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复杂应力条件下饱和松砂单调与循环剪切特性的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文利用大连理工大学新引进与开发的“土工静力-动力液压-三轴扭转多功能剪切仪”,针对福建标准砂,在不排水条件下同时进行了单调剪切试验与循环剪切试验,进而对其进行了对比分析。通过比较表明,应力-应变关系的应变软化和硬化特性与流滑变形和循环流动特性密切相关,当循环剪切应力水平高于单调剪切过程中应变软化阶段最小强度时将会发生流滑变形。无论在单调剪切中,还是在循环剪切中,稳定状态时的有效偏应力比随着大主应力方向与竖向之间夹角的增大而减小,在中主应力系数相同的条件下,循环剪切中呈现显著剪胀时的有效偏应力比和最终稳定状态时的有效偏应力比峰值分别与单调剪切中达到相变状态时的有效偏应力比和最终稳定有效偏应力比基本上一致。然而不排水条件下单调与循环剪切过程中孔隙水压力的增长特性却并不相同,循环剪切中的最大孔隙水压力随着初始主应力方向角的增大而减小,单调剪切中的最大孔隙水压力却随着主应力方向角的增大而增大。 相似文献
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循环剪切吸水条件下饱和砂土的应力应变规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实际土工抗震边值问题中,饱和砂土在许多情况下并非处于完全不排水条件,可能由于土性等因素的不同而出现各异的排渗条件。排水条件对土体的动力应力应变响应有较大影响,本文基于新开发的孔隙水注入控制系统,进行了循环剪切条件下饱和砂土吸水试验,研究了剪切吸水对土体动力特性的影响规律。通过试验发现:剪切吸水条件下砂土的抗液化强度较不排水条件下降低,同样的循环剪切条件下轴向应变发展更大;试样的抗液化强度降低和轴向应变增加程度随剪切吸水率的增大而增加。基于对饱和砂土体变规律的已有研究,本文初步解释了剪切吸水条件下饱和砂土应力应变特性规律的物理实质。 相似文献
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主应力轴持续旋转条件下饱和松砂的振动孔隙水压力特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用新研制的“土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭剪多功能剪切仪”,针对福建标准松砂,在三向非均等固结条件下,进行了能够模拟海洋波浪荷载作用下主应力轴连续旋转的循环耦合剪切试验。通过试验着重探讨了初始主应力方向、振动过程中主应力方向连续变化对不排水条件下砂土的振动孔隙水压力增长特性的影响。实验研究表明:在振动过程中主应力轴连续旋转的条件下,初始主应力方向对砂土的动孔压比与振次比之间关系具有显著的影响,随着初始大主应力与竖向之间夹角的增大,动孔压比的增长速度明显加快,具有较好的规律性;归一化孔压比与广义剪应变之间的关系基本上与初始主应力方向角和振动剪应力幅值无关。 相似文献
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复杂应力条件下松砂振动孔隙水压力与体变特性的试验研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用新研制的土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,在5种初始主应力方向角与5种中主应力系数相组合的初始固结条件下,对饱和松砂进行了不排水循环扭剪试验。讨论了初始固结条件对不排水条件下饱和松砂孔隙水压力变化规律及对剪胀、剪缩、卸荷体缩等体积变化过程的影响。试验研究表明：（1）分别以稳定残余孔隙水压力和破坏时循环次数归一化后的残余孔隙水压力比和循环次数比之间的关系可以用双曲线模式表达。其参数主要依赖于初始主应力方向,中主应力系数对参数的影响并不显著。归一化后的孔隙水压力比与广义剪应变之间的关系也可以用双曲线模式表达,其中的2个待定参数依赖于初始主应力方向,与中主应力系数无关;（2）在三向非均等固结条件下的不排水循环扭剪试验中,饱和松砂表现出卸荷体缩特性,不同初始主应力方向时,饱和松砂剪缩、剪胀、卸荷体缩呈现出不同的交替变化模式。 相似文献
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利用“土工静力 动力液压 三轴扭转多功能剪切仪”,针对采用初始成样含水率为0和10%夯击法制备重塑饱和粉土试样,在初始平均主应力为100 kPa,初始中主应力系数为0.5,初始偏应力比为0.433,初始主应力方向角分别为0°、30°、45°的条件下完成非均等固结,然后保持平均主应力和中主应力系数恒定进行不排水循环扭剪实验。着重探讨初始成样含水率和初始主应力方向对粉土动力剪切变形、强度及孔压变化等特性的影响。实验结果表明：初始主应力方向对重塑粉土的变形与强度特性的影响程度有所不同;初始成样含水率对饱和重塑粉土的动力变形及强度特性具有显著影响。 相似文献
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利用“土工静力 动力液压 三轴扭转多功能剪切仪”,针对采用初始成样含水率为0和10%夯击法制备重塑饱和粉土试样,在初始平均主应力为100 kPa,初始中主应力系数为0.5,初始偏应力比为0.433,初始主应力方向角分别为0°、30°、45°的条件下完成非均等固结,然后保持平均主应力和中主应力系数恒定进行不排水循环扭剪实验。着重探讨初始成样含水率和初始主应力方向对粉土动力剪切变形、强度及孔压变化等特性的影响。实验结果表明：初始主应力方向对重塑粉土的变形与强度特性的影响程度有所不同;初始成样含水率对饱和重塑粉土的动力变形及强度特性具有显著影响。 相似文献
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复杂应力条件下饱和松砂孔隙水压力增长特性的试验研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
针对福建标准砂D1=30％,在三向非均等固结条件下,利用新研制的土工静力一动力液压三轴一扭转多功能剪切仪针对多种不同初始主应力变化方式进行了循环扭剪试验,讨论了初始主应力方向变化等初始固结条件对饱和松砂不排水条件下孔隙水压力变化规律的影响,对循环扭剪过程中主应力方向与中主应力系数的变化进行了分析,给出了孔隙水压力随循环次数的变化规律。结果表明：分别以最大孔隙水压力和液化破坏时循环次数归一化后的孔隙水压力比和循环次数比之间的关系依赖于循环剪应力幅值和初始主应力方向。而归一化后的孔隙水压力比与广义剪应变之间的关系和循环剪应力幅值、初始主应力方向无关,可以统一地采用双曲线模式表达,其中的两个待定参数依赖于初始主应力方向。 相似文献
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The acceleration records at some liquefied sand deposits exhibit a distinctive spiky waveform, characterized by strong amplification and high-frequency components. A comprehensive constitutive model was used to analyze the mechanism of such spiky acceleration responses. An idealized single-degree-of-freedom (SDF) system was constructed, in which the force-displacement relation of the spring follows the stress-strain behavior of saturated sand during undrained shearing. The SDF system demonstrated that the spikes are directly related to the strain-hardening behavior of sand during post-liquefaction cyclic shearing. Furthermore, there exists a threshold shear strain length, which is in accordance with the limited amplitude of the fluid-like shear strain generated at instantaneous zero effective stress state during the post-liquefaction stage. The spiky acceleration can only occur when the cyclic shear strain exceeds the threshold shear strain length. It is also revealed that the time intervals between the acceleration spikes increase gradually along with the continuation of shaking because the threshold shear strain length increases gradually and then more time is needed to generate larger shear strain to cause strain hardening. Records at the Kushiro Port site and Port Island site during past earthquakes are simulated through the fully coupled method to validate the presented mechanism. 相似文献
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Chen Guoxing Zhou Enquan Wang Zhihua Wang Binghui Li Xiaojun 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(8):2185-2212
Liquefaction of saturated loose sand is a major cause of extensive damage to buildings and infrastructures during large earthquakes. A better understanding of the behaviour of liquefied soil is becoming increasingly necessary to mitigate earthquake damage, and the fluid method has become an increasingly popular means to study the behaviour of liquefied soils. The purpose of this study is to determine the fluid characteristics of liquefied fine sand. In this paper, the apparent viscosity was measured as an index of fluid characteristics using the shaking table tests of pre-liquefaction behaviour of saturated fine sand at approximately 45 % relative density; the relationship of apparent viscosity and shear strain rate on liquefying fine sand was indicated as a power-law shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid; and liquefying fine sand has the alternating behaviour of shear dilatancy and compressibility during cyclic loading. Additionally, a series of a monotonic axial compression loading tests in an undrained manner were performed to measure the shear stress and excess pore pressure ratio relationship on the post-liquefaction saturated fine sand at approximately 50 % relative density. The fluid characteristics of post-liquefaction fine sand exhibits rate dependence and can be described by a combined fluid model of time-independent and time-dependent power-law functions; the time-independent viscous resistance is not relevant to the excess pore pressure ratio; but the time-dependent frictional resistance is closely related to the excess pore pressure ratio. Furthermore, the results of the verification tests demonstrate that the proposed fluid model has good applicability for the fluid behaviour of the post-liquefaction fine sand. 相似文献
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The mechanical response to cyclic loading of saturated cohesionless soils is usually investigated by means of effective stress method considering pore water pressure changes that lead to reduced strength and stiffness. On the other hand, the behavior of partially saturated sands is different from the behavior of saturated sand deposits. The development of negative pore water pressures in particular makes it difficult to estimate the behavior of partially saturated sands. The response of partially saturated sands, however, can be examined in a physically understandable manner by investigating their energy characteristics independently of pore pressure behavior. To establish a general framework for understanding the behavior of partially saturated sand, a total of 52 resonant column and dynamic torsional shear tests were conducted under undrained conditions. The effects of factors such as the amplitude of shear strain, relative density, saturation ratio and confining pressure on the dynamic characteristics of the sand and on energy dissipation were studied. The use of the energy concept in the evaluation of partially saturated soils is shown to be a promising method for the evaluation of the cyclic behavior of partially saturated sands. 相似文献
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The August 17, 1999 Kocaeli earthquake affected the city of Adapazari, which is located in the northwest of Turkey, with severe liquefaction and bearing capacity failures causing tilting of buildings, excessive settlements and lateral displacements. To understand the stress–strain behavior and pore pressure behavior of undisturbed soils during the earthquake, the cyclic and post-cyclic shear strength tests have been conducted on soil samples obtained from Adapazari in a cyclic triaxial test system within the scope of this research. Cyclic tests have been conducted under stress controlled and undrained conditions. Post-cyclic monotonic tests have been conducted following cyclic tests. The strength curves obtained in the experiments showed that the dynamic resistance of silty sand was found to be 45% lower than those of high plasticity soils (MH). The strength of clayey soils with the plasticity index of PI=15–16% was lower compared to the strength of high plasticity soils. Also, it was observed that silty sand soils had the lowest strength. The dynamic strength of the soils increased with the increase in plasticity. 相似文献
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Critical state soil mechanics is a useful framework to understand sand behavior. In this paper, a relationship is developed for estimating undrained critical shear strength of sands based on the critical state framework. The relationship is validated by comparison with laboratory test results and sand liquefied strength from field liquefaction failure case histories. Using this relationship, the influence of fines content on undrained critical shear strength is studied for different combinations of effective stress and density. The parametric study indicates that depending on soil void ratio, effective stress, and the shape and mineralogy of the fine particles, undrained critical strength may increase, remain the same, or decrease as the amount of fines content increases. Both the susceptibility to liquefaction and the severity of strain-softening are affected by adding fines. It is suggested that the critical state parameter is inadequate for describing the behavior of liquefiable sands and sand shearing-compressibility should be taken into account in liquefaction analysis. 相似文献