共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
N. A. Zolotukhina 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2006,46(6):688-700
Disturbances in the solar wind density, geomagnetic field, and magnetospheric plasma density and fluxes are analyzed. The disturbances have the same sign and are close to each other in time. They accompany the process of amplitude modulation of Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations during the recovery phase of the moderate magnetic storm of April 10–11, 1997. The magnetospheric disturbances were recorded by ground-based observatories and on spacecraft in all local time sectors with insignificant time delays. It is concluded that in this case variations in the geomagnetic field and magnetospheric plasma density are primary, whereas the amplitude modulation of Pc1, 2 is a secondary manifestation of fast magnetosonic (FMS) waves that are generated during the interaction between the magnetosphere and solar wind density irregularities. 相似文献
2.
采用GOES9卫星观测的能量大于2MeV和大于4MeV电子通量和行星际飞船ACE太阳风参数的高时间分辨率资料,以及磁暴指数Dst资料,分析了1998年4-5月期间地球同步轨道电子通量增强事件的时间和能量响应特征及其与行星际太阳风参数、磁暴和亚暴等扰动条件的对应关系.结果表明,地球同步轨道相对论性（MeV）电子通量增强事件有明显的周日变化,中午极大和午夜极小.4月22日和5月5日开始的两次大事件中,能量大于2MeV电子通量中午极大值上升到最大值的时间尺度分别约为4天和1天,中午极大值高于背景水平的持续时间分别为13天（4月22日-5月4日）和16天（5月4日-20日）以上.每次MeV电子通量增强事件的能量范围不完全相同.两次大事件的上升段都对应于磁暴的恢复相,与太阳风动压脉冲、高速流脉冲和负Bz分量关系密切. 相似文献
3.
4.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The paper studies high-latitude geomagnetic activity with respect to the structural elements of “fast” solar wind magnetic clouds accompanied by shockwaves.... 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(14):1707-1722
We examine the geomagnetic field and space plasma disturbances developing simultaneously in the solar wind, in the inner and outer magnetosphere, and on the ground from 0730 to 2030 UT on April 11, 1997 during the recovery phase of a moderate magnetic storm. The fluctuations of the solar wind density, H-component of the geomagnetic field, and power of Pc1–2 (0.1–5 Hz) waves at middle and low latitudes evolve nearly simultaneously. These fluctuations also match very well with variations of density and flux of the magnetospheric plasma at the geosynchronous orbit, and of the geomagnetic field at the geosynchronous orbit and northern polar cap. The time delay between the occurrence of disturbances in different magnetosphere regions matches the time of fast mode propagation. These disturbances are accompanied by the generation of Pc1–2 waves at mid- and high-latitude observatories in nearly the same frequency range. A scenario of the evolution of wave phenomena in different magnetospheric domains is proposed. 相似文献
6.
Magnetohydrodynamic compressive fluctuations of the interplanetary plasma in the region from 0.3 to 1 AU have been characterized in terms of their polytropic index. Following Chandrasekhar’s approach to polytropic fluids, this index has been determined through a fit of the observed variations of density and temperature. At least three different classes of fluctuations have been identified: (1) variations at constant thermal pressure, in low-speed solar wind and without a significant dependence on distance, (2) adiabatic variations, mainly close to 1 AU and without a relevant dependence on wind speed, and (3) variations at nearly constant density, in fast wind close to 0.3 AU. Variations at constant thermal pressure are probably a subset of the ensemble of total-pressure balanced structures, corresponding to cases in which the magnetic field magnitude does not vary appreciably throughout the structure. In this case the pressure equilibrium has to be assured by its thermal component only. The variations may be related to small flow-tubes with approximately the same magnetic-field intensity, convected by the wind in conditions of pressure equilibrium. This feature is mainly observed in low-velocity solar wind, in agreement with the magnetic topology (small open flow-tubes emerging through an ensemble of closed structures) expected for the source region of slow wind. Variations of adiabatic type may be related to magnetosonic waves excited by pressure imbalances between contiguous flow-tubes. Such imbalances are probably built up by interactions between wind flows with different speeds in the spiral geometry induced by the solar rotation. This may account for the fact that they are mainly found at a large distance from the sun. Temperature variations at almost constant density are mostly found in fast flows close to the sun. These are the solar wind regions with the best examples of incompressible behaviour. They are characterized by very stable values for particle density and magnetic intensity, and by fluctuations of Alfvénic type. It is likely that temperature fluctuations in these regions are a remnant of thermal features in the low solar atmosphere. In conclusion, the polytropic index appears to be a useful tool to understand the nature of the compressive turbulence in the interplanetary plasma, as far as the frozen-in magnetic field does not play a crucial role. 相似文献
7.
8.
V. I. Abramenko 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2016,56(7):842-847
Results of analysis of multi-scale and turbulent properties of observed photospheric granulation patterns in undisturbed solar photosphere are presented. Data were obtained with the New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar observatory. Different types of magnetic environment were explored: a coronal hole (CH) area, a quiet sun (QS) intranetwork area, a QS/network area, and an area with small pores. The property of multifractality was revealed for granulation patterns in all environments on scales below 600 km. The degree of multifractality tends to be stronger as the magnetic environment becomes weaker. Analysis of turbulent diffusion on scales less than 1000–2000 km revealed the regime of super-diffusivity for all data sets. Super-diffusion becomes stronger from the QS/network to the QS/intranetwork to the CH. Both multifractality and super-diffusivity on very small scales are associated with the fast turbulent dynamo action. The results show that the most favorable conditions for the fast turbulent dynamo are met outside the network, inside vast areas of weakest magnetic fields, which supports the idea of nonlocal, deep turbulent dynamo. 相似文献
9.
Two time scales are distinguished in the geomagnetotail dynamics. The small scale (T 1) corresponds to disturbances propagating in the tail lobes, which have a relatively strong magnetic field and low plasma density. The larger scale (T 2) corresponds to plasma motions in the plasma sheet and has a relatively weak magnetic field and a relatively higher density. A disturbance, which is initiated by a localized burst of magnetic reconnection and appears in the geomagnetotail on the time scale T 1, generates the upset of equilibrium in the plasma sheet zones with intermediate spatial dimensions (about R E). The theoretical considerations and numerical simulation indicate that the relaxation process, which subsequently proceeds on the larger time scale (T 2), results in the appearance of extremely thin embedded current sheets and in the generation of fast plasma flows. This process gives an effective mechanism by which the magnetic energy stored in the geomagnetotail is transformed into the plasma flow kinetic energy. Such fast flows can also generate eddy plasma motions on smaller spatial scales. On the one hand, fast MHD components of this process carry a disturbance in other plasma sheet zones, where new magnetic reconnection bursts can originate at a large distance from the zone of an initial nonlinear disturbance. As a result, new recurrent processes of relaxation originate on the T 2 time scale. Alternation originating in such a way is apparently the characteristic feature of eddy disturbances actually observed in the plasma sheet. 相似文献
10.
J. Borg G.M. Comstock Y. Langevin M. Maurette B. Jouffrey C. Jouret 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1976,29(1):161-174
The theoretical motion of individual dust grains in the lunar regolith is analyzed by using a Monte Carlo statistical code where the variables are the mass and speed distribution of meteorites at the lunar surface and the geometrical shape of impact craters. From these computations the detailed irradiation history of the grains in the ancient solar wind is traced back, over a period of 4 billion years, as a function of the grain size. Then by combining this irradiation scheme with the result of solar wind simulation experiments, the time and depth dependent accumulation of solar wind effects in the theoretical grains (solar wind maturation) is inferred. Finally, the validity of these predictions is tentatively checked by discussing a variety of physical and chemical solar wind effects which are registered in the surface layers of lunar dust grains. Therefore these studies give a tentative scenario for the “maturation” of the lunar regolith with respect to solar wind effects, but they also reveal useful guidelines to deduce meaningful information from such effects. In particular, they suggest a “lunar skin” sampling technique for extracting dust grains in lunar core tubes which could help in deciphering the past activity of the ancient solar wind over a time scale of several billion years. 相似文献
11.
In situ measurements of the solar wind largely cover more than two solar magnetic activity cycles, namely 20 and 21. This is a very appealing opportunity to study the influence of the activity cycle on the behaviour of the solar wind parameters. As a matter of fact, many authors so far have studied this topic comparing the long-term magnetic field and plasma averages. However, when the average values are evaluated on a data sample whose duration is comparable with (or even longer than) the solar rotation period we lose information about the contribution due to the fast and the slow solar wind components. Thus, discriminating in velocity plays a key role in understanding solar cycle effects on the solar wind. Based on these considerations, we performed a separate analysis for fast and slow wind, respectively. In particular, we found that: (a) fast wind carries a slightly larger momentum flux density at 1 AU, probably due to dynamic stream-stream interaction; (b) proton number density in slow wind is more cycle dependent than in fast wind and decreases remarkably across solar maximum; (c) fast wind generally carries a magnetic field intensity stronger than that carried by the slow wind; (d) we found no evidence for a positive correlation between velocity and field intensity as predicted by some theories of solar wind acceleration; (e) our results would support an approximately constant divergence of field lines associated with corotating high-velocity streams. 相似文献
12.
Short-lived plasma jets of various scales, from giant X-ray jets more than 300 Mm in extent to numerous small jets with sizes
typical of macrospicules, are the phenomena observed in the solar corona in extreme ultraviolet and X-ray emission. Small
jets are particularly prominent in polar coronal holes. They are close neighbors of tiny bright loops and coincide in time
with their sudden brightening and increase in size. The geometric shape of the jets and their location suggest that they arise
near singular null points of the coronal magnetic field. These points appear in coronal holes due to the emergence of small
bipolar or unipolar magnetic structures within large-scale unipolar cells. Polar jets show a distinct vertical plasma motion
in a coronal hole that introduces significant momentum and mass into the solar wind flow. Investigating the dynamics of polar
jets can elucidate certain details in the problem of fast solar wind acceleration. 相似文献
13.
太阳高能粒子(SEP)事件是一类重要的空间天气灾害性事件,如能准确预报SEP事件,人们便可以采取必要的防护措施,保障卫星、星载设备以及航天员的安全,尽可能地降低经济损失.因此,其数值预报研究在空间天气预报研究中占有很重要的地位.SEP事件中的高能粒子在不同的时间尺度内被耀斑过程或者CME驱动的激波加速,并且在被扰动后的行星际太阳风中传输,这些过程都紧紧依赖于太阳风背景场.因此获取更加接近物理真实的太阳风背景场是模拟SEP事件的重要部分,也是提高SEP物理模式的关键因素之一.我们目前的工作基于张明等发展的SEP在行星际空间传播的模型,尝试将Parker太阳风速度解及WIND飞船观测的磁场实时数据融入模型中,研究不同的太阳风速度以及真实磁场分布对SEP在行星际空间中传播的影响.通过求解聚焦传输方程,我们的模拟结果表明:(1)快太阳风条件下,绝热冷却效应项发挥了更大的作用,使粒子能量衰减的更快,而慢太阳风对粒子的通量变化没有显著影响;(2)加入观测的磁场数据时,粒子的全向通量剖面发生了比较明显的变化,具体表现在:通量峰值推迟到达、出现多峰结构、各向异性也发生一些改变.分析表明真实磁场的极性对粒子在行星际空间中传播有着重要的影响. 相似文献
14.
背景太阳风对于地球附近的空间环境有着重要的影响,三维磁流体力学太阳风模型是背景太阳风研究和预报的重要工具.通过太阳光球磁场数据驱动的边界条件,我们发展了一个时变的行星际三维磁流体力学太阳风模型.使用这个模型,我们模拟了2008年全年的行星际背景太阳风,分析了该年太阳风结构全球特征的演化和行星际局地观测与日冕结构间的联系.实现了一套太阳风连续参数和特征结构模拟质量的定量评估方法.对2008年模拟结果的评估表明,模型较好地重现了背景太阳风的大尺度特征.模拟与观测速度间的相关性系数达到了0.6以上,行星际磁场强度与观测吻合得较好,捕获了全部的行星际磁场极性反转和82.76%的流相互作用区,行星际磁场极性反转的误报率仅为6.67%,流相互作用区的误报率仅为11.11%,两种结构的到达时间误差在1天左右.同时,通过综合分析评估结果,我们明确了高速流结构、内边界磁场分布等模型在进一步改进中需要重点注意的问题. 相似文献
15.
The process of equilibrium disruption in the system with a current sheet (CS) under the conditions of small magnetic field component normal to CS, which is induced by an external disturbance, has been theoretically studied within the scope of MHD. In the geomagnetotail, this disturbance can be caused by a tearing instability developing in the more distant tail section, or by a ballooning instability in the tail nearest section, or by a rapid reconfiguration at the magnetopause during the disturbance passage in the solar wind. Locally, in a limited CS section, a longitudinal momentum balance is rapidly (on the Alfvén time scale) upset when a fast MHD disturbance, the form of which depends on the presence of CS, passes along the tail. The nonequilibrium temperature, which subsequently evolves through splitting of CS into several current structures, originates on a substantially larger (due to the smallness of the normal field component) time scale. Such a reconfiguration SPONTANEOUSLY develops after the initial equilibrium upset under the action of an external (weak) disturbance. During an analysis within the scope of MHD, this reconfiguration can be described as the well-known process with two pairs of nonlinear waves propagating in both directions from the central sheet plane at constant velocities: these are fast rarefaction waves and the following slow “switching-off” shocks. However, the kinetic theory reveals substantially different relaxation channels. These channels are studied in the second and third work sections, where the kinetic numerical simulation of the problem is presented and the results of this simulation are analyzed. 相似文献
16.
Ground-based geomagnetic Pc5 (2–7 mHz) pulsations, caused by the passage of dense transients (density disturbances) in the solar wind, were analyzed. It was shown that intensive bursts can appear in the density of the solar wind and its fluctuations, up to Np ～ 30–50 cm3, even during the most magnetically calm year in the past decades (2009). The analysis, performed using one of the latest methods of discrete mathematical analysis (DMA), is presented. The energy functional of a time-series fragment (called “anomaly rectification” in DMA terms) of two such events was calculated. It was established that fluctuations in the dynamic pressure (density) of the solar wind (SW) cause the global excitation of Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations in the daytime sector of the Earth’s magnetosphere, i.e., from polar to equatorial latitudes. Such pulsations started and ended suddenly and simultaneously at all latitudes. Fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) have turned up to be less geoeffective in exciting geomagnetic pulsations than fluctuations in the SW density. The pulsation generation mechanisms in various structural regions of the magnetosphere were probably different. It was therefore concluded that the most probable source of ground-based pulsations are fluctuations of the corresponding periods in the SW density. 相似文献
17.
文采用球坐标下2.5维理想MHD模型,对日球子午面内方位磁场扰动的传播进行数值模拟,重点分析它对行星际磁场螺旋角的影响. 本文认为,观测到的行星际磁场螺旋角大于Parker模型的预言值,是太阳表面不断向行星际发出同向方位磁场扰动的结果;太阳较差自转在太阳内部产生的方位磁场为这类扰动提供了源头. 模拟结果表明,采用持续时间等于周期的十分之一、扰动幅度为103nT量级的正向方位磁场扰动,就可使1 AU处行星际磁场的螺旋角增加2°左右,与有关观测结果相符. 模拟结果还表明,上述方位磁场扰动对日球子午面内的太阳风特性和磁场位形的影响基本上可以忽略. 相似文献
18.
A. V. Mezentsev 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2013,53(3):307-312
The magnetic field behavior in the magnetosheath, when the IMF and the solar wind velocity are almost collinear, has been analyzed based on the perturbation method. Magnetic disturbances are considered against a background of the stationary MHD solar wind flow around the magnetosphere when the magnetic field and the solar wind velocity are strictly collinear. It has been indicated that the angle between the magnetic field and velocity vectors increases considerably in a relatively thin layer near the magnetopause. The angle rise factor profiles have been determined for different distances from the subsolar point. The thickness of the layer, where the angle reaches values of about unity and more, has been estimated. It is important to take this layer into account when the magnetopause stability with respect to Kelvin-Helmholtz waves is analyzed. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(7):962-972
A new automatic running method for derivation of the quiet daily geomagnetic variation—“quiet day curve” (QDC) is described. The method consists in the automatic distinction of the quietest periods using the geomagnetic variations parameterization, calculation of the proper quiet daily variation for certain days, reconstruction of QDC for each day of the elapsed period and extrapolation of QDC for the subsequent period. The method ensures statistically reliable QDCs during the epoch of the solar activity maximum if the time interval used for derivation of QDC is not less than 30 days. The method of the running QDC calculation implies the uninterrupted calculation of the QDC resulting from the continuous 1-day forward shift of the 30-day interval. The method makes it possible to derive automatically and on-line the quiet daily variation in the polar caps, where northward interplanetary magnetic field can generate large magnetic disturbances during periods of planetary magnetic quiescence. This is the main advantage of the running QDC method over other known methods. It is shown that along with the seasonal (from month to month) and the solar cycle (from year to year) changes, the QDC amplitude is modified on a time scale less then a month following solar activity flashes. 相似文献
20.
The effect of the mutual orientation of the Poynting vector P of the electromagnetic energy density in the solar wind and the vector M of the Earth’s magnetic moment (taking into account its orbital and diurnal motions) on the geomagnetic activity has been
examined for the first time using the measurements of the solar wind parameters on the Earth orbit in 1963–2005. The component
P
m of the vector P along the vector M is shown to have a pronounced annual variation with the extrema in November and May and a diurnal variation with the extrema
at ∼6 and 18 UT. The phases of the variations are shown to be determined only by the geometric parameters and are independent
of the sign of the sector structure of the interplanetary magnetic field. The experimental data on the planetary and high-latitude
geomagnetic activity, which is a response to changes in the orientation of P relative to M, are presented. The power of the sources of the electromagnetic energy of the solar wind during strong geomagnetic disturbances
is also estimated. 相似文献