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1.
鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪煤的煤岩特征及成因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系发育多层厚煤层,煤质优良,储量巨大,且构造简单,埋深较浅,具有很大的开采价值。该岩系独特的煤岩特征与其成煤沼泽环境有密切联系,即内陆湖泊发育有关的河流体系上部的一系列高位沼泽;泥炭埋藏后继续经历不同程度的氧化阶段,使得煤岩组分中惰性组分含量普遍偏高,而镜质组分普遍经受一定程度的丝炭化作用而成为半镜质体。研究表明盆地中侏罗系煤系中煤的宏观煤岩主要以半暗煤和暗淡煤为主,半亮煤和光亮煤占次要地位;在盆地边缘,特别是靠近盆地北部物源地区,半暗煤、暗淡煤含量比例较高,往南向盆地中心部位半亮煤和光亮煤逐渐增多,表明沉积环境和成煤沼泽环境对煤岩组分具有主要控制作用;含煤岩系中,特别是煤层下部砂岩越厚,颗粒越粗,显微煤岩组分中丝质体含量越高,而且其结构完整、清晰,半镜质体含量也越高,植物细胞结构越完整和规则。埋藏后顶底板岩性还会继续影响煤岩组分的演化过程。煤层顶底板砂体由于物性条件好,孔隙水仍可长时间处于氧化与循环流通状态,使得各煤岩组分能长时间处于氧化状态,有利于丝炭化作用进行;相反,在盆地中心,湖泊相发育,泥炭被埋藏之后迅速被泥岩覆盖,煤层很快处于还原缺氧环境,凝胶化作用得以充分进行,镜质组的含量就会增高。研究还发现,壳质组常常在煤层中的某一部位富集,虽然整个煤层中其平均含量不高,但是却对煤层的总体生烃能力会有很大贡献。以往的研究成果中,壳质组含量常常被低估,尤其是呈流动状态的沥青质体,因为它最容易流动到刚性比较强的丝质体内部或各种裂隙中而常常被忽略,在以后的研究中值得加以重视。 相似文献
2.
The Jurassic coals of the Junggar and Turpan-Hami basins, Xinjiang, China, are characterized by abundant vitrinite. Microscopic
analysis of Junggar coal samples indicates that they contain desmocollinite and hydrogen-rich vitrinite with a low reflectivity.
The hydrocarbon-generating potential of various macerais follows the decreasing order of exinite > vitrinite > inertinite.
However, desmocollinite is a principal maceral for hydrocarbon generation in this area because the content of vitrinite is
higher than that of exinite. Data from simulating experiments and infrared spectra show that the hydrocarbon-generating process
occurred primarily at the lower-mature stage in the Middle-Lower Jurassic coal measures. Generally, crude oil from the Qigu
oilfield has a close similarity in hopanoid distribution to the vitrinite and exinite from the Jurassic strata with C23-C32 pentacyclic triterpanes and γ-lupane being present. The distribution of steranes is also similar. C29-sitostane is dominant and Q27 ergostane is subordinate. Only a trace amount of cholestane is present. All this suggests that the crude oil from the Qigu
oilfield was derived from Jurassic coal measures. 相似文献
3.
通过高压釜在溶剂和催化剂条件下对煤的加氢液化试验,探讨了低煤级煤中煤岩组分的液化性能。结果表明,在不同宏观煤岩成分的液化试验中,转化率和油产率表现出镜煤>亮煤>暗煤>丝炭;对于显微组分的液化,不仅镜质组和壳质组具有反应活性,半镜质组也有一定活性,且活性组分(镜质组+半镜质组+壳质组)含量与液化转化率、油产率表现出良好的正比关系。低煤级煤中,Rmax<1.50%的半丝质组分在液化时有反应活性,其活性低于同一煤中的半镜质组,而Rmax>1.50%的惰质组分已不具反应活性。 相似文献
4.
5.
Cuttings and cores from the Poolowanna 1 well, Eromanga Basin, South Australia (in which oil was discovered in Lower Jurassic reservoirs) and the Macumba 1 well (no oil) have been analyzed petrographically to assess the nature of the coals and dispersed organic matter present. The Jurassic and Cretaceous coals have medium to high vitrinite contents, low to relatively high exinite, and medium to low inertinite contents. The dispersed organic matter has comparatively less vitrinite, more exinite and/or more inertinite than the associated coals. The microlithotype compositions of the coals indicate that the original vegetation was largely woody in character and was buried before much oxidation had occurred.The Jurassic sediments contain up to 2% dispersed organic matter by volume, 0–75% of which is exinite, including alginite. Vitrinite reflectances range from 0.5 to 0.7%. Where sufficiently mature, the Jurassic sediments are good potential source rocks for hydrocarbons.Statistical testing of the analytical results for the Jurassic Poolowanna Formation using Kendall's τ as a measure of dependence shows that there is a significant association between the macerals in coal and dispersed organic matter. The ratio of exinite to inertinite in dispersed organic matter is reasonably well predicted by the corresponding ratio in the associated coal. 相似文献
6.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):89-93
Investigation of bituminous-coal macerals, accomplished through the Institut für Brennstoff Chemie (Fuel Chemistry Institute) of Aachen, is summarized here. Coal from five Ruhr coal beds was processed to obtain pure macerals in quantities sufficient to study their individual structure and chemical composition. Vitrinite, micrinite and exinite were recovered accordingly, and their chemical and physical properties studied; detailed, graphical interpretation of these data has been included. Chemical composition is derived for vitrinite, exinite, micrinite, and fusinite individually. Chemical structure of the macerals is discussed in relation to aromatically bound carbon content. It has been possible thus far, to determine maceral properties with respect to coalification rank as well as to indicate differentiation of these properties in macerals from the same coal bed. --D. D. Fisher. 相似文献
7.
通过对主煤层煤岩组分对比发现,沙尔湖煤田煤显微煤岩组分以惰质组分为主,组分因埋深不同有差异.利用镜质组与惰质组组份含量比例关系,推测煤层在沼泽积水较深还原环境中形成.煤中惰质组分含量较高,说明成煤期地壳缓慢上升,沼泽积水变浅的氧化环境.煤田自西向东主煤层形成时期沼泽积水深浅(地壳升降)变化韵律一致,早期深水中心偏向东部(葛洲坝煤矿方向),晚期深水中心偏向西部(格鑫煤矿方向),东部持续缓慢抬升使成煤阶段处于氧化环境,惰质组含量逐渐增高,并明显高于西部.同时,煤中无机质含量较高,反映当时为水动力条件较弱的成煤环境.据巨厚煤层产出、聚煤中心赋存(直接在二叠系老地层上)和煤层稳定性及变化趋势多方煤层特征,认为沙尔湖煤田巨厚煤层的形成具异地成煤特点. 相似文献
8.
在收集和整理大量山西省煤岩资料的基础上,分析了该省太原组和山西组煤的显微煤岩组分,并对各煤田太原组和山西组煤的R0,max的变化规律进行了研究。研究表明：山西省太原组和山西组煤中显微组分一般以镜质组为主,并且有从北向南有不断增加的趋势,惰质组次之,其趋势与镜质组相反,壳质组最少;太原组反射率值在0.6%～3.9%,整体上呈北低南高、西低东高的趋势,煤级从中煤级煤Ⅰ到高煤级煤Ⅱ都有赋存;山西组反射率值在0.6%～4.2%,其反射率变化趋势和煤级赋存特征与山西组类似。研究结果为评价和利用山西省的煤炭资源提供了依据。 相似文献
9.
从各向异性壳质组的发现论壳质组在煤化过程中的光性演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对我国几个典型煤田300多块煤光片的详细煤岩研究,发现煤中存在一种高反射具强烈各向异性的有机显微组分,有些保存了完好的壳质组外形和结构.可称之为各向异性壳质组,它广泛分布于长焰煤以上各煤级煤中,它的发现进一步说明了壳质组的煤化历程是复杂的。有些在煤化过程中几乎全部裂解为烃类而消失,绝大多数光性与共生镜质组同化,还有一少部分转变成了各向异性壳质组。 相似文献
10.
鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪成煤模式与煤质 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪煤的两种主要成煤模式,探讨成煤环境条件对煤质的控制作用.河流成煤模式的煤层富惰质组,湖泊三角洲成煤模式的煤层富镜质组,由于不同显微组分的物理化学性质和工艺性质的差异,富惰质组煤利于气化、动力燃烧、制吸附剂,富镜质组煤则首选液化和配焦. 相似文献
11.
低变质煤的煤层气开发潜力——以鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系为例,分析了低变质煤的煤层气地质特征、保存条件、主要储层参数的分布特征以及煤层气资源状况。鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤的变质程度低,煤层发育层数多、厚度大,水文地质条件有利,煤层气资源条件优越。与美国粉河盆地对比,鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤层气具有一定的开发潜力。中国低变质煤分布广泛,煤炭及煤层气资源量巨大,煤层气地质条件优越。但其勘探程度较低,应进一步加大勘探力度。 相似文献
12.
The usefulness of coal petrography for assessing and evaluating the properties of coal is well established. Such study is particularly helpful for evaluating Indian coals which are conspicuously heterogenous in nature. In a comparative study on the various schemes of classification and codification of coal using petrographic parameters, the importance of an international petrographic classification has been stressed. In the light of such a scheme—originally suggested for categorising Indian coals using vitrinite and exinite contents and reflectance of vitrinite as parameters—an attempt has been made to define the various important coal deposits of the subcontinent. They appear to be remarkably amenable to national planning from the standpoint of coal utilization. 相似文献
13.
A unique Upper Permian coal, Leping coal, is widely distributed in South China. The coal samples studied in the paper were collected from two mines in the Shuicheng coalfield of Guizhou Province, southwest China. The geochemical works including coal petrography, maceral content, Rock–Eval pyrolysis, and kinetic modelling of hydrocarbon-generating have been carried out on whole coal and individual macerals. The higher contents of volatile matter, elemental hydrogen, and tar yield, and the high hydrocarbon generation potential of the Leping coals are attributed to their high content of “barkinite”, a special liptinite maceral.The hydrocarbon generation potential of “barkinite” (S2=287 mg/g, hydrogen index (HI)=491 mg/g TOC) is greater than that of vitrinite (S2=180 mg/g, HI=249 mg/g TOC), and much higher than that of fusinite (S2=24 mg/g, HI=35 mg/g TOC). At the same experimental conditions, “barkinite” has a higher threshold and a narrower “oil window” than those of vitrinite and fusinite, and consequently, can generate more hydrocarbons in higher coalification temperature and shorter geological duration. Data from the activation energy distributions indicate that “barkinite” has a more homogenous chemical structure than that of vitrinite and fusinite. The above-mentioned characteristics are extremely important for exploring hydrocarbon derived from the Leping coals in South China. 相似文献
14.
Tanaporn Sakulpitakphon James C. Hower Darrell N. Taulbee 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2003,54(3-4):185
A large collection of well-characterized coals, documented in the Center for Applied Energy Research's (CAER) database, was used to estimate the CO2 content of maceral concentrates from Kentucky and Illinois high volatile bituminous coals. The data showed no correlation between CO2 versus coal ranks and between CO2 versus maceral content. Subsequently, eight sets of low-ash density-gradient centrifugation (DGC) maceral concentrates from five coal beds were examined, spanning in the high volatile rank range. Heating value was not determined on the concentrates, but instead was calculated using the Mott–Spooner formula. There was a good correlation between predicted CO2 and maceral content for the individual iso-rank (based on vitrinite reflectance, analyzed on whole (parent) coal) sets. In general, the predicted CO2 increases from liptinite-rich through vitrinite-rich to inertinite-rich concentrates (note: no “concentrates” are absolutely monomaceral). 相似文献
15.
The chemical composition of the organic matter in the principal macerals of high-volatile bituminous coals from the Gunnedah Basin, New South Wales (Rvmax of telocollinite between 0.6 and 1.1%) has been evaluated from polished section specimens using an electron microprobe technique. Highest proportions of carbon occur in the inertinite macerals, especially fusinite and secretinite (formerly resino-sclerotinite), as well as in sporinite; lowest proportions of carbon occur in the different macerals of the vitrinite group. Oxygen shows the reverse trend, being most abundant in vitrinite and least abundant in the inertinite components, whereas sulphur is lowest in the inertinites and highest in the liptinite (mainly sporinite) present. Evaluations of maceral composition, using the carbon content of telocollinite as a rank indicator, show that carbon is more abundant in both sporinite and semifusinite, relative to vitrinite, in low-rank high-volatile bituminous coals. The difference decreases with increasing rank, and the proportion of carbon in telocollinite becomes essentially the same as that in sporinite and semifusinite at carbon contents of about 89 and 91%, respectively. The carbon content of fusinite and secretinite, on the other hand, does not seem to vary appreciably with rank advance. No significant difference in composition occurs in the rank range studied between the three vitrinite varieties present, desmocollinite, telocollinite and a more highly reflecting telocollinite resembling pseudovitrinite. No evidence was found to indicate a higher hydrogen content, relative to telocollinite, for the vitrinite matrix of desmocollinite. 相似文献
16.
通过对塔里木盆地煤及其显微组分以1K/min升温速率在开放体系下进行热模拟实验(Tmax=1200℃),确定了CH4与N2生成动力学参数。根据化学反应动力学原理,当煤岩生成CH4和N2为25个一级平行反应且具有相同频率因子(Ao=1.0×1013s-1)时,生成CH4与N2每个反应对应的活化能可以通过实验数据与理论计算拟合,获得Gaussian型活化能分布特征为:CH4在活化能为42～90kcal/mol内,煤、镜质组、壳质组、丝质组和半丝质组生成CH4的主频活化能分别为60、52、50、70和66kcal/mol;N2在活化能为60～108kcal/mol内,其主频活化能分别为74、108、100、108和102kcal/mol。根据这些实验动力学参数,推测了煤岩在地质升温速率为5.3K/Ma时CH4的转化率:CH4在地质温度为20℃时开始形成;当地质温度为160℃时,煤岩中CH4已生成总量的80%。镜质组和壳质组CH4转化率要高于煤岩。 相似文献
17.
塔里木盆地东南缘下—中侏罗统煤层沿阿尔金山前断续分布,其煤岩、煤质与典型的西北侏罗纪煤层具有明显不同。通过对和田布雅、于田普鲁、且末红柳沟等煤矿主采煤层样品进行煤岩、煤质鉴定及煤化指标等一系列综合研究分析,结果表明,主采煤层以光亮煤、半亮煤为主,其次是半暗煤、暗淡煤;煤岩组分以镜质组为主,壳质组含量少,具中-高镜惰比。因成煤沼泽的还原程度促进了无机硫分的形成,煤中全硫含量随镜质组含量的增加呈现逐渐增高的趋势,且煤层硫分与灰分整体具有明显的负相关关系。此外,煤层挥发分受不同种类硫分的影响,亦有明显差异性变化。在民丰凹陷中-高硫煤中,硫分以无机硫为主,随着硫分的升高挥发分亦有升高趋势;瓦石峡凹陷中-低硫煤受有机硫控制,对挥发分产率的影响不明显。民丰凹陷煤层的灰分指数高于瓦石峡凹陷,可见后者的成煤沼泽环境潜水面要比前者高得多。针对上述诸多因素分析,进一步揭示塔东南地区煤岩、煤质多样性变化受断陷湖盆以及局部水体较深的还原型沼泽环境控制,最终形成了中-高挥发分、中-低灰分、中-低硫分的煤质及富镜贫惰的煤岩特征。 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》1999,17(1-2):255-267
The oil-generating potential of coals and other organic-rich sediments from the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Nyalau Formation, the offshore extension of which is believed to be a major source rock, is evaluated. Coals of the Nyalau Formation are typically dominated by vitrinite, with moderate and low amounts of exinite and inertinite, respectively. Significant amounts of clay minerals are present in these coals and those containing between 15 to 65% mineral matter by volume are termed carbargilite. The samples analysed range from sub-bituminous to high-volatile bituminous rank, possessing vitrinite reflectance in the range 0.42% to 0.72%. Tmax values range from 425°–450°C which is in good agreement with vitrinite reflectance data. Good oil-generating potential is anticipated from these coals and carbargilites with moderate to rich exinite content (15–35%). This is supported by their high hydrogen indices of up to 400 mgHC/gTOC, Py–GC (S2) pyrograms with n-alkane/alkene doublets extending beyond nC30, and their being in the early to mid-mature oil-window range. Petrographically, the most significant evidence of the oil-generating potential of these coals is the generation of petroleum-like materials (exsudatinite) visible under the microscope. Exsudatinite is a secondary maceral, commonly considered to represent the very beginning of oil generation in coal, which is shown here to also have an important role to play in hydrocarbon expulsion. The precursor of exsudatinite in these coals is the maceral bituminite which readily expels or mobilizes to hydrocarbon-like material in the form of oil smears and/or exsudatinite as observed under the microscope. The maceral bituminite is considered to play a major generative role via early exsudatinite generation, which is considered to facilitate the overall expulsion process in coaly source rocks. 相似文献
19.
Peter J. Crosdale Anatoly P. Sorokin Ken J. Woolfe David I. M. Macdonald 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2002,51(4)
Selected Tertiary coals from the Zeya–Buryea Basin, Far Eastern Russia, were investigated for aspects of their coal type, rank, depositional environment and post-depositional history. The coals have been examined in outcrop (lithotype logging), microscopically (maceral, reflectance and fluorescence), and geochemically (proximate analysis).Two laterally extensive coal-bearing horizons occur: one of Palaeocene age and the other of early Miocene age. The Palaeocene coals were investigated in active open-cut mines at Raichikhinsk and Yerkovtsi and the early Miocene deposit in an abandoned open-cut mine at Cergeyevka.Palaeocene coals at Raichikhinsk and Yerkovtsi were indistinguishable from each other macroscopically, microscopically, and geochemically. The deposits were sufficiently coalified that brightness logging could be undertaken. Dull coals, with numerous fusainous wisps, were dominant. Four dulling-up sequences, which represent stacked peat deposits, were observed at Raichikhinsk. At Yerkovtsi, only a small section of the middle of the seam, which was mostly dull and muddy coal, was investigated. Petrographically, these coals were dominated by inertinite group macerals, which is unusual in non-Gondwanan coals and rare in the Tertiary. Rank classification was problematic with volatile matter (VM) content of vitrain (daf), macroscopic appearance, and microscopic textures suggesting subbituminous B rank, but carbon content, moisture content and specific energy indicating a lignite rank.Notwithstanding complications of rank, estimates of the maximum-range burial depths were calculated. Taking the VM (daf) content of vitrain as 48%, burial depth estimates range from 900 m for a high geothermal gradient and long heating time to a maximum of 3300 m for a low geothermal gradient and short heating time. These estimates are maxima as the coal rank may be lower than implied by the VM.The Cergeyevka deposit is a soft brown coal. Limited sampling of the upper-most portion indicated a high moisture content (75% daf) and an unusual, hydrogen-rich geochemistry. Lack of identifiable liptinites using either reflected light or fluorescence microscopy suggested a significant bituminite component. Otherwise, the coals appear to be typical for the Tertiary. An estimate of 125 m maximum burial depth was obtained using the bed-moisture content of the coal, which is around the present burial depth.Comparison of present-day thicknesses with inferred burial depths suggests that at least 500 m of section is missing between the Palaeocene coals and the early Miocene coals.Palaeoenvironmental considerations suggest that fire played a significant role in the accumulation of the peats at Raichikhinsk and Yerkovtsi. At Cergeyevka, peat accumulation ended by drowning of the mire.Two tuff beds were recognised within the seam at Raichikhinsk and one in the seam at Yerkovtsi. Correlation of the tuff beds is uncertain but they should prove useful in regional coal seam correlation and interpreting coal depositional environments. Geochemical analysis by XRF was complicated by high loss-on-ignition (LOI) values. Despite extensive alteration, an acid igneous source is implied from the presence of free quartz and TiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 0.02 to 0.05. 相似文献
20.
应用全岩有机岩石学分析方法,对库车坳陷北部山前带中生界三叠系和侏罗系烃源岩的显微组分、主要富氢组分、有机质类型及热演化程度进行了研究。结果表明：库车坳陷北部山前带侏罗系克孜勒努尔组烃源岩显微组分总含量最高,恰克马克组烃源岩最低。中生界烃源岩显微组分组成具有镜质组含量高、壳质组和惰性组相对发育、腐泥组贫乏的特征。不同层位具有一定差异性,克孜勒努尔组和塔里奇克组中镜质组含量较高,恰克马克组壳质组相对发育。孢子体、壳屑体、角质体和藻类体是其主要的富氢组分,恰克马克组富氢组分相对含量最高。烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅲ型和Ⅱ2型为主,有利于生气,镜质组反射率Ro为056%~187%,热演化程度处于成熟-高成熟阶段。克拉苏—依奇克里克构造带冲断前缘烃源岩显微组分总含量与热演化程度均相对较高,为烃源岩的最大成熟生烃中心。烃源岩高生烃潜力与高的壳质组含量和低的陆源有机质含量有关。 相似文献