施管理业产业依附于制造业呈临街抑或隔街集聚,而与公共管理和组织产业之间同街道集聚;支配主角之间,存在中心CBD主宰制造业的布局,而制造业又在很大程度上影响着交通运输、仓储和邮政中心的布局;企业地理集聚形成的城市结构依然是一个明显的“单中心圈层”结构,没有表现出“去中心化”抑或多极化或分散化演变趋势。研究成果与现实情况基本吻合,侧面说明该模式对揭示城市产业地理集聚模式以及由此形成的城市结构特征具有一定的解释力。 相似文献
5.
H. Jacob Carlson 《Urban geography》2018,39(5):726-745
Bangalore is held up as a model for how cities, particularly in the global south, should develop in the globalized information age, in which entrepreneurs with new access to international capital fuel service-sector-driven development. Expanding market forces cultivate cities of skilled middle-class workers whose increased consumption generates broad developmental benefits. Now known as the “Silicon Valley of India,” Bangalore was previously the capital of India’s public sector enterprises (PSEs), which laid important groundwork for the city of today, including the IT sector. I show how, by providing access to homeownership along with high wages and benefits tied to secure employment, Bangalore’s PSEs created the foundation for the city today and its middle-class character. The skilled workforce that PSEs created helped the IT sector emerge in the city. By examining this erased history, we see the role of the state in development projects, and consider alternative models for urban change. 相似文献
6.
《Urban geography》2013,34(2):128-149
This paper examines the impact of the 1978 economic reforms on the socialist nature of the Chinese city, using Guangzhou, one of the most open cities in China, as a case study. Despite a reorientation of Guangzhou's role as a trade center and port, labor is still predominantly engaged in the secondary sector with a strong emphasis on heavy industry. Tertiary activities have only recently attained an equivalent level of importance during the early Communist period and exhibit a noticeable dearth of the more advanced forms of tertiary activities, such as finance, insurance, and real estate. The spatial structure of the city of Guangzhou has developed according to a State-approved Master Plan with socialist influences and has evolved into three interdependent linear clusters separated by agricultural land and linked by west-east-running highways and railroads. Residential differentiation is based on occupation types which are related to the land use in the city. The city planners continue to practice the socialist method of planning, including standardization, city-size control, and application of the neighborhood unit concept. The economic system of the city is still firmly based on public (state sector) production. Guangzhou exhibits the characteristics of a city in transition from a planned system to a market-oriented economy and highlights the political-ideological conflicts of urban development in post-reform China. 相似文献
7.
基于自组织映射神经网络模型的区域经济评价--以延安市为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
县域经济评价分类是区域经济发展研究中的重要课题。针对县域经济评价分类与其影响因素之间复杂的非线性关系,文章提出应用自组织映射神经网络模型来评价县域经济发展实力。以延安市为例,建立了实用的县域经济评价指标体系,应用建立的自组织映射神经网络模型进行了评价分类。针对分类结果,提出了延安市各县区县域经济协调发展的对策。 相似文献
8.
Unlike many Western countries, the Chinese state has a much more active role in innovation that includes direct involvement with actors in innovation processes and the use of state capacity, money, and power to attain certain goals. With the rise of China, innovation processes that critically depend on state action, often labeled state‐led innovation, have thus received growing scholarly attention. However, only few contributions study the specific sector of new energy vehicles (NEV) and policy measures applied at the city level. This paper examines policy and planning tools used in Shenzhen, China, to assert innovation in the NEV industry, using an evaluation of documents and interviews. The paper finds that a city can play a decisive role in the implementation of innovation policy, and Chinese cities in particular make use of a broad set of innovation support measures ranging from binding quotas, public procurement, and incentives to bans and orders. The findings underline the importance of strong regulatory instruments that do not conform to the Western notion of market‐compliant policy, but nevertheless work effectively in the Chinese context. Moreover, the results highlight how successful policy support for innovation in the NEV can be implemented. 相似文献
9.
《Urban geography》2013,34(2):152-173
The current global housing policy, the enabling approach, emphasizes the need for governments to encourage community participation in the shelter sector. This research examines the role of the government and community-based organizations (CBOs) in the housing sector and analyzes how they interact. To determine whether governments and CBOs are participating in the shelter sector as advocated under the approach, this study examines the role of two CBOs engaged in upgrading shelter for the poor in Santo Domingo, the Dominican Republic. This research demonstrates that the enabling approach can be effective if the government is supportive and CBOs are engaged in the planning, decision-making, and implementation of the housing project. This study finds that cooperation between the implementing NGO, CBOs, and households is crucial for the success of the housing project. The study also demonstrates how the enabling policies employed in Santo Domingo, including low-cost labor and use of low-cost building materials, help overcome obstacles encountered under previous housing policies such as displacement and affordability issues. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT. Pressured by structural adjustment loan conditions, Côte d'Ivoire reduced state support for rice production and processing during the 1990s. In this article we examine how various actors in the rice commodity chain adapted to the macroeconomic reforms. Following a brief history of the rice sector, we present the results of fieldwork based on interviews conducted in 2002 of farmers, millers, traders, and workers in the state extension service and nongovernmental organizations. We found that, in the absence of state supports for farmers, private millers became the focal point of regional producer‐processor rice networks. The four networks identified became the sole source of domestic commercial rice when the state removed subsidies for fertilizer and modern seeds, privatized extension, and liberalized prices and imports. To increase their role in the national rice supply, the rice networks may need support through microlending and a focus on niche markets. 相似文献
11.
Medicinal plant cultivation and gathering can play a vital role in the course of livelihood diversification for the marginalized population living in remote areas. However, this requires an integration of the respective production networks that allows the producers a fair and reliable income and does not endanger rare plant species. This paper analyses the situation within the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and identifies structures and entities hindering medical plant cultivation and its potentials. Based on the broad network understanding of the Global Production Network approach, the case study focuses on the middlemen and their hidden embeddedness. It shows how governmental organizations and in particular non‐governmental organizations and farmers' institutions can help to overcome clandestine structures of illegal trade and contribute towards a redesign of the medicinal plant network in a more equitable and transparent way. 相似文献
12.
塔里木盆地西缘绿洲城市组群空间整合分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以塔里木盆地西缘绿洲城市为例,通过因子分析、引力模型以及区位熵等方法对城市等级体系、城市经济联系强度、经济隶属度以及城市职能结构进行分析,得出结论:研究区内形成了以喀什市为中心,以阿图什市、莎车、巴楚为次中心的城市等级体系;中心城市喀什市与各县市经济联系广泛,"喀什市--疏附--疏勒"之间经济联系密切,区域内各城市对喀什市的经济隶属度最高;除喀什市和阿图什市城市职能较为综合外,其他城市职能单一.在此基础上分析城市组群的空间形态,提出喀什市、疏附、疏勒三者应整合为一个强核心的发展战略,构建了以喀什市为中心,南疆铁路沿线城镇带和沿315国道城镇带为"两带",两条沿边城镇带与沿214省道城镇带为三轴的"点--轴"发展战略;以"核心圈、紧密圈、辐射圈"为带动的圈层结构战略;将城市组群划分为北部喀什城镇组团、南部莎车城镇组团、东部巴楚城镇组团和西南塔什库尔干边境城镇组团四个内部组团的发展战略.文章最后指出了在我国城市空间整合发展的局限性和有待于进一步研究的问题. 相似文献
13.
14.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(8):472-482
Abstract The traditional Hausa city of Maradi, located in the south-central borderlands of Niger, rose to prominence during the 19th Century as a center of Hausa opposition to the Fulani-controlled Hausa state of Katsina. The intrusion of French influence during the 20th Century brought about a change in the situation and function of Maradi by creating a market and making it a node of transportation networks within the developing colonial economy. Following a major flood in 1945, the French relocated the city on higher ground and changed not only the site but the form and internal structure of the city. European urban planning with symmetrical street patterns and designated functional areas were imposed upon the Hausa landscape although traditional Hausa architecture was retained in the residential area. Today Maradi is the third largest city in Niger and has established its primacy within the south-central borderlands by the role and function it plays within the development of Niger. The city is an important market center with an extensive tributary area; it functions as a node for importing and exporting, a vital role for landlocked Niger, and it is centrally located within the economic core of Niger. 相似文献
15.
Closing down bars in the inner city centre: Informal urban planning,civil insecurity and subjectivity in Bolivia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Helene Risør 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(3):330-342
The paper presents an ethnographic analysis of a group of secondary school students' protests against (illegal) bars in the city centre of El Alto, Bolivia. It shows how informal and formal practices are entangled through the state's dependence on the (illegal) actions of the citizenry in order to ensure civil security. The paper suggests that urban intervention is coproduced by state and nonstate actors at the margins of the state and that urban transformation entails subject formation, in this case that of political youth. Following Hansen and Verkaaik's (2009) argument that the city is essentially multilayered and unknowable, I argue that urban life, as well as state‐citizen relations, is indeterminate, and that it is due to this indeterminacy that the students succeeded in transforming a common association between Alteño youth, alcohol consumption and potential criminal conduct into an alternative notion of youth as responsible citizens of the New Bolivia. This conceptualization permits us to understand the urban sphere as a space not only of conflict but also of endurance and hope, and hence as a zone that allows for the imaginative production of the otherwise (Povinelli, 2011). 相似文献
16.
Høgni Kalsø Hansen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):156-168
This paper analyses the relationships between employment growth, human capital and regional development. To understand the spatial development of employment growth, we distinguish between the public and the private sector. The public sector has a major role in Denmark in the form of a large share of total employment and employment growth across space. We examine in particular the uneven geography of human capital and the relationships between the growth of human capital and total employment growth by Danish municipalities. It is moreover analysed, whether there is a concentration of human capital in the largest city-regions, and how such concentrations contribute to the uneven geography of employment growth. The paper concludes that both the public and private sectors are important regarding employment growth in Danish municipalities. Further, public and private human capital contributes to employment growth, and the public sector contributes, over time, to diminishing the uneven spatial distribution of human capital while the private sector increases the spatial inequality. Moreover, urbanisation has a significant effect on employment growth and human capital formation, both when it comes to the large city regions, and, in general, the distance to city centres. 相似文献
17.
Betsy Donald 《The Professional geographer》2002,54(2):190-203
This article presents an analysis of the relationship between urban governance restructuring, and global, national, and local action through a case study of the Toronto city‐region. The Toronto city‐region recently underwent a massive reorganization of its governance structures, functions, and jurisdictional boundaries. This restructuring raises questions about why these changes occurred at this particular juncture in the region's history. Why did the city that had always been known in the academic and political discourse as the “city that works” stop “working”? What global and national forces might have accounted for such a radical restructuring? And what did local action contribute? These questions are explored in both historical and contemporary contexts by drawing on insights from regulation theory, urban regime theory, and an analysis of Canada's changing fiscal federalism. This approach informs the role that institutions — regardless of their origin or territorial scope — play in sustaining a local accumulation system, and how this “local” accumulation grounds a national regulatory mode and regime of accumulation. The approach also explores the relationship between regime and regulation theories in the context of policy formation and institution building. The study concludes that the current policy set is incapable of resolving the region's crisis tendencies. Notwithstanding external forces, the current policy set is not inevitable. Globalization does not predetermine all spatial‐economic outcomes. 相似文献
18.
《Urban geography》2013,34(5):682-711
Access to parks and recreational opportunities contributes to physical activity and positive health outcomes. But who is responsible for building the healthy city, particularly where resources are limited? While neoliberal state restructuring and fiscal austerity measures have increased the responsibility of nonprofit organizations in local services provision, little is known about their role in promoting healthy urban environments. This article investigates the role of nonprofits in supporting parks and physical activity in Southern California and analyzes the relationships between levels of voluntary-sector activity and the socio-demographic, economic, and fiscal characteristics of municipalities. Results indicate that nonprofits are unevenly distributed and more active in affluent, fiscally stronger, suburban, conservative, and white municipalities, reproducing intra-urban differences underlying health disparities. 相似文献
19.
吉林省中部地区中心地空间关系分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用分形理论中的回旋半径法分别对吉林省中部地区4 个级别的中心地进行分维测算和分析, 得到不同级别中心地的不同结构特征:一级中心地长春市功能和地位明确、稳定, 二级中心地等级模糊且功能缺失, 三级中心地结构紧致合理, 四级中心地量大但联系松散。进一步通过空间构图的方式, 以城镇居民点矢量化数据为基础, 构建吉林省中部地区中心地原始空间图景, 通过对原始图景的修补和模型抽象化处理, 得出结构相对完整的中心地六边形网络体系。进而将其与传统中心地模式进行对比分析可以看出, 修补之后的吉林省中部地区中心地属于克里斯塔勒K=3 体系。但是从现实发展来看, 吉林省中部地区形成合理的中心地体系, 需要加快部分三级中心地的发展, 并促其部分升级为二级中心地, 解决区内二级中心地空间缺失问题;同时, 还须解决四级中心地结构松散问题。 相似文献
20.
大城市环城游憩带(ReBAM)研究--以上海市为例 总被引：185，自引：8，他引：185
定义了环城憩带（Recreational Belt Around Metropolis,ReBAM)的概念，并以中国最大城市上海为案例，对影响ReBAM的形成的基本要素，土地利用特征和空间结构进行了研究。研究发现，旅游成本与土地租铁相互作用是决定ReBAM区位的主要力量，而游憩需求，投资偏好和政策导向是影响ReBAM的形成与发展的主要因素，ReBAM的土地利用特征根据游客进入成本的不同可以区分为高，中，低3种不同等级；ReBAM的空间特征可由可达性，等游线和活动密度等指标来描述。 相似文献