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随着断层面形貌测量、宇宙成因核素测年、物理和化学指标测定等一系列先进技术的发展,已有大量的研究案例成功地从基岩断层面上提取了古地震信息,基岩断层面在古地震研究方面的优势被不断发掘。然而,沟谷等地表过程的侵蚀作用,也会使得基岩断层面出露。这种非构造成因的断层面,很容易与构造成因的断层面混淆,却不记录古地震信息。已有的研究工作,缺乏对这两种断层面出露方式的系统研究,更缺少对适合于古地震研究的基岩断层面特征的归纳总结,这将不利于在基岩区开展古地震研究工作。为了解决这一问题,选取了山西地堑系的马家窑和南马庄两处基岩断层面,采用小型无人机航测(s-UAV)结合陆基三维激光扫描(t-lidar)技术,获取了基岩断层面高精度形貌及周围的三维地形数据,将断层面形貌特征的定量分析结果与断层坎精细的地貌解译结合,研究基岩断层面的不同暴露方式下的形貌特征。结果显示,马家窑基岩断层面受沟谷侵蚀而逐渐暴露,表面形貌呈现出连续平滑的特征,不具有地震活动信息。南马庄基岩断层面的形貌显示出明显的阶跃式分带特征,具有分段出露的特点。结合精细地貌解译的结果,这种出露特征可能与周期性的地震活动有关,并识别了两次同震倾滑位移... 相似文献
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基岩潜山油气藏是油气勘探的重要领域。本文以覆盖Bongor盆地主要潜山构造带的高精度三维地震资料,近百口基岩钻井的岩心资料和系统解释成果为基础,对基岩储层的特征、展布规律及影响因素进行精细研究。通过开展岩心观察和镜下分析,明确了Bongor盆地基岩以花岗岩、正长岩和二长岩等岩浆岩和混合花岗岩、片麻岩等变质岩为主,基岩储集空间以破碎的粒间孔、构造裂缝和溶蚀孔洞为主。主要潜山带上的基岩钻井揭示潜山储层纵向上具有分带性,位于潜山顶部的风化壳和破碎带储集条件好,向下进入潜山内部储集条件逐步变差,平面上基岩储层分布广泛,但非均质性强,不同构造部位储层厚度和品质差异较大。通过对潜山构造带的构造恢复和地震、测井、岩心综合研究,明确Bongor盆地潜山储层主要受古构造位置、基岩岩性与矿物成分及构造活动的影响。位于构造高部位的潜山较低部位潜山基岩储层更为发育。长英质矿物较铁镁质矿物脆性强,应力作用下容易产生裂缝,沿着裂缝发生溶蚀而形成孔洞,富长英质矿物层段比铁镁质矿物层段储层品质更好。受构造活动的影响,主要断裂带附近构造裂缝发育,现今最大主应力方向与主要裂缝方向接近,有利于裂缝的张开与保存。基岩储层特征与影响因素的研究为潜山目标评价和钻前储层预测提供了可能。 相似文献
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研究上海及其邻区的地震地质,必然涉及基岩构造及区域大地构造归属问题,本文试图在学习并运用张文佑教授的大地构造理论的基础上,对此作一探讨: 相似文献
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映秀—卧龙公路沿线汶川地震地质灾害研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
映秀—卧龙公路是汶川地震灾区距震中最近、震害最为严重的一条公路,本文对沿线地震地质灾害进行了详细的调查研究。依据震害特征,将沿线震害划分为斜坡中上部强风化岩体及土层失稳、结构面切割岩体崩滑失稳、滑坡、泥石流等4类,并分析了沿线震害发育规律。调查表明:龙门山后山断裂两侧地震地质灾害呈现显著的差异性,主要是由深大断裂的消震隔震效应,地貌放大效应,地质结构等三方面因素决定的。通过134条实测剖面分析,研究了地震失稳斜坡坡度和失稳部位。地震诱发失稳斜坡坡度在33°~84°之间,主要分布在41°~65°之间,可以认为地震诱发斜坡失稳灾害主要发生在40°以上的斜坡。斜坡失稳部位主要分布在斜坡中上部以及地貌突出部位,主要失稳部位在0.4坡高以上。从研究斜坡动力失稳的角度,将沿线斜坡划分为基岩-土层及强风化层斜坡地质结构、不利外倾结构面基岩斜坡地质结构、块状构造基岩斜坡地质结构、块碎石土层斜坡地质结构等几种地质结构模型,分析论述了各种地质结构相应的地震地质灾害类型及特点。 相似文献
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在精细解决近地表地质问题方面,三分量地震探测技术具有明显的优势。笔者基于点散射地震—地质模型,推导出多分量散射波时距方程,在建立多分量散射波成像原理的基础上,对天津蓟县城市活断层探测的三分量地震资料进行处理。成像结果表明,基岩面的波组特征明显、构造内幕特征较丰富,而且基岩面附近的小断层发育。通过研究,基本明确了该地区基岩与第四系土层的接触关系,探明了山前断裂情况和基岩面附近的地质结构特征。 相似文献
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根据工作区潜在震源区划分、潜在震源区地震活动性参数和地震动衰减关系, 进行场地地震危险性分析, 得到不同概率水平下场区相应地震烈度和基岩水平加速度峰值及其反应谱。根据场地工程地震条件划分不同地质单元及相应的场地类别, 进行不同概率水平的地震反应分析计算, 确定地震动设计参数。 相似文献
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利用地震资料进行古地形恢复方法研究及应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
FENG Yan-zhuang )) SONG Wei-qi ) LIU Shi-you ) ) Nanjing Institute of Geology Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing ) Chunliang Oil Production of Shengli Oilfield Company SINOPEC Binzhou ) College of Geo-resources Information China University of Petroleum Dongying 《地层学杂志》2007,(Z2)
在讨论分析地质方法进行古地形恢复方法的基础上,研究了利用地震资料进行古地形恢复的技术方法。针对古地形恢复的几个技术关键问题:等时基准面的选取、压实校正系数的求取及差异构造校正进行讨论分析。综合利用各种基本地质成果,同时结合古构造、现今构造特点等,确定出研究区背景校正经验系数为0.2。就研究的方法对实际研究区目的层段进行了古地形的恢复。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
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正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
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正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
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正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献