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1.
辽中凹陷发育多种样式的反转构造,其形成演化与郯庐断裂带辽东湾段新生代的脉动式活动有直接关系。通过最新的地震剖面、相干体切片等资料以及平衡剖面恢复等方法,对辽中凹陷反转构造的几何学形态、演化过程和反转期次进行研究,并结合区域板块活动背景,分析反转构造演化过程及其对郯庐断裂带新生代活动的响应。结果表明:辽中凹陷发育反转断裂、反转背斜、泥底辟、隐伏凸起等多种类型的反转构造,且沿郯庐断裂带呈带状展布。辽中凹陷在新生代主要曾经历了三期构造反转,分别发生在沙三段沉积末期、东营组沉积末期和明化镇组沉积末期。三期构造反转均与郯庐断裂带的走滑压扭活动有关,从根本上受控于周边板块活动背景的变化:第一期反转是由于太平洋板块俯冲方向和速率发生变化,导致郯庐断裂带由左旋走滑转为右旋走滑,由走滑张扭转为走滑压扭,形成反转构造的雏形;第二期反转的动力主要来源于太平洋板块对中国大陆向西的推挤作用,导致渤海湾地区受到整体挤压以及郯庐断裂带发生走滑压扭,使反转构造定型;第三期反转是由于太平洋板块的加速俯冲促使郯庐断裂带晚期再次发生走滑压扭活动,对早期反转构造进行改造。其中沙三段和明化镇组沉积末期的反转为局部反转,强度较弱,东营组沉积末期的反转为区域反转,强度最高。 相似文献
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基于高分辨率SPOT影像解译、关键地点的野外构造地貌调查和活动断裂测量以及错断沉积物的光释光测年(OSL),确定了龙门山断裂带西南段主要活动断裂的分布特征及其晚第四纪活动特征,发现后龙门山断裂带--五龙-冷碛镇断裂是一条晚更新世活动的右旋走滑断裂,没有明显的挤压逆冲活动形迹.根据次级断层的地层切割关系和沉积物测年结果,确定了沿该断裂带晚更新世两期走滑活动事件:一期发生在86～88ka,另一期发生在36～48ka.中央断裂带--双石-西岭断裂也具有右旋走滑活动特征,但其活动性相对较弱.这两条主要断裂在全新世没有明显的活动形迹,表明龙门山断裂带西南段构造活动性较弱.现今以中小地震为主,地震震源机制解显示以走滑应力机制占主导,与现今应力测量确定的逆冲应力状态不一致.这些观察和测试结果为龙门山断裂带西南段未来强震危险性评价提供了重要的依据. 相似文献
3.
长昌凹陷位于琼东南盆地深水区东部,是重要的油气勘探潜力区。基于高精度三维地震资料,开展了长昌凹陷中部复杂断裂的精细解释。根据断裂发育位置、组合形态、构造样式,结合区域应力特点的综合分析,认为凹陷中部发育2条NWW向的伸展-走滑复合断裂带,其形成与演化过程可分为3个阶段:早渐新世,受NW—SE向区域拉张应力的作用,发育主干伸展断裂;晚渐新世早期,受南海西南次海盆海底扩张的影响,区域张应力发生顺时针旋转,由NW—SE向转变为SN向,开始产生右旋走滑作用,导致形成一系列次级断裂;晚渐新世晚期—早中新世,长昌凹陷内基底断裂持续活动,同时受凹陷北部、南部2个刚性隆起阻碍作用增强的影响,走滑作用更加强烈,产生了大量的负花状构造。北部断裂带具有右行左阶的走滑性质,断裂带内发育挤压应力环境,断裂封闭性较好,有利于油气聚集;南部断裂带具有右行右阶的走滑性质,断裂带内发育拉张应力环境,有利于油气运移。 相似文献
4.
南海西缘断裂带是南海西部最主要的构造要素,从北到南贯穿了该区主要的沉积盆地,具有走滑断裂的性质。由于不同地质时期走滑方向的不同,形成了不同的断层组合,主要表现为负花状构造和北东向、北西向两组雁列断层以及平面上双马尾状构造组合。主体断裂带以单条式为主,区段式活动特征明显。在南北盆地之间的构造转换带表现为负花状构造-犁式断裂-多米诺式反向调节正断层的组合。综合分析认为,南海西缘断裂是一组长期活动的断裂带,大规模走滑活动从中始新世至第四纪时期,主要为右旋走滑,应力以张扭作用为主;但是在中中新世末期,走滑方向曾经发生转变,为左旋走滑,转为压扭应力,造成区域隆升,导致地层被剥蚀,南海西部盆地现今沉积-构造格局基本形成。 相似文献
5.
数值模拟探讨青藏高原东部应力应变场及断裂活动性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原东部是我国活动构造非常强烈的区域,现今的应力应变状态对活动构造研究有重要参考意义。本文依据地质资料和岩石力学性质构建相应的有限元数值模型,以GPS观测为边界约束,计算得到了青藏高原东部应力应变场,在此基础上探讨了主要断裂的活动特征。结果显示,距离印度板块和欧亚大陆板块碰撞带较近的青藏高原,汇聚速度、最大压应变率和最大压应力均较高,而随着远离碰撞带各个数值相应降低;在青藏高原东部,以喜马拉雅东构造结为旋转中心的一系列弧形断裂滑动速率相对较高,如玉树—鲜水河—小江断裂带,巴塘—金沙江断裂带,嘉黎断裂带等,这些走滑断裂带控制着青藏高原东南缘物质旋转挤出的特征,而其它断裂带滑动速率则相对较低,在块体内部则更低;结果同时表明应变速率分配高的断裂达到屈服的时间短,对应的地震复发周期短。 相似文献
6.
塔里木盆地顺北地区发育大量走滑断裂带,并对油气的运聚成藏有重要控制作用。以顺北西部地区地震资料为基础,对顺北11号走滑断裂带的几何变形特征、活动性、活动期次及其形成机制等进行了分析。顺北11号走滑断裂带整体呈NNW走向延伸,具有垂向分层性和平面分段性。断裂带北段主体为压扭和张扭交互段,中段为两条次级断层控制的拉分地堑,南段由数条分支断层构成马尾状构造。顺北11号断裂带整体活动性由北向南减弱,运动学标志显示是一条右旋走滑断层。顺北11号断裂带主要经历了晚奥陶世和晚志留世-中泥盆世两期活动,部分地区的活动持续到石炭纪。顺北11号走滑断裂带的活动性和运动学特征与塔北地区NNW走向的走滑断裂体系比较相似,而不同于塔中地区的NE向左行走滑断裂体系。顺北11号走滑断裂带的形成主要受控于塔里木盆地北部天山洋多期俯冲挤压而产生的自北向南的挤压应力,断裂自北向南扩展延伸,类似于顺北5号走滑断裂带的北段。 相似文献
7.
阿尔金断裂带对青藏高原北部生长、隆升的制约 总被引：59，自引：3，他引：59
大量的同位素年代学证据表明(古)阿尔金断裂带可能形成于三叠纪,后又经历了侏罗纪、白垩纪的强烈左旋走滑活动,自印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞后阿尔金断裂再次活动。主要的走滑活动发生在:(1)245~220Ma;(2)180~140Ma;(3)120~100Ma;(4)90~80Ma;(5)60~45Ma;(6)渐新世至中新世;(7)上新世至更新世以及(8)全新世。沿阿尔金断裂带,伴随左旋走滑活动形成一系列的逆冲断裂和正断裂,反映走滑过程中伴随隆升作用的存在,并且形成自北向南包括祁连山、大雪山、党河南山、柴北缘山、祁漫塔格山和昆仑山,表明阿尔金断裂带制约着青藏高原北部的生长和隆升。阿尔金断裂带东、西两端的白垩纪和新生代火山活动是断裂走滑活动的响应。 相似文献
8.
台湾海峡地区横向构造及其对东南沿海地震的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
台湾海峡两岸存在一系列断续分布、横贯台湾海峡的NW向断裂,研究表明为一系列具有走滑运动的横向构造,根据地壳运动、区域变形和断裂特征分为巴士断裂带、台中-晋江断裂带和宁德-三貂角断裂带。中部的台中-晋江断裂带是一条控制地壳运动南北差异的重要分界断裂,断裂带以北的东南沿海北部和台湾北部地壳整体向东运动,与琉球俯冲带右行走滑运动方向基本相同,形成一致的变形取向;断裂带以南处于华南地块与菲律宾海板块相向运动挤压变形环境,地壳变形比北部强烈。东南沿海地震强度增强趋势、地震南强北弱与该应变场和横向走滑有关:(1)由于该断裂以南比以北地区应力应变场变化大,多场耦合复杂,耦合程度降低,造成蠕动变形不均产生应力闭锁,孕育地震发生。(2)福建东部比台湾海峡地壳均一性差、地球物理场变化明显,组成更为复杂的多元、多场耦合,耦合场稳定性差,容易受横向构造活动干扰,产生弹性变形而孕育地震强度增强。 相似文献
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10.
西昆仑康西瓦断裂带西延特征及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青藏高原西北部康西瓦走滑断裂带(Karakax fault)为一条经过长期演化且现今仍在活动的重要大型断裂带,该断裂对该地区形成演化起到至关重要的控制作用。目前大多学者们认为该断裂在东段沿喀拉喀什河谷大致呈东西走向延伸,后在其西段麻扎地区向北西方向延伸。然而,通过详细的野外地质调查在该断裂带西段的麻扎地区新发现了一条NEE-SWW向的断裂,将之命名为麻塔断裂。实测地质剖面和显微构造分析发现麻塔断裂与康西瓦断裂具有相似的几何学和运动学特征,同样经历了早期右旋逆冲的韧性走滑变形和后期左旋脆性走滑变形,理应划分为一条断裂,前者是后者自麻扎向西的延伸部分。麻塔-康西瓦断裂共同参与调节了自古生代以来板块碰撞拼合在青藏高原西北部的构造变形,现今西昆仑-帕米尔地区的构造地貌格局正是康西瓦和喀喇昆仑等大型断裂新生代活动而形成的。 相似文献
11.
玉树地震地表破裂与宏观震中 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
2010年4月14日07时49分40.7秒, 青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生MS7.1级地震。通过现场调查发现, 玉树地震形成了东西两条地表破裂带——玉树地表破裂带和隆宝滩地表破裂带, 分别沿玉树活动断裂、隆宝滩活动断裂的上盘发育, 两条地表破裂带均呈NW向延伸, 二者之间相距22km。隆宝滩地表破裂带, 总体走向290°, 长21.5km, 呈左旋走滑运动, 左旋走滑位移量约1m。玉树地表破裂带, 总体走向310°, 长度23km, 可进一步分为三段。西段和中段表现为左旋走滑, 东段表现为左旋走滑逆冲运动。最大左旋走滑位移量在郭央烟宋多附近, 达2.4m。根据地震地表破裂的位移量大小和建筑物破坏情况认为, 玉树地震宏观震中在郭央烟宋多附近, 宏观震中坐标为:北纬33°03′11″、东经96°51′26″。 相似文献
12.
Analyses of deflected river channels, offset of basement rocks, and fault rock structures reveal that slip sense inversion occurred on major active strike-slip faults in southwest Japan such as the Yamasaki and Mitoke fault zones and the Median Tectonic Line (MTL). Along the Yamasaki and Mitoke fault zones, small-size rivers cutting shallowly mountain slopes and Quaternary terraces have been deflected sinistrally, whereas large-size rivers which deeply incised into the Mio-Pliocene elevated peneplains show no systematically sinistral offset or complicated hairpin-shaped deflection. When the sinistral offsets accumulated on the small-size rivers are restored, the large-size rivers show residual dextral deflections. This dextral offset sense is consistent with that recorded in the pre-Cenozoic basement rocks. S–C fabrics of fault gouge and breccia zone developed in the active fault zones show sinistral shear sense compatible with earthquake focal mechanisms, whereas those of the foliated cataclasite indicate a dextral shear sense. These observations show that the sinistral strike-slip shear fabrics were overprinted on dextral ones which formed during a previous deformation phase. Similar topographic and geologic features are observed along the MTL in the central-eastern part of the Kii Peninsula. Based on these geomorphological and geological data, we infer that the slip sense inversion occurred in the period between the late Tertiary and mid-Quaternary period. This strike-slip inversion might result from the plate rearrangement consequent to the mid-Miocene Japan Sea opening event. This multidisciplinary study gives insight into how active strike-slip fault might evolves with time. 相似文献
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渤海海域郯庐走滑断裂带是重要的油气富集带,但是长期以来,该带对大中型油气田控制作用不明确.利用覆盖渤海郯庐断裂带的三维地震资料和400多口钻井资料对渤海海域走滑转换带特征及其与大中型油田形成关系进行了系统的分析.研究认为,新生代以来,渤海海域发育了多类型、多成因、多级次、多期次的走滑转换带;根据转换带在走滑断裂带中发育的位置,可以将渤海海域走滑转换带划分为断边转换带、断间转换、断梢转换带三大类,进一步根据断层的相互作用以及转换带的形态,可以将渤海海域转换带分为S型转换带、叠覆型转换带、双重型转换带、帚状转换带、叠瓦扇型转换带、共轭转换带以及复合转换带7种类型;根据局部应力状态可以分为增压型转换带和释压型转换带;根据转换带的规模,渤海海域走滑转换带可以分为一级转换带、二级转换带和三级转换带;增压型转换带控制了大型有效圈闭的发育、运移条件通畅等大中型油田基本成藏要素,进而控制了大中型油气田的分布. 相似文献
14.
The detailed characteristics of the Paleozoic strike-slip fault zones developed in the northern slope of Tazhong uplift are closely related to hydrocarbon explorations. In this study, five major strike-slip fault zones that cut through the Cambrian-Middle Devonian units are identified, by using 3D seismic data. Each of the strike-slip fault zones is characterized by two styles of deformation, namely deeper strike-slip faults and shallower en-echelon faults. By counting the reverse separation of the horizon along the deeper faults, activity intensity on the deeper strike-slip faults in the south is stronger than that on the northern ones. The angle between the strike of the shallower en-echelon normal faults and the principal displacement zone(PDZ) below them is likely to have a tendency to decrease slightly from the south to the north, which may indicate that activity intensity on the shallower southern en-echelon faults is stronger than that on the northern ones. Comparing the reverse separation along the deeper faults and the fault throw of the shallower faults, activity intensity of the Fault zone S1 is similar across different layers, while the activity intensity of the southern faults is larger than that of the northern ones. It is obvious that both the activity intensity of the same layer in different fault zones and different layers in the same fault zone have a macro characteristic in that the southern faults show stronger activity intensity than the northern ones. The Late Ordovician décollement layer developed in the Tazhong area and the peripheral tectonic events of the Tarim Basin have been considered two main factors in the differential deformation characteristics of the strike-slip fault zones in the northern slope of Tazhong uplift. They controlled the differences in the multi-level and multi-stage deformations of the strike-slip faults, respectively. In particular, peripheral tectonic events of the Tarim Basin were the dynamic source of the formatting and evolution of the strike-slip fault zones, and good candidates to accommodate the differential activity intensity of these faults. 相似文献
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近期研究发现四川克拉通盆地内存在大型走滑断裂带,是断控油气藏勘探开发的有利新领域,走滑断裂的分布与成因对油气目标评价具有重要意义。本文在三维结合二维地震资料解释的基础上,分析走滑断裂的分布与成因类型,并探讨走滑断裂的形成机制。结果表明,川中三维地震工区发育北西向走向为主的大型板内走滑断裂系统;走滑断裂呈雁列、斜列的不连续的带状分布,断裂发育成熟度低,具有断裂样式的多样性与分层分布的差异性;四川盆地存在川中克拉通内走滑断层、川东南帚状走滑构造、川东调节走滑带、川东北楔入走滑带、川西北斜向冲断走滑带等5个地区发育5种类型走滑断裂带;走滑断裂形成于震旦系灯影组沉积晚期,受控于原特提斯洋俯冲背景下的斜向伸展作用,基底北西向先存断裂构造复活,形成了调节斜向伸展裂陷槽的川中板内走滑断裂系统。结果揭示克拉通盆地可能发育大型的板内走滑断裂系统,不同于常规的板缘与板内调节走滑断裂系统。 相似文献
16.
Field investigations reveal spatial variations in fault zone width along strike-slip active faults of the Arima–Takatsuki Tectonic Line (ATTL) and the Rokko–Awaji Fault Zone (RAFZ) of southwest Japan, which together form a left-stepping geometric pattern. The fault zones are composed of damage zones dominated by fractured host rocks, non-foliated and foliated cataclasites, and a fault core zone that consists of cataclastic rocks including fault gouge and fault breccia. The fault damage zones of the ATTL are characterized by subsidiary faults and fractures that are asymmetrically developed on each side of the main fault. The width of the damage zone varies along faults developed within granitic rocks of the ATTL and RAFZ, from ∼50 to ∼1000 m. In contrast, the width of the damage zone within rhyolitic tuff on the northwestern side of the ATTL varies from ∼30 to ∼100 m. The fault core zone is generally concentrated in a narrow zone of ∼0.5–∼5 m in width, consisting mainly of pulverized cataclastic rocks that lack the primary cohesion of the host rocks, including a narrow zone of fault gouge (<0.5 m) and fault-breccia zones either side of the fault. The present results indicate that spatial variations in the width of damage zone and the asymmetric distribution of damage zones across the studied strike-slip faults are mainly caused by local concentrations in compressive stress within an overstep area between left-stepping strike-slip faults of the ATTL and RAFZ. The findings demonstrate that fault zone structures and the spatial distribution in the width of damage zone are strongly affected by the geometric patterns of strike-slip faults. 相似文献
17.
The Dead Sea Basin is a morphotectonic depression along the Dead Sea Transform. Its structure can be described as a deep rhomb-graben (pull-apart) flanked by two block-faulted marginal zones. We have studied the recent tectonic structure of the northwestern margin of the Dead Sea Basin in the area where the northern strike-slip master fault enters the basin and approaches the western marginal zone (Western Boundary Fault). For this purpose, we have analyzed 3.5-kHz seismic reflection profiles obtained from the northwestern corner of the Dead Sea. The seismic profiles give insight into the recent tectonic deformation of the northwestern margin of the Dead Sea Basin. A series of 11 seismic profiles are presented and described. Although several deformation features can be explained in terms of gravity tectonics, it is suggested that the occurrence of strike-slip in this part of the Dead Sea Basin is most likely. Seismic sections reveal a narrow zone of intensely deformed strata. This zone gradually merges into a zone marked by a newly discovered tectonic depression, the Qumran Basin. It is speculated that both structural zones originate from strike-slip along right-bending faults that splay-off from the Jordan Fault, the strike-slip master fault that delimits the active Dead Sea rhomb-graben on the west. Fault interaction between the strike-slip master fault and the normal faults bounding the transform valley seems the most plausible explanation for the origin of the right-bending splays. We suggest that the observed southward widening of the Dead Sea Basin possibly results from the successive formation of secondary right-bending splays to the north, as the active depocenter of the Dead Sea Basin migrates northward with time. 相似文献
18.
AbstractThe classical model of faulting predicts that slip planes occur in two conjugate sets. Theoretically, more sets can be contemporarily active if pre-existing structures are reactivated in a three-dimensional strain field. Four to six sets of faults have been active in the Holocene in the Zailiski Alatau mountain range, Kazakstan. Faults strike with the highest frequency ENE and ESE and show mostly left-lateral reverse and right-lateral reverse motions, respectively. These faults have a bimodal distribution of dips, forming four sets arranged in orthorhombic symmetry. Locally, NNW- to NNE- striking vertical faults have also been active in the Holocene and show right-lateral strike-slip and left-lateral strike-slip motions, respectively. All these fault sets accommodated the general three-dimensional deformation, given by N-S-directed horizontal shortening, vertical extension, and E-W-directed horizontal extension. Field evidence also shows that the reverse motions, even if with a minor strike-slip component, occurred on high-angle planes with inclination of 65°-85°. ENE- and ESE-striking faults reactivated older fracture zones, whereas the other sets are newly formed. Comparison of these field results with the structures obtained from published analogue models shows a strong similarity of fault geometry and kinematics. 相似文献
19.
青海西南部乌丽活动断裂系的地质特征及灾害效应 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
乌丽活动断裂系发育于乌丽山地，是青藏高原北部重要的区域性活动构造体系，由乌丽北山活动断裂、乌丽盆缘活动断裂和乌丽南山活动断裂所组成，主要包括17条不同规模、不同性质的活动断层。大部分活动断层属左旋斜滑断层，部分活动断层为左旋走滑断层。据地质观测资料估算，典型活动断层全新世左旋走滑速度分量为1．2—3．5mm／a、垂直下滑速度分量为0．5—3．5mm／a。沿乌丽活动断裂系发育5条宽100—400m的构造裂缝带、大量串珠状冰丘群与少量移动冰丘，构造裂缝产生的高密度地表破裂和移动冰丘造成的地表拱曲变形是影响青藏铁路、公路线路工程安全的主要地质灾害。 相似文献
20.
要通过在TM遥感图像解译和野外观测的基础上,描述了东昆仑断裂带东段活动形迹的组成和活动断层地貌特征,阐述了甘南高原西秦岭地区新近纪拉分盆地的沉积-构造特征,提出了该区东昆仑-秦岭断裂系晚新生代左旋走滑伸展-走滑挤压-走滑伸展的3个阶段的构造变形模式。指出,中新世晚期至上新世早期,东昆仑-秦岭断裂系以左旋走滑伸展活动为主,伴随着西秦岭地区拉分盆地的形成和超基性火山岩群的发育。这期左旋走滑伸展活动向东扩展导致了渭河盆地新近纪引张应力方向由早期的NE-SW向转变为晚期的NW—SE向。上新世晚期以来(约3．4Ma以前),东昆仑-秦岭断裂系以左旋走滑挤压活动为主,导致早期拉分盆地的轻微褶皱变形,走滑挤压活动主要集中在东昆仑东段玛沁-玛曲主断裂带上。该期构造变动持续到早更新世,它的向东扩展产生了广泛的地壳形变效应,包括青藏东缘岷山隆起带的快速崛起、华北地区汾-渭地堑系的形成和发展以及郯庐断裂带右旋走滑活动等。中、晚更新世时期,断裂系以走滑伸展变形为主,主要集中在东昆仑断裂带东段3个分支上,地块向东挤出伴随着顺时针旋转。 相似文献