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将全球不同时代的碳酸岩体经过Arcgis软件进行坐标投点,得到了世界主要的碳酸岩体和碳酸岩有关矿产的分布特征图,结合全球主要构造,本文探讨了不同时代碳酸岩的产出和分布与深大断裂的关系。碳酸岩的空间分布主要与板块内部环境和造山带伸展环境中的拉张岩石圈构造背景有关,这种背景下的深大断裂容易切割到地球深处,为碳酸岩岩浆上涌提供通道,从而控制着碳酸岩的形成和分布。碳酸岩从太古代至新生代均有分布,年代越新出现的频率越高。碳酸岩的岩石学特征标志是其岩浆通过的上部地壳围岩中发生霓长岩化作用,形成一套含有霓石、钠(铁)闪石、钠长石、金云母、钾长石等为特征的霓长岩。碳酸岩体在平面和剖面上的分布,与其共生的碱性岩和超基性岩分布亦具有一定的规律性。碳酸岩的主量元素主要包括CO_2、CaO、MgO、FeO、Fe_2O_3、MnO以及SiO_2等,根据碳酸岩中的CaO、MgO和(FeO+Fe_2O_3+MnO)以及碱质之间的重量百分比可将碳酸岩划分为钙质碳酸岩、镁质碳酸岩和铁质碳酸岩以及碱质碳酸岩四大类。碳酸岩的微量元素主要是F、P、Nb-Ta、REE(LREE)、Zr(Hf)、碱金属(K、Na、Rb、Cs、Li)、碱土金属(Sr、Ba)以及衍生的Fe等强不相容的大离子亲石元素(LIPLE),通常是张性深大断裂导致的深部地幔低度部分熔融的产物,易在碳酸岩中富集成矿,形成一系列具有重要价值的金属和非金属矿床。碳酸岩中同位素及包裹体的研究,均不同程度反映了碳酸岩浆的深部来源及其演化特征。因此,碳酸岩特殊的产出背景、特有的矿物共生组合、围岩蚀变、岩石学特征以及地球化学特征等研究资料,还可以为人们了解深成岩浆的演化和探索地球深部信息提供证据。最近十几年的研究中,人们发现可能存在一种新的壳源成因的碳酸岩。 相似文献
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白云鄂博碳酸岩型REE-Nb-Fe矿床——一个罕见的中元古代破火山机构成岩成矿实例 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
白云鄂博碳酸岩型REE-Nb-Fe矿床是世界上最大的稀土矿床。稀土矿石产于整个白云石碳酸岩体和部分脉状碳酸岩中。对比世界上20余个火成碳酸岩地区的特征后发现,白云鄂博地区完全具备国外火成碳酸岩区的地质特征。在岩石、矿石组合上,本区也发育一套碳酸岩+超基性岩+碱性基性岩(含基性熔岩)+碱性岩+稀土矿石+铁矿石组合;在矿物组合上,以白云石为主,方解石次之,伴生一套碱性闪石、长石、霓石、磷灰石、萤石、磁铁矿、稀土矿物组合;在全岩化学成分、微量元素、稀土元素和Sr、Nd、Pb、C、O同位素上,这些岩石具有一定的亲缘关系,有着共同的来源;在岩体的形态与岩石组构上,它们以岩席、岩筒和脉岩的形式出现,并发育有强烈的熔离作用与流动构造;在区域构造上,发育隐伏穹窿构造、岩筒构造和巨型断裂汇聚构造。综合分析上述特征表明:白云鄂博地区具有中元古代破火山机构的痕迹,赋矿白云石碳酸岩体则是顺层侵入的火成碳酸岩体,东矿、主矿可能是一个火山颈构造控矿,而赋矿白云石碳酸岩体西南侧的苏木图矿床则是隐伏岩筒构造控矿。 相似文献
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稀土是我国最重要的战略性关键金属之一,碳酸岩型稀土矿床是中国乃至全球稀土资源最主要的来源,这类碳酸岩体周围通常发育霓长岩化围岩蚀变.霓长岩化作用是碳酸岩岩浆出溶的流体与围岩相互作用、并最终形成霓长岩的一类地质作用,它是碳酸岩及相关稀土矿化的重要野外标志.本文从概念模型、分类命名、岩相学特征和组分迁移规律等对霓长岩化作用(及其产物)进行综述,并结合实验岩石学资料以及典型稀土矿床的最新研究成果探讨霓长岩化作用对碳酸岩型稀土矿床成因机制的指示意义.霓长岩化作用通常与角砾岩化作用相伴生,后者是碳酸岩岩浆侵位过程的产物.角砾岩化作用使岩体破裂并产生构造裂隙,为碳酸岩流体的运移和后期稀土矿化提供空间.霓长岩的分类命名较为繁杂且混乱,一般按照碱质含量的不同分为钾质和钠质(以及过渡型)霓长岩.霓长岩中的主要矿物有碱性镁铁质矿物(碱性辉石、碱性角闪石)、碱性长石(钾长石-钠长石系列)和云母族(金云母-黑云母系列)矿物."加碱去硅"是原岩发生霓长岩化作用时最重要的组分迁移特征,但并不是所有类型的原岩均遵循这一规律.此外,最新的实验模拟也表明,碱质是霓长岩化过程中稀土元素得以远距离迁移的关键因素.由于具有较高的温度,霓长岩化作用的发生通常早于(少数情况下同时)稀土矿物的沉淀,因此大规模稀土矿化是叠加于霓长岩化蚀变之上的. 相似文献
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稀土是我国最重要的战略性关键金属之一,碳酸岩型稀土矿床是中国乃至全球稀土资源最主要的来源,这类碳酸岩体周围通常发育霓长岩化围岩蚀变.霓长岩化作用是碳酸岩岩浆出溶的流体与围岩相互作用、并最终形成霓长岩的一类地质作用,它是碳酸岩及相关稀土矿化的重要野外标志.本文从概念模型、分类命名、岩相学特征和组分迁移规律等对霓长岩化作用(及其产物)进行综述,并结合实验岩石学资料以及典型稀土矿床的最新研究成果探讨霓长岩化作用对碳酸岩型稀土矿床成因机制的指示意义.霓长岩化作用通常与角砾岩化作用相伴生,后者是碳酸岩岩浆侵位过程的产物.角砾岩化作用使岩体破裂并产生构造裂隙,为碳酸岩流体的运移和后期稀土矿化提供空间.霓长岩的分类命名较为繁杂且混乱,一般按照碱质含量的不同分为钾质和钠质(以及过渡型)霓长岩.霓长岩中的主要矿物有碱性镁铁质矿物(碱性辉石、碱性角闪石)、碱性长石(钾长石-钠长石系列)和云母族(金云母-黑云母系列)矿物."加碱去硅"是原岩发生霓长岩化作用时最重要的组分迁移特征,但并不是所有类型的原岩均遵循这一规律.此外,最新的实验模拟也表明,碱质是霓长岩化过程中稀土元素得以远距离迁移的关键因素.由于具有较高的温度,霓长岩化作用的发生通常早于(少数情况下同时)稀土矿物的沉淀,因此大规模稀土矿化是叠加于霓长岩化蚀变之上的. 相似文献
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甘肃北山地区南金山金矿床隐爆角砾岩体的发现及成矿规律研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
地质研究发现,南金山金矿区出露的下石炭统白山组上岩组的部分岩石为隐爆角砾岩,其中厚层-块状变花岗质砂砾岩为隐爆岩浆角砾岩,厚层-块状变凝灰质砂砾岩为隐爆凝灰角砾岩。隐爆角砾岩体呈近EW向带状分布,隐爆岩浆角砾岩分布于岩体中部,构成岩体的内带,隐爆凝灰角砾岩对称分布于岩体南北两侧,构成岩体的外带。经矿床地质研究,提出了新的认识,认为该矿床的形成受隐爆角砾岩体及隐爆断裂构造的控制,金矿体分布于隐爆角砾岩体外带的隐爆凝灰角砾岩及隐爆断裂中;提出了隐爆角砾岩体外带成矿、对称成矿和双层成矿等3条矿体分布规律。采用EH-4连续电导率成像仪进行了深部地球物理测量,测量结果验证了隐爆角砾岩体控矿及其成矿规律。 相似文献
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鲁中碳酸岩中磷灰石同位素地球化学研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
鲁中地区分布着100多个碳酸岩体，微量元素含量及稀土配分等均与世界典型碳酸岩相近。而碳酸岩的碳氧及斑晶磷灰石的锶、钛同位素组成与典型地幔物质有差异，与富集地幔颇为近似，从而证实在山东地区陆壳下存在富集地幔源区。 相似文献
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鲁中地区分布着１００多个碳酸岩体，微量元素含量及稀土配分等均与世界典型碳酸岩相近。而碳酸岩的碳氧及斑晶磷灰石的锶、钕同位素组成与典型地幔物质有差异，与富集地幔颇为近似，从而证实在山东地区陆壳下存在富集地幔源区。 相似文献
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陕西二台子铜金床钠长石碳酸（角砾）岩类特征及形成构造背景分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
从岩石学、矿物学、岩石化学、地球化学、稀土元素等方面研究了二台子铜金矿内长石炭酸（角砾）岩类地质地球化学特征。晚泥盆世－石炭纪,在区域幔羽构造作用下,深部热流体沿先存在构造通道上升进入镇安二台子三级热水沉积盆地之中,形成了石英重晶石炭酸角砾岩、碳酸角砾岩、复成分角砾岩、钠长岩、钠长石碳酸岩,受同性断裂及层位控制明显,并构成了金的矿源层及普遍金矿化。燕山期,具有幔源特征的深部含矿热流体在北东、北西向 相似文献
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WOOLLEY A. R.; BARR M. W. C.; DIN V. K.; JONES G. C.; WALL F.; WILLIAMS C. T. 《Journal of Petrology》1991,32(6):1143-1167
Carbonatites occur in the Uyaynah area, United Arab Emirates,within a tectonic window of oceanic metasediments beneath theSemail Ophiolite Complex at the northern end of the Oman Mountains.The carbonatites form conformable layers, pods, and lenses,up to 10 m thick, associated with deep-sea sediments that includeradiolarian cherts and pillow lavas. Although disrupted duringdeformation, the carbonatites are internally undeformed andcontain abundant lapilli, indicating an extrusive, subaerialorigin, probably on a small volcanic island. The lapilli comprisecalcite, abundant Sr-bearing apatite and iron oxides in a calcitematrix. Alkali amphiboles, biotite, chlorite, and allanite wereproduced as a result of metamorphism but otherwise the primaryigneous carbonatite mineralogy remains. One distinct group ofrocks also contains primary calcic amphibole and biotite. Niobiantitanite, strontian baryte, and albite are also present, andrare earth elements are held in abundant allanite-(Ce) and raremonazite-(Ce). Analyses of 26 rocks define two groups whichare distinguishable in the field. One group consists of silico-carbonatitescontaining primary calcic amphibole, biotite, and abundant allanite,and is chemically similar to average intrusive ferrocarbonatite.The other group corresponds chemically to average intrusivecalciocarbonatite. Unlike other extrusive carbonatites describedin the literature, the Uyaynah carbonatites have higher incompatibleelement abundances than average intrusive carbonatites and arenotably rich in rare earth elements (up to 2?6 wt.%) and P2O5(average > 7 wt.%). The two carbonatite groups are consideredto be related magmatically one to the other, and the presenceof rare ferroan chromian spinel is interpreted as evidence fora direct mantle origin. 相似文献
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陕西省华阳川铀铌铅矿床是小秦岭成矿带中成矿特征最为独特的矿床,碳酸岩脉的破碎带是重要的成矿空间。未矿化的碳酸岩中矿物以方解石为主,其他矿物很少;发育铀矿化的碳酸岩脉中矿物种类繁多,大部分为方解石,其次为角闪石、金云母、榍石、褐帘石、铌钛铀矿、重晶石、磷灰石、石英、磁铁矿、碱性长石等矿物。碳酸岩的LREE含量异常高,δ13CV-PDB和δ18OV-SMOW值显示典型的火成碳酸岩特征。基于碳酸岩脉的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素比值(87Sr/86Sr-206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb-143Nd/144Nd-87Sr/86Sr)的关系图,初步判断华阳川铀铌铅碳酸岩脉是源于EMI的碱性硅酸盐-碳酸盐熔体-溶液结晶分异的产物。 相似文献
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Shi Li 《中国地球化学学报》1982,1(4):409-420
The lens-shaped Miaoya carbonatite complex, located west of the Wudang massif, Hubei Province, consists of several types of carbonatites associated with syenites. According to their composition, the carbonatites can be classified into four types, i. e., sovite, alvikite, carbon-bearing alvikite and ankeritic carbonatite. Their average composition is in agreement with the abundance values for carbonatites compiled by Gold (1966). There are three stages recognizable: the earliest sovite and alvikite followed by carbon-bearing alvikite, with ankeritic carbonatite being the latest. Some rules dominating the distribution of major and rare elements are observed with respect to the evolution of these carbonatites, for example, Nb is essentially enriched in sovite. Except for niobite and ilmenorutile, there are also pyrochlore, nioboeschynite and fersmite. RE are concentrated mainly in ankeritic carbonatite, within which bastnasite, parisite and monazite are found. In general, Ca, Nb, and Sr decrease, while Fe, Mg, Mn, and RE increase from earlier to later stages. It is suggested that the carbonatites are genetically connected with syenitic magma. 相似文献
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V. B. Savelieva Yu. V. Danilova E. P. Bazarova A. V. Ivanov V. S. Kamenetsky 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,471(1):1140-1143
Apatite and biotite from dolomite?ankerite and calcite?dolomite carbonatite dikes emplaced into the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rock complex in the southern part of the Siberian Craton are dated by the U–Pb (LA-ICP-MS) and 40Ar–39Ar methods, respectively. Proceeding from the lower intercept of discordia with concordia, the age of apatite from calcite?dolomite carbonatite is estimated to be 972 ± 21 Ma and that for apatite from dolomite?ankerite carbonatite, as 929 ± 37 Ma. Values derived from their upper intercept have no geological sense. The ages obtained for biotite by the 40Ar–39Ar method are 965 ± 9 and 975 ± 14 Ma. It means that the formation of carbonatites reflects the earliest phases of the Neoproterozoic stage in extension of the continental lithosphere. 相似文献
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Summary Crystallization temperatures of the oceanic carbonatites of Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, have been determined from oxygen isotope fractionations between calcite, silicate minerals (feldspar, pyroxene, biotite, and zircon) and magnetite. The measured fractionations have been interpreted in the light of late stage interactions with meteoric and/or magmatic water. Cathodoluminescence characteristics were investigated for the carbonatite minerals in order to determine the extent of alteration and to select unaltered samples. Oxygen isotope fractionations of minerals of unaltered samples yield crystallization temperatures between 450 and 960°C (average 710°C). The highest temperature is obtained from pyroxene–calcite pairs. The above range is in agreement with other carbonatite thermometric studies.This is the first study that provides oxygen isotope data coupled with a CL study on carbonatite-related zircon. The CL pictures revealed that the zircon is broken and altered in the carbonatites and in associated syenites. Regarding geological field evidences of syenite–carbonatite relationship and the close agreement of published zircon U/Pb and whole rock and biotite K/Ar and Ar–Ar age data, the most probable process is early zircon crystallization from the syenite magma and late-stage reworking during magma evolution and carbonatite segregation. The oxygen isotope fractionations between zircon and other carbonatite minerals (calcite and pyroxene) support the assumption that the zircon would correspond to the early crystallization of syenite–carbonatite magmas. 相似文献
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《Gondwana Research》2001,4(3):409-420
Petrological studies on the surrounding metamorphic rocks of the Eppawala carbonatite body, Wanni complex, Sri Lanka, revealed that these rocks had been metamorphosed under amphibolite to granulite facies conditions. Garnet-sillimanite-biotite gneiss shows lower range of metamorphic temperature (730–770°C) than the migmatite gneiss (750–780°C) and the pressure varies from 6.6–7.8 kbar to 5.6–6.4 kbar respectively. The metamorphic age of the garnet-sillimanite-biotite gneiss and migmatite gneiss dated 607±23 Ma and 626±16 Ma, respectively for mineral — whole rock isochron in Sm-Nd system. These ages are compatible with the ages of regional high-grade metamorphism occurred 610–550 Ma in the three crustal units in Sri Lanka.Rb-Sr system for biotite, apatite and whole-rock fractions suggests 493±5 Ma for the Eppawala carbonatite body. This age indicates the cooling age of the biotite. The presence of non-crystalline carbonatite matrix and large hexagonal apatite crystals suggests a slow cooling history. Further, low closure temperature of biotite in Rb-Sr system suggests that the intrusion age of carbonatite body should be more than 493 Ma, but non-metamorphosed nature provides evidence that the intrusion age of the carbonatite body should be less than the period of regional metamorphism 610–550 Ma. Therefore, Eppawala carbonatite body has a strong possibility to be a late to post magmatic intrusion. The other late to post magmatic intrusions in the Wanni complex and Highland complex are dated between 580–550 Ma. Therefore, the most probable intrusion age of the Eppawala carbonatite body is suggested to be around 550 Ma. 相似文献
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陕西华阳川碳酸岩地质学和岩石学特征及其成因初探 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文提供了陕西华阳川碳酸岩产状、规模形态、空间分布、围岩蚀变和主要造岩矿物特征,以及相互关系等方面的研究资料,初步论证了华阳川碳酸岩的成因。 相似文献
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Hf, Zr and Ti in carbonatites primarily reside in their non-carbonate fraction while the carbonate fraction dominates the Nd and Sr elemental budget of the whole rock. A detailed investigation of the Hf, Nd and Sr isotopic compositions shows frequent isotopic disequilibrium between the carbonate and non-carbonate fractions. We suggest that the trace element and isotopic composition of the carbonate fraction better represents that of the carbonatite magma, which in turn better reflects the composition of the carbonatitic source. Experimental partitioning data between carbonatite melt and peridotitic mineralogy suggest that the Lu/Hf ratio of the carbonatite source will be equal to or greater than the Lu/Hf ratio of the carbonatite. This, combined with the Hf isotope systematics of carbonatites, suggests that, if carbonatites are primary mantle melts, then their sources must be short-lived features in the mantle (maximum age of 10–30 Ma), otherwise they would develop extremely radiogenic Hf compositions. Alternatively, if carbonatites are products of extreme crystal fractionation or liquid immiscibility then the lack of radiogenic initial Hf isotope compositions also suggests that their sources do not have long-lived Hf depletions. We present a model in which the carbonatite source is created in the sublithospheric mantle by the crystallization of earlier carbonatitic melts from a mantle plume. This new source melts shortly after its formation by the excess heat provided by the approaching hotter center of the plume and/or the subsequent ascending silicate melts. This model explains the HIMU-EMI isotope characteristics of the East African carbonatites, their high LREE/HREE ratios as well as the rarity of carbonatites in the oceanic lithosphere. 相似文献
19.
<正>Carbonatites are commonly related to the accumulation of economically valuable substances such as REE.Cu,and P.The debate over the origin of carbonatites and their relationship to associated silicate rocks has been ongoing for about 45 years.Worldwide,the rocks characteristically display more geochemical enrichments in Ba,Sr and REE than sedimentary carbonate rocks.However,carbonatite's geochemical features are disputed because of secondary mineral effects.Rock-forming carbonates from carbonatites at Qinling.Panxi region,and Bayan Obo in China show REE distribution patterns ranging from LREE enrichment to flat patterns.They are characterized by a Sr content more than 10 times higher than that of secondary carbonates.The coarse- and fine-grained dolomites from Bayan Obo H8 dolomite marbles also show similar high Sr abundance,indicating that they are of igneous origin.Some carbonates in Chinese carbonatites show REE(especially HREE) contents and distribution patterns similar to those of the whole rocks.These intrusive carbonatites display lower platinum group elements and stronger fractionation between Pt and Ir relative to high-Si extrusive carbonatite.This indicates that most intrusive carbonatites may be carbonate cumulates.Maoniuping and Daluxiang in Panxi region are large REE deposits.Hydrothermal fluorite ore veins occur outside of the carbonatite bodies and are emplaced in wallrock syenite.The fiuorite in Maoniuping has Sr and Nd isotopes similar to carbonatite.The Daluxiang fiuorite shows Sr and REE compositions different from those in Maoniuping.The difference is reflected by both the carbonatites and rock-forming carbonates,indicating that REE mineralization is related to carbonatites.The cumulate processes of carbonate minerals make fractionated fluids rich in volatiles and LREE as a result of low partition coefficients for REE between carbonate and carbonatite melt and an increase from LREE to HREE.The carbonatite-derived fluid has interacted with wallrock to form REE ore veins.The amount of carbonatite dykes occurring near the Bayan Obo orebodies may support the same mineralization model,i.e.that fluids evolved from the carbonatite dykes reacted with H8 dolomite marble,and thus the different REE and isotope compositions of coarse- and fine-grained dolomite may be related to reaction processes. 相似文献
20.
碳酸岩的地质地球化学特征及其大地构造意义 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
从已知碳酸岩的地质产状、岩石学特征、Nd-Sr-Pb-O-C同位素及痕量元素地球化学特征数据,结合高温高压实验岩石学资料,论述了其地幔源区的物质成分、交代过程软流圈地幔部分熔融机制和碳酸岩岩浆的演化模型。碳酸岩既可以产生于拉张岩石圈构造背景,也能够产生于挤压而派生的引张岩石圈构造背景。前者以产于裂谷环境、与硅酸不饱和过碱性岩构成环状碳酸岩—碱性杂岩为特征,主要由起源于软流圈地幔的霞石质超基性—基性岩浆经液态不混溶作用而形成;后者产于碰撞造山过程中派生的引张岩石圈断裂带,以单一的透镜状、条带状和似层状碳酸岩体为标志,直接由导源岩石圈富集地幔的低程度部分熔融作用而产生的碳酸岩浆侵入或喷发所形成。 相似文献