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当地震来临时,快速及时地将人员疏散到安全地带,能大大减少人员伤亡。因此,在地震频发、城市人口不断集中的今天,各城市应事先建设好避震疏散场所。通过对影响避震疏散场所选择的中山市城区地质构造背景与场地条件、以区为单位需安置人口数量、医疗救护点、易燃易爆危险源、避震疏散通道分布等要素的分析,并在野外勘查的基础上,参照关于建设避震疏散场所的规范和标准,对中山市城区避震疏散场所进行了规划。所规划的避震疏散场所安全可靠、布局合理,能够满足中山市城区的应急疏散需要。 相似文献
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安全快速的避震疏散通道是新时代背景下提高城市抗灾韧性水平的基础保障,灾时充分发挥避震疏散通道的可靠性和时效性将减轻城市人员伤亡。选取山地小城市昆明东川城区为研究区域,通过系统分析避震疏散通道影响因素,对灾后避震疏散通道的通行能力进行评估,基于ArcGIS建立人口集聚点与避震疏散场所（OD）的归属关系,并在此基础上通过遗传算法进行多条避震疏散通道选择研究,为城市抗震防灾规划提供参考。结果表明：东川城区震后不满足疏散要求的通道主要为城市周边的乡村内部道路及部分老城区道路;避震疏散场所存在服务盲区,新城部分小区缺乏疏散通道与避震疏散场所相连接;部分选择的路径虽满足灾时避震疏散要求,但耗时较长,灾时应优先考虑OD之间的最短路径。 相似文献
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传统GIS空间分析模型进行城市避震救灾疏散方案规划时,未考虑疏散路径的当量长度,获取的避震救灾模型疏散效率较低。采用通行难度系数、次生灾害干扰系数、桥梁阻碍系数获取避震救灾疏散路径当量长度;通过目标函数获取避震救灾疏散路径当量长度的最小值,同时考虑避难场所的容纳量要求、清空避难场所固有人员、疏散距离小于避难场所的服务半径3个约束条件,设计新的城市避震救灾疏散最优模型。实验结果表明,新的城市避震救灾疏散最优模型能够给出精确的疏散路径与方案,高效率地完成城市避震救灾疏散任务。 相似文献
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中山市城区场地土层剪切波速及脉动特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
对中山市城区场地剪切波速及地面脉动测试的实测数据进行了统计分析，并结合土层厚度和其他地质资料的研究，得到中山市城区场土层剪切波速和地面脉动的分析特征以及场地土类型和建筑场地类别的分布，并对影响土层煎速度及脉周期的各种因素作了初步探讨。 相似文献
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校园作为城市高密度地区的典型区域,建筑密度高、道路错综曲折、灾后疏散难度大。以南京中心城区某高校为实证研究案例,展开问卷调查;采用皮尔逊卡方检验法,对校园人群安全意识及疏散行为和性别、年龄、受教育程度及参加疏散演练次数等人员特性信息进行交叉分析,得到存在相关性的变量组;基于Logistic回归模型,建立了人群特征、安全意识评价指标对校园人群疏散行为及心理影响的评价模型,识别疏散行为影响因素,以及各因素的影响程度大小。结果表明:年龄、性别以及参加过疏散演练的次数是影响人群安全意识及疏散行为的显著相关因素,学历是相关因素;地震灾害下受访人群对避难场所的选择偏好为:场地型避难场所>建筑型避难场所>地下空间;参加疏散演练的次数,安全意识、风险认知对灾害发生时的人群疏散行为有显著影响。 相似文献
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简要介绍了《规划》的主要内容，叙述了编制《规划》的目的、指导思想、编制依据及设防目标，通过对县城的地震危险性分析与震害预测，提出了土地利用，场地区划、旧城改造，新建设防、避震疏散和生命线工程等方面具体要求，对震前应急准备与震后抢救灾作出了可行对策，对《规划》实施提出了分期目标。 相似文献
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The role of bioassay in the pollution control system for water bodies is considered. Studies of the mechanisms of toxic impact of various chemical compounds on aquatic organisms were used to develop a bioindication method to give an integral estimate of water toxicity and determine some classes of chemical pollutants. The results of application of such methods to assessing water quality in Lake Ladoga are given. 相似文献
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Biosecurity management allows countries to meet a number of international obligations and provides some protection from potential degradation of environmental, economic, social and cultural values. Ocean governance relies on the precepts of ecologically sustainable development to manage the multiple uses in the coastal zone. The increasing reliance on aquaculture to provide food security and economic development has led to an increase in the use of non-native target species grown as food sources. Increased economic activity has led to shifting trade patterns and increased efficiencies in vessels with the resulting increase in the number of introduced marine species via ballast water and hull fouling. Herein we review the different marine biosecurity strategies and legislation that have been implemented internationally and locally that aid in preventing and managing introduced marine species, with some attention to Australia and New Zealand as examples. Typical tools being used include quarantine, Import Health Standards, voluntary cleaning guidelines, and risk assessment, all of which aim to prevent introductions. 相似文献
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G.R. Dargahi-Noubary 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1983,33(2):91-93
A procedure is described for estimation of the maximum feasible magnitude for earthquakes in a given region. This procedure provides a confidence interval for the upper bound without the need for any numerical calculation. 相似文献
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Methodology for the development of analytical fragility curves for retrofitted bridges 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fragility curves for retrofitted bridges indicate the influence of various retrofit measures on the probability of achieving specified levels of damage. This paper presents an analytical methodology for developing fragility curves for classes of retrofitted bridge systems. The approach captures the impact of retrofit on the vulnerability of multiple components, which to date has not been adequately addressed, and results in a comparison of the system fragility before and after the application of different retrofit measures. Details presented include analytical modeling, uncertainty treatment, impact of retrofit on demand models, capacity estimates, and component and system fragility curves. The findings indicate the importance of evaluating the impact of retrofit not only on the targeted response quantity and component vulnerability but also on the overall bridge fragility. As illustrated by the case study of a retrofitted multi‐span continuous (MSC) concrete girder bridge class, a given retrofit measure may have a positive impact on some components, yet no impact or a negative impact on other critical components. Consideration of the fragility based only on individual retrofitted components, without regard for the system, may lead to over‐estimation or under‐estimation of the impact on the bridge fragility. The proposed methodology provides an opportunity to effectively compare the fragility of the MSC concrete bridge retrofit with a range of different retrofit measures. The most effective retrofit in reducing probable damage for a given intensity is a function of the damage state of interest. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A simplified suspended growth integrated system with an anaerobic zone in front of the aerobic one was used for the development of the bacterium Acinetobacter for phosphorus removal. The pilot plant experimental equipment was built at the Prague municipal works. The tests were carried out on a comparative basis, the control system was operated as a completely mixed activated sludge process. In the integrated system a to phosphate removal of 80 to 86% was achieved only in a biological way. In the control system, there was no development of Acinetobacter and the biological phosphate removal was only 5%. To rise it to the extent comparative with the integrated system, high doses of ferric chloride for a simultaneous precipitation of phosphate were required. The results obtained showed that the strictly biological process in the integrated system could meet normal practice requirements, even though it is not able to compete with the simultaneous phosphate precipitation using high coagulant dosages as for as the attainable efficiency and higher values of the sludge index are concerned. 相似文献
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Current projections indicate that six buildings per year will continue to be instrumented under the California Strong-Motion Instrumentation Program for the next several decades. In order to select these buildings systematically for instrumentation, we have developed a methodology that incorporates the fundamental elements of decision theory. These elements include an identification of the types of buildings that should be instrumented, a definition of the expected severity of ground shaking at each possible building site along with the probability of occurrence, and a quantification of the relative value of obtaining a building-response record for each building type. Using this information, we can apply decision theory to calculate the expected utility (degree of preference) of instrumenting buildings of a particular type at various sites. The sites are then ranked in order of preference for each building type. This procedure, developed for the California Strong-Motion Instrumentation Program, can be extended to instrumentation programs in other areas. 相似文献
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In the Taiwan region, the empirical spectral models for estimating ground-motion parameters were obtained recently on the basis of recordings of small to moderate (5.0≤ML≤6.5) earthquakes. A large collection of acceleration records from the ML=7.3 Chi-Chi earthquake (21 September, 1999) makes it possible to test the applicability of the established relationships in the case of larger events. The comparison of ground-motion parameters (Fourier amplitude spectra, peak accelerations and response spectra), which were calculated using the models, and the observed data demonstrates that the models could provide an accurate prediction for the case of the Chi-Chi earthquake and the largest aftershocks. However, there are some peculiarities in the ground-motion frequency content and attenuation that, most probably, are caused by the features of the rupture process of the large shallow earthquake source. 相似文献