共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
工程区域地质条件是影响地下洞室群稳定的重要因素,而通用数值分析软件在建立复杂地质模型时存在建模时间长、准确度低、不能真实反映复杂地质特征等困难。针对此问题,采用以非均匀有理B样条（NURBS)为主的混合数据结构,对复杂区域地质构造进行了三维建模,建立了西南某水电站大型地下洞室群的三维地质模型。并以此模型为基础,建立了包括空间曲面断层、地层等复杂地质因素的数值模型,结合ABAQUS的隐式和显式分析,对洞室开挖和地震作用下的动力时程响应进行了仿真分析。分析结果表明,该方法不仅较大程度地反映了实际地质情况,而且有利于数值仿真分析的网格剖分与计算,从而为分析地下洞室群地震反应提供了三维数值模型,为地震作用下洞室的安全性评价提供了重要的技术支持。 相似文献
2.
Corner-point gridding is widely used in reservoir and basin modeling but generally yields approximations in the representation of geological interfaces. This paper introduces an indirect method to generate a hex-dominant mesh conformal to 3D geological surfaces and well paths suitable for finite-element and control-volume finite-element simulations. By indirect, we mean that the method first generates an unstructured tetrahedral mesh whose tetrahedra are then merged into primitives (hexahedra, prisms, and pyramids). More specifically, we focus on determining the optimal set of primitives that can be recombined from a given tetrahedral mesh. First, we detect in the tetrahedral mesh all the feasible volumetric primitives using a pattern-matching algorithm (Meshkat and Talmor Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 49(1-2), 17–30 2000) that we re-visit and extend with configurations that account for degenerated tetrahedra (slivers). Then, we observe that selecting the optimal set of primitives among the feasible ones can be formalized as a maximum weighted independent set problem (Bomze et al. 1999), known to be \(\mathcal {N}\mathcal {P}\)-Complete. We propose several heuristic optimizations to find a reasonable set of primitives in a practical time. All the tetrahedra of each selected primitive are then merged to build the final unstructured hex-dominant mesh. This method is demonstrated on 3D geological models including a faulted and folded model and a discrete fracture network. 相似文献
3.
在三维地质建模过程中,通过引入一定数量的虚拟钻孔,对地层分界面几何形态更加精确的控制,不仅能够明显改善地质分界面网格的质量,而且能够提高模型精度和可视化效果。现有虚拟钻孔的引入途径主要通过手工添加实现,受人为主观因素影响较大,且自动化水平低,耗时、费力,针对这一问题,提出了一种基于GIS空间分析的虚拟钻孔确定与实现方法。以地质勘查获取的钻孔数据和地质剖面图为数据源,在ArcGIS平台的支持下,综合运用自动矢量化（Arc Scan）、要素转点（Feature To Point）、创建TIN （Create Tin）、TIN转三角形（Tinto Triangle）、泰森多边形（Create Thiessen Polygons）和相交（Intersect）等空间分析和文件转换工具,分别生成断层构造和建模区域内的二维（2D）虚拟钻孔点;而后,在利用插值工具生成各地层栅格表面的基础上,结合图形插值（Interpolate Shape）工具将2D虚拟钻孔点投影为三维（3D）虚拟钻孔;然后,利用Model Builder可视化建模工具设计了生成虚拟钻孔的模型,实现虚拟钻孔创建的自动化;最后,将获得的3D虚拟钻孔应用于三维地质建模,并进行了建模对比实验,结果表明,该方法具有一定有效性、实用性和可操作性。 相似文献
4.
FLAC3D平台下前处理阶段复杂地质体三维数值计算模型的建立一直是岩土工程数值模拟工作者面临的难题,而三维激光扫描技术在获取复杂物体的精细空间数据的方面具有独特的优势。因此,本文提出以逆向工程为过渡平台实现复杂三维地质体FLAC3D数值模型的构建。利用三维激光扫描技术精细几何数据的获取功能,对复杂三维地质体空间形状几何信息进行提取;利用Geomagic Studio良好的点云数据处理及曲面建模功能,准确地重构了复杂地质体的CAD曲面模型;利用Hypermesh强大的几何处理能力及网格划分能力,将复杂地质体的CAD曲面模型进行实体化和网格化;最后由FLAC3D软件内嵌的Fish语言编制的文件转换为FLAC3D能够识别的文件格式,从而实现了该软件前处理过程中复杂三维地质模型的高效、精准的建立。结合工程实例,对该方法的可行性与仿真效果进行了检验。结果表明该方法具有方便、快捷、合理且实用性强的优点。 相似文献
5.
由于地质体和矿体的形态非常复杂，使用长方体网格离散建立正演模型时可能和真实情况有很大差别，因此计算结果可靠性差。本文提出一种基于约束Delaunay网格剖分的方法对地质体进行离散并进行重力建模，在模型边界等复杂区域使用网格自适应加密技术，将三维地质体离散为有限个四面体；并详细推导出针对四面体网格的重力正演公式，实现了基于约束Delaunay网格剖分技术的三维重力数值模拟；最后，针对一个合成数据模型，将计算解与解析解对比。结果表明，细化网格的模拟结果比粗糙网格更好，满足数值模拟的精度要求。将该方法应用到金川矿区实际地质体建模中，根据局部需要，建立各处网格密度不均匀的三维模型，并计算该模型的地表重力场，而后对比模拟数据与实测数据，结果表明Delaunay网格建模方法具有很强的适用性，能够模拟复杂的地质体重力异常。 相似文献
6.
The physical properties of clay allow argillaceous formations to be considered geological barriers to radionuclide migration in high-level radioactive-waste isolation systems. As laboratory simulations are short term and numerical models always involve assumptions and simplifications of the natural system, natural analogues are extremely attractive surrogates for the study of long-term isolation. The clays of the Orciatico area (Tuscany, Central Italy), which were thermally altered via the intrusion of an alkali-trachyte laccolith, represent an interesting natural model of a heat source which acted on argillaceous materials. The study of this natural analogue was performed through detailed geoelectrical and soil–gas surveys to define both the geometry of the intrusive body and the gas permeability of a clay unit characterized by different degrees of thermal alteration. The results of this study show that gas permeability is increased in the clay sequences subjected to greater heat input from the emplacement of the Orciatico intrusion, despite the lack of apparent mineral and geotechnical variations. These results, which take into consideration long time periods in a natural, large-scale geological system, may have important implications for the long-term safety of underground storage of nuclear waste in clay formations. 相似文献
7.
为实现地质剖面图中复杂断层的自动生成,通过分析断层数据类型,实现断层数据规范化处理;分析断层自身的基本要素(断点、断距、性质、走向、倾向、与地层的切割、错动关系等),提出采用“复原法”构建单一断层模型的方法;依据复杂断层的空间拓扑关系及其重要性,划分断层级别,理顺断层之间、断层与地层之间的关系,探索出地质剖面图中复杂断层的自动生成方法。通过开滦某煤矿的地质数据验证了该方法的有效性。该方法可依据用户需要,生成任意方向的地质剖面数据,为基于剖面的三维建模提供了充足的原始建模数据。 相似文献
8.
3D geological models are created to integrate a set of input measurements into a single geological model. There are many problems with this approach, as there is uncertainty in all stages of the modelling process, from initial data collection to the approach used in the modelling scheme itself to calculate the geological model. This study looks at the uncertainty inherent in geological models due to data density and introduces a novel method to upscale geological data that optimises the information in the initial dataset. This method also provides the ability for the dominant trend of a geological dataset to be determined at different scales. By using self-organizing maps (SOM's) to examine the different metrics used to quantify a geological model, we allow for a larger range of metrics to be used compared to traditional statistical methods, due to the SOM's ability to deal with incomplete datasets. The classification of the models into clusters based on the geological metrics using k-means clustering provides a useful insight into the models that are most similar and models that are statistical outliers. Our approach is guided and can be calculated on any input dataset of this type to determine the effect that data density will have on a resultant model. These models are all statistical derivations that represent simplifications and different scales of the initial dataset and can be used to interrogate the scale of observations. 相似文献
9.
Mansour S. Alhumimidi Mohammed S. Alfarhan Jarvis R. Cline Carlos L. V. Aiken 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(5):112
Three dimensional (3D) photorealistic models of geological outcrops have the potential to enhance the teaching of earth sciences by providing scale models in a virtual reality environment. These models can be run on low-cost desktop computers. Photorealistic models for geological outcrops are a digital illustration of outcrop photographs with either a point cloud representation or Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) mesh of the outcrop surface. The level of detail for these models is dependent on the target resolutions (physical and optical) that were used during data acquisition. In addition, the technique in which the data is rendered as a digital model affects the level of detail that can be observed by the geologists. A colored point cloud representation is suitable for large-scale features, but fine details are lost when the geologist zooms in to view the model close up. In contrast, a photorealistic model that is constructed from photographs draped onto a triangle mesh surface derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds provides a level of detail that is restricted only by the resolution of the photographs. 相似文献
10.
三维地层模型的精度直接影响其应用价值,利用多元数据耦合建模是提高模型精度的重要策略。在分析影响三维地层模型精度因素的基础上,以钻井数据和地质平面数据耦合建模为例,研究了在构建地层界面时两类数据之间偏差的自动检测及修正方法,该方法主要应用了GIS空间探索性分析技术及钻井影响域技术,其基本的思路为：提取一地层面的钻井数据和地质平面数据,合并后建立Voronoi图;利用分配给Voronoi图中每一单元的熵值或聚类属性,检测钻井数据相对于地质平面数据的偏差情况,提取存在较大偏差的钻井;利用钻井影响域技术对地质平面数据有针对地进行局部修正。测试结果表明,该技术能够实现多元地层建模数据的一致性处理,效率高、结果相对可靠。 相似文献
11.
Buffer zones in bo\th two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) spaces are commonly used in prospectivity mapping. The method completes a modelling that starts with a real example and progresses to the development of a virtual model. This includes the consideration of lithological or structural contacts at depth, which is a theoretical concept based on extrapolation of data collected in the field, rather than an empirical observation of the feature based on physical samples. This contribution documents an improved buffer analysis method for the study of 3D-space that is implicit (rapid), precise (smooth) and based on triangulated characteristics, which can be used to construct influence domains of geological models. As traditional 2D GIS-based mineral potential mapping is gradually becoming limited with time, mineral potential mapping in three dimensions (3D) is increasingly becoming an important tool in finding concealed economic mineralization. This contribution documents an improved methodology of buffer analysis for prospectivity mapping processing mineralized favourable models rather than describing an advance in the geometry of surface rendering of “geological complexity”. Measures used in this buffer analysis include the: (1) voxelization of geological objects (i.e. assigning numerical values of features on a regular cube in 3D-space); (2) revision of the 3D Euclidean distance transform and the calculation of signed distance field; (3) extracting surfaces from the field; and (4) construction of a buffer-surface based on a “discrete smooth interpolation” (DSI) algorithm. Furthermore, this contribution constructs 3D models using a buffer analysis algorithm and prospectivity mapping introduced here, which is based on real data from the Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit in Tibet and Daye Fe deposit in the Hubei Province, China. This contribution also presents a comparison between voxel and irregular triangle models, which illustrate that irregular triangle mesh buffer analysis (ITB) can improve modelling techniques for GIS-based 3D mineral potential mapping. The outcome is an increase in the accuracy of prospectivity mapping. 相似文献
12.
Najla Frih Vincent Martin Jean Elizabeth Roberts Ali Saada 《Computational Geosciences》2012,16(4):1043-1060
We consider a model for fluid flow in a porous medium with a fracture. In this model, the fracture is treated as an interface between subdomains, on which specific equations have to be solved. In this article, we analyze the discrete problem, assuming that the fracture mesh and the subdomain meshes are completely independent, but that the geometry of the fracture is respected. We show that despite this nonconformity, first-order convergence is preserved with the lowest-order Raviart–Thomas(-Nedelec) mixed finite elements. Numerical simulations confirm this result. 相似文献
13.
14.
As depth of mining increases, so the production costs of the aurifereous Witwatersrand deposits are continuously increasing,
with some mines already mining at depths exceeding 3500 m. Health and safety aspects are, simultaneously, gaining in importance.
Therefore, in order to mine deep orebodies in existing mines, as well as to develop new mining ventures safely and efficiently,
novel approaches, including mining strategies, layouts and support systems have to be adopted. Geological features largely
control the deformation mechanisms associated with Witwatersrand orebodies. These features are grouped into two major categories:
primary and secondary features. Both impact on the rockmass behaviour associated with the excavations, and contribute to the
definition of geotechnical areas. Primary geological features are defined by the various rock types, orebody geometry, and
the frequency and mineralogical characteristics of sedimentary structures (e.g. various kinds of bedding planes and lithological
boundaries). The primary features also control rock engineering properties, closure rates, attitude and frequency of mining-induced
stress fracturing, and planes may be reactivated during seismic events. Secondary geological features are faults, dykes and
veins/joints, and associated metamorphism. These cause stability problems and are often associated with seismic events. Compositional
and textural characteristics of these features, and their controls on the rockmass behaviour, are ill-defined. Primary and
secondary geological characteristics also play an important role in identifying the appropriate mining strategy, layout and
support. Geological features can be predicted into deep unmined areas, and therefore contribute to the safest and most efficient
extraction of the orebody. Witwatersrand orebodies are mined in complex geological environments, with the rockmass behaviour
differing from one orebody to the other. This is approached by employing a new methodology that attempts to quantify the problems
encountered when mining the major Witwatersrand orebodies.
Received: 7 June 1996 / Accepted: 7 January 1997 相似文献
15.
A framework was developed to address the automatic optimization of the level of geometric detail required for stress analysis of underground excavations in mining, which was presented in the companion paper. The motivation for optimizing the mesh geometry stems from the over‐discretization of computational domain as the digital mine model is built while our knowledge of some of the input parameters is quite limited. Thus, the accuracy of the solution is not expected to be increased with a finely discretized mesh, only the computation time does. Therefore, it is acceptable if the results obtained from an optimized model have accuracy comparable to the uncertainty in input data (e.g. rock mass properties, geology, etc.). Although the mesh optimization framework automates the geometry optimization and reduces computation time, the accuracy of the solution from the resulting geometry must be evaluated to ensure the quality of the solution at the ‘region of interest’. Both a priori (mesh quality) and a posteriori (solution quality) measures are employed along with recording the mesh optimization time. Finally, the applicability of the mesh optimization framework is demonstrated by analysing a number of mining and civil engineering underground models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
基于空间数据和专家知识驱动的地质编图技术研究与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地质图编制专业性强、工作量大,编图环节繁琐,而人工智能、大数据等新一代信息技术的快速发展,为中国地质图的编图技术发展提供了支撑。在地质大数据环境下,提出基于地质知识驱动的地质编图技术,通过构建地质编图时空综合模型和地质代号智能识别模型,可以对多图幅的沉积岩、侵入岩、火山岩、变质岩、构造等地质要素进行人机交互式、自动化、智能化地图元综合、断层简化、线形圆滑、图幅接边等。近年来,基于该技术在青海东部地区、河南洛阳、郑州地区及京津冀多地区开展的编图实践表明,该编图技术能够显著提高地质编图工作效率,具有实际应用意义。 相似文献
17.
Many field problems, from stress analysis, heat transfer to contaminant transport, deal with disturbances in a continuum caused by a ‘source’ (defined by its discrete geometry) and a ‘region of interest’ (where a solution is sought). Depending on the location of ‘regions of interest’ in relation to the ‘sources’, the level of geometric detail necessary to represent the ‘sources’ in a model can vary considerably. A practical application of stress analysis in mining is the evaluation of the effects of continuous excavation on the states of stress around mine openings. Labour intensive model preparation and lengthy computation coupled with the interpretation of analysis results can have considerable impact on the successful operation of an underground mine, where stope failures can cost tens of millions of dollars and possibly lead to closure of the mine. A framework is proposed based on continuum mechanics principles to automatically optimize the level of geometric detail required for an analysis by simplifying the model geometry using expanded and modified algorithms that originated in computer graphics. This reduction in model size directly translates to savings in computational time. The results obtained from an optimized model have accuracy comparable to the uncertainty in input data (e.g. rock mass properties, geology, etc.). This first paper defines the optimization framework, while a companion paper investigates its efficiency and application to practical mining and excavation‐related problems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
岩体结构面优势分组是研究岩体力学性质与水力特性的基础,通常的分析方法是只根据产状进行划分。鉴于结构面其他特征对岩体力学性质的重要影响,考虑结构面倾向、倾角、迹长、张开度、表面形态5个特征参数,提出了基于人工蜂群算法的岩体结构面多参数优势分组方法。以样本总体离差平方和为目标函数,建立岩体结构面多参数优势分组的数学模型,应用人工蜂群优化算法求解,以目标函数值最小时的解作为聚类中心,并自动确定分组边界。对人工生成的结构面数据的计算结果验证了该方法的正确性,该方法的求解精度是令人满意的。最后,将该方法应用于怒江松塔水电站坝址区岩体结构面多参数优势组的划分,得到了较为合理的分组结果,进一步验证了此方法具有较高的运行效率与工程实用性。 相似文献
19.
Teacher''s Aide Variogram Interpretation and Modeling 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
The variogram is a critical input to geostatistical studies: (1) it is a tool to investigate and quantify the spatial variability of the phenomenon under study, and (2) most geostatistical estimation or simulation algorithms require an analytical variogram model, which they will reproduce with statistical fluctuations. In the construction of numerical models, the variogram reflects some of our understanding of the geometry and continuity of the variable, and can have a very important impact on predictions from such numerical models. The principles of variogram modeling are developed and illustrated with a number of practical examples. A three-dimensional interpretation of the variogram is necessary to fully describe geologic continuity. Directional continuity must be described simultaneously to be consistent with principles of geological deposition and for a legitimate measure of spatial variability for geostatistical modeling algorithms. Interpretation principles are discussed in detail. Variograms are modeled with particular functions for reasons of mathematical consistency. Used correctly, such variogram models account for the experimental data, geological interpretation, and analogue information. The steps in this essential data integration exercise are described in detail through the introduction of a rigorous methodology. 相似文献
20.
陆相断陷盆地三角洲相构形要素及其储层地质模型 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
通过对我国东部断陷盆地现代和古代三角洲沉积体系的研究，系统地分析了三角洲的岩相及砂体的几何形态与成因，进而提出了陆相三角洲沉积的主要构形要素。由于构形要素分析是建立储层地质模型的关键内容，因此，笔者在所建立的储层地质模型上，分析了其结构类型特点及建立储层地质模型的真实内涵。 相似文献