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1.
在大数据环境下的地质数据服务应改变传统服务模式,创新与变革服务理念和服务方式.通过构造基于数据的开放协同的研究与创新模式,搭建数据共享平台,使地质数据资源的积累存储、加工处理、研发服务一体化,进而实现数据的流通、共享和使用,提高地质数据服务能力. 相似文献
2.
Sam Ock Park 《Geoforum》1991,22(4)
This study seeks to analyze spatial linkages of high-technology (high-tech) firms in Korea and to suggest directions for high-tech industrial development policies for regional economic development. The data were derived from questionnaire and interview surveys conducted in high-tech firms throughout Korea. Patterns of spatial linkages and the intensity of local linkages of input materials, output sales, business services, and high-tech labor forces were analyzed. Characteristics of regions and high-tech firms are identified as significant dimensions in determining the intensity of local linkages of input and output materials. Four types of possible high-tech clusters, self-supporting, redeveloping, assembling, and dependent, are also identified based on the characteristics of regions and high-tech firms. Policy implications for successful high-tech industrial development in Korea are suggested from a consideration of the four types of high-tech cluster. 相似文献
3.
浅议如何创新地勘单位档案服务工作 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据工作实际,从思想观念、档案服务对象、服务内容、服务方式、服务手段、服务机制等方面阐述了创新对于档案工作的重要性,同时要求档案工作人员要增强现代化意识,实现档案人员的现代化,从而创新档案服务工作。 相似文献
4.
Transaction links through cities: ‘decision cities’ and ‘service cities’ in outsourcing by leading Brazilian firms 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Most world city studies focus on where the provision of advanced producer services takes place, but in this study the location of the service clients are also taken into account. Production-service transactions are identified as links between ‘service city’ and ‘decision city’ (client HQ) and classified as intra-city (where a firms uses local (same city) services) and inter-city which may be domestic or foreign depending on whether the client uses services in or out of the country. Sampling the leading firms in Brazil, 218 transaction links are described and analysed in terms of cities, firm sectors, ownership and market. The analyses are used to inform a rereading of gateway city functions that takes into account the concentration/dispersal nexus in economic globalization. Thus, whereas the dominance of Sao Paulo in the Brazilian economy is confirmed, this is not interpreted as a simple gateway function with this one city ‘articulating’ the national economy into the world economy. A much more complex situation is revealed with by-passing of the gateway also much in evidence. The conclusion is that this shows concentration and dispersion of economic activity happening simultaneously in Brazil. 相似文献
5.
Logistics in China has grown rapidly; in 2015, the freight volume has reached 41 billion ton, increasing by 4.4% year-on-year. At the same time, the pollutant emissions from freight cars account for 70% of total emissions of motor vehicles, which severely affected the air quality. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of logistics on air pollution; we used a new methodology based on vector autoregression of freight turnover, gross domestic product, and urban population. We selected Beijing as our test and created a model using time series data for the period 2000–2014. In this model, permanent residents, freight turnover, and SO2 emission were used as proxies for population size, logistic services, and degree of air pollution. Our analyses showed that the expansion of logistic services had the biggest effect on air pollution. Moreover, impulse response analysis revealed that logistic growth caused more serious air pollution over a short time, with an ongoing negative effect. GDP growth was only weakly correlated with air pollution, while urban population growth appeared to have little effect. 相似文献
6.
Douglas R. Gress 《GeoJournal》2011,76(6):661-673
This paper is an effort to address some of the main considerations pertaining to foreign firm activity in clusters and the
use of Porter’s clusters in geographic research. Three methodological questions related to the behavior of firms in and outside
of Porter’s clusters are explored based on results generated from a survey of Korean subsidiaries in the US. Results indicate
that firms within and outside of clusters do exhibit differences vis-à-vis their levels of autonomy from their HQ firms. No
differences were found across firms located outside of clusters. Subsidiaries in clusters report much lower levels of autonomy
in planning and inventory control, and higher levels of autonomy for information sharing and cost control. The hiring practices
of subsidiaries in the US suggest that Korean firms are concentrating on hiring qualified managers from US competitors and
US firms with which they had a previous relationship. In stark contrast to hiring practices in Korea, subsidiaries are not
hiring significant numbers of managers with advanced degrees from universities or from the government. 相似文献
7.
As containerization enters its peak growth years, its potential future developments over maritime and inland freight transport
systems are being questioned. A series of issues can either further accelerate the adoption of containerization worldwide
or, alternatively, could impose an upper limit to the extraordinary contribution that containers have implied for logistics
systems and global commodity chains. These mainly include macro-economic, technical/operational and governance factors. Future
containerization will be largely determined by interactions within and between four domains ranging from a functional to a
spatial perspective. The logistical domain involves the functional organization of transport chains and their integration
in supply chains. The transport domain involves the operation of transport services and intermodal operations. The infrastructural
domain involves the provision and management of basic infrastructure for both links and nodes in the transport system. The
locational domain relates to the geographical location of nodes and sites in the economic space and forms a basic element
for their intrinsic accessibility in terms of centrality or intermediacy. It is underlined that the future of containerization
will dominantly be shaped by inland transport systems. 相似文献
8.
Cheng-Hsien Hsieh 《Natural Hazards》2014,74(2):851-864
Global environmental changes have led to frequent occurrences of climatic extremes. The increasingly frequent and high-magnitude natural disasters in Taiwan have caused significant mortality, injury, and property damage. In response, there have been requests to improve the capacity to cope with extreme climatic conditions through increased awareness and identification of vulnerability. Disruptions to transportation systems affect the resilience for sustaining daily operations. Among the various types of transportation systems, ports provide substantial employment and industrial activity, contributing to national and regional development. In addition, ports integrate the functions of supply chains such as services in logistics, information, and business, becoming the location of industrial clusters. Therefore, this study examines the risk of port failures from the perspective of vulnerability. Specifically, seven vulnerable factors derived from the extant literature and lessons learned from the previous disaster cases are evaluated using geographic information systems. The results reveal that port capacity and efficiency have a significant effect on port vulnerability in which the efficiency of gantry cranes, labor productivity, free trade zone business volume, and ground access networks play crucial roles in port failure. Moreover, the risks associated with port operation are evaluated by overlapping a hazard map of areas prone to debris flows and tsunami inundation. The risk maps can assist decision makers in understanding the vulnerability and adopting appropriate strategies to minimize disaster risks. 相似文献
9.
土地利用变化对延安市生态服务价值的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用延安市2001-2007年土地利用基础数据,计算土地利用动态度,并在Costanza生态系统服务价值理论基础上,结合谢高地等的中国生态系统生态服务价值当量因子表,计算出延安不同生态系统单位面积生态服务价值。并依此尝试计算延安市2001年至2007年延安市生态系统服务价值量。研究发现,2007延安市的生态系统服务价值将达到424.28亿元,比2001年增加28.79亿元,增长率为7.28%;各种土地利用方式的生态系统服务价值的敏感性指数(CS)均小于1,表明其对生态系统的价值变化是缺乏弹性的。 相似文献
10.
Based on empirical evidence, the article looks at the implications of private sector participation (PSP) for the delivery of water supply and sanitation to the urban and peri-urban poor in developing countries, with particular reference to Africa and Latin America. More precisely, the article addresses the impact produced by multinational companies’ (MNCs) strategies, in light of the pursuit of profitability, on the extension of connections to the pipeline network. It does so by questioning the assumptions that greater private sector efficiency and innovation, together with contract design, will enable the sustainable extension of service coverage to low income dwellers. The strategies of the major water MNCs are considered both in relation to the global expansion of their operations and the adjustment of local strategies to commercial considerations. The latter might result in identifying profitable markets, modifying contractual provisions, attempting to reduce costs and increase income, reducing risks and exiting from non-performing contracts. The evidence reviewed allows for re-assessing the relative roles of the public and private sectors in extending and delivering water services to the poor. First, the most far reaching innovative approaches to extending connections are more likely to come from communities, public authorities and political activity than from MNCs. Secondly, whenever MNCs are liable to exit from non-profitable contracts, the public sector has no other option than to deal with external risks affecting continuity of provision. Finally, market limitations affecting MNCs’ ability to serve marginal populations and access cheap capital do not apply to well-organised, politically led public sector undertakings. 相似文献
11.
《Geoforum》2015
The paper assesses the role for innovation of one aspect which has been generally overlooked by evolutionary economic geography: context. It analyses how context shapes the impact of collaboration on firm-level innovation for 1604 firms located in the five largest city regions of Norway. Specifically, the analysis shows how the benefits to firms of collaborating within regional, national, and international innovation networks are affected by the knowledge endowments of the region within which the firm is located. Using a logit regression analysis, we find, first, that only national and international networking have a significant positive impact on the likelihood of innovation (the former only for process innovation), whereas the regional knowledge endowments have no direct effect. Second, regional cooperation is particularly effective in regions with high investments in R&D, whereas international cooperation is important in regions with an educated workforce – and regional and national collaboration may be ineffective in such cases. We conclude that, in the case of Norway, context is essential in determining the capacity of firms to set up networks and innovate. Regions with an educated workforce can use the resulting absorptive capacity to successfully assimilate knowledge being diffused through global pipelines from faraway places. However, this absorptive capacity is likely to be heavily filtered if regional firms mainly rely on internal connections within Norway. 相似文献
12.
Kee-Bom Nahm 《GeoJournal》1999,49(3):289-299
In recent years, central Seoul has been experiencing a dynamic transformation. In the process of reorganization of the urban
industrial structure including tertiarization and quaternarization of the economic base of Seoul, business services are growing
very rapidly and large scale urban renewal projects are quickly implemented. Downtown office activities become a nucleus for
economic performance of Seoul and high-rise office buildings steer the landscape transformation of central Seoul. Even though
there appears to exist some evidence that office districts have dispersed to several subcenters, major office activities are
still concentrated in central Seoul. This paper redefines office industry in a narrow sense comprising only relevant economic
sectors and office buildings as office activity-functioning units. It then explores the industrial networking and territorial
specialization of office activities focusing on the dual process of concentration and dispersion in Seoul. The changing characteristics
of the downtown linkages of office activities in this post-industrial era transforms the spatial economy of central Seoul
into a more flexible and volatile system, while territorial concentration of power and control functions are fortified at
the same time. Finally, the paper addresses the development of manufacturing- tertiary-quaternary industrial complexes, which
can be regarded as emerging industrial clusters, producing the cultural economy of urban space and images for clients and
customers, in relation to urban competitiveness and territorial specialization of large metropolitan areas.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》2016
In this article, we examine the relations between global value chain governance and environmental upgrading in maritime shipping. Drawing from interviews with global shipping companies and major buyers of shipping services (cargo-owners), we reveal the key issues and challenges faced in improving the environmental performance of maritime transportation. Contributing to the Global Value Chain (GVC) literature, we compare and analyze the influence of three main external drivers on environmental upgrading in the tanker, bulk and container shipping segments: regulation, cooperation and buyer demands. Our findings suggest that environmental upgrading is more likely to occur when global value chains are characterized by unipolar governance and where the lead firms are consumer-facing companies with reputational risks. Furthermore, environmental upgrading in shipping is not likely to materialize without clear and enforceable global regulation and stronger alignment between regulation and voluntary sustainability initiatives. 相似文献
14.
本文以中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司为例,从工程咨询企业的特点及发展规律入手,探讨工程咨询企业技术创新需求和创新动力来源。研究表明,不断拓展服务的项目和领域,提高服务的水平和质量及企业生产效率,持续打造企业核心技术和专有技术,保持企业技术领先或比较优势,培育企业核心竞争力,是工程咨询企业技术发展的一般模式;拥有核心技术和专有技术,保持技术领先或比较优势,是工程咨询企业技术创新的总体目标;市场需求驱动,技术进步推动,企业内生动力作用,是工程咨询企业技术创新动力的三大来源。企业内生动力作用,即企业发展战略牵引、企业管理驱动、企业领导推动、员工成长需要、企业文化影响等,是企业技术创新的不竭动力和源泉。 相似文献
15.
The objective of this research is to investigate the role of geography in the venture capital investment in the US biotechnology
industry. Data include 4,409 quarterly investment deals from the MoneyTree Survey during 1995 and 2008. Strong spatial concentration
patterns are identified. Using both ordinary squares regressions and geographically weighted regressions, we find that as
the geographic distance between biotechnology firms and their investors decreases, deal size increases. Location in established
biotechnology clusters, such as New England and California, helps to bring a larger deal into individual firms as well. Also,
the impact of distance decay in these two clusters is more significant than that in other regions. In addition, we find that
a global venture capital investing syndication network brings large deals. Furthermore, firms in later stages of development,
and/or with few financing rounds, tend to receive more capital per deal. 相似文献
16.
《Geoforum》2017
This paper critically synthesizes empirics and issues in discrete inter-disciplinary literatures to identify ‘open innovation’ as part of an emergent regime of accumulation, overlaying and co-existing with flexible production, and encompassing novel firm-level strategies, new forms of corporate networks, and a disturbing capital-labor relation that informalizes innovative work while cultivating entrepreneurial but self-exploiting subjects. I explain the novelty of open innovation, its genealogy, and the implications for people and conditions of work as much as for firms in a new topology of power relations. I cast the ensemble of strategies and tactics encompassed in open innovation as contingent, continually unfolding, and sometimes chaotic if not destructive for both firms and labor, in contrast to the celebratory tone in the business as well as geography and regional studies literatures regarding its benefits for competitiveness, innovativeness, value capture, and development. Open innovation – the externalization of innovation – entails long-run approaches to innovation and investment that are fraught with problems, prompting the development of short-term tactics to engage the challenges. One short-run strategy, crowdsourcing, bypasses the conventional web of inter-firm relations to connect digitally with individuals of the global crowd, enabling firms to reap the benefits of the crowd’s innovative talents, often without remuneration under circumstances that institutionalize informal work. These neoliberal subjects are best understood in terms of multiple subjectivities. I close by connecting the crowdsourcing of innovative with non-innovative work, both of which are parts of the emergent regime associated with new hiring and work practices that usher in new modes of exploitation. 相似文献
17.
While empirical works that analyse rural–urban differentials in accessibility to health services are common in the developing countries, systematic studies focusing on intra-urban variations in accessibility to overall healthcare resources remain scant. Yet, many urban dwellers especially in the Sub-Saharan Africa have to travel long distances within the urban space to access basic health services. This study employs composed index of critical accessibility (CICA) to analyse differentials in access to health resources in Ibadan, a traditional African City. Data on healthcare centre location, ownership, doctors’ population were collected through field survey while spatial data on the administrative units and populated places were obtained from archival sources. Also, data on road networks was collected. Results show that the distribution of health facilities across local administrative units varies. In terms health facilities, Ibadan South West has 26 (36 %) of the total number while Ibadan South east has only 7 (9.8 %). The Doctor-Population Ratio also exhibits similar variations as Ibadan North has 20.5 as against 2.2, 1.9 and 0.3 for Ibadan SW, Ibadan NW and Ibadan NE respectively. The CICA analysis shows that 228,938 inhabitants are in high risk of negative accessibility while 49,234 are faced with condition of low risk of negative accessibility, which implies that a significant proportion of the population still finds it difficult to access basic health services as and when needed. The variations in the distribution of this deprived population are also noteworthy as the largest proportion of this group was localized in Ibadan NW. This has grave implication for the health and wellbeing of the population and raises once again the question of spatial equity in the delivery of urban public service. Curiously, these differences in the level of accessibility cut across administrative boundaries which brings to the fore the role of jurisdictional partitioning in ensuring equity in the delivery of urban public services. This opens a vista of research opportunity into the role jurisdictional partitioning in service provision in the urban centres. 相似文献
18.
The aim of this paper is to contribute to an understanding of clusters, including both the material and discursive dynamism of cluster construction, and shed light on how clusters—once established—affect the actors, institutions and processes that constitute them. It does this by viewing clusters as an actant, i.e. something that acts or to which activity is granted by others. The empirical analysis examines two clusters in the public cluster programme Norwegian Centre of Expertise (NCE): the Møre maritime cluster and the Hordaland subsea cluster. It focuses on the type of development paths they are following and how the material and discursive processes are interweaved in these paths. The clusters are related to the concept of cluster construction, which is triggered by ideas, representations, policy and industry practice. The Møre maritime cluster is characterized by bottom-up clustering processes and illustrates how the material practices of firms can trigger clustering processes such as the establishment of a cluster and the identification of a prototype of best cluster practice. On the other hand, the Hordaland subsea cluster expresses a top-down process and how the ideal world of academics and policy-making can encourage processes of clustering among co-located firms. Based on these observations of material and discursive interweaved clustering processes and how they affect both those who are practicing and those who are promoting them, we find it reasonable to argue for a stronger awareness of such feedback loops in cluster studies. 相似文献
19.
A. Meir Dr. 《GeoJournal》1979,3(1):81-87
A simple dynamic spatial diffusion model is suggested using the hitherto unreferred to concept ofinnovation adoption disparity between adoption units. Such disparity is an outcome of spatial variations in information flow caused by differential distances.
The model is structured around the relationship between adoption disparity and distance in a temporal context. An application
of the model to the diffusion of industrialization among Kibbutzim in Israel demonstrates its usefulness as a basic conceptual
framework for understanding spatial difcesses. A possible extension of the model to inncorporate elements of the logistic
curve is also proposed. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** ABI02060 00004 相似文献
20.
主要发达国家地质信息服务的政策体系及其特点 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
信息服务政策是信息服务顺利实施的保障。美、加、澳和英国等主要发达国家的地质调查机构制定并执行了一系列的信息服务政策。这些政策规定了服务的对象、内容、定价、合作伙伴关系、信息发布、客户关系、服务质量等方面的行为准则,涵盖了实施信息服务涉及的所有主要行为,已经形成了比较完整的体系。从以下几个方面阐述了上述主要发达国家信息服务政策体系的特点:信息自由法、版权对地质信息服务的影响,比较完善的定价政策、价格体系和重视用政策、标准规范信息服务。 相似文献