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1.
腾冲新生代火山区温泉CO2气体排放通量研究 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
近期研究表明,不仅火山喷发期会向当时的大气圈输送大量的温室气体,火山间歇期同样会释放大量的温室气体。在火山活动间歇期,火山区主要以喷气孔、温(热)泉以及土壤微渗漏等形式向大气圈释放温室气体。腾冲是我国重要的新生代火山区,同时也是重要的水热活动区,那里出露大量的温泉,然而目前未见腾冲火山区温泉气体排放通量的研究报道。本文利用数字皂膜通量仪测量了腾冲新生代火山区温泉中CO2的排放通量。研究结果表明,腾冲新生代火山区温泉向当今大气圈输送的CO2通量达3.58×103 t·a-1,相当于意大利锡耶纳Bassoleto地热区温泉中CO2的排放规模。腾冲火山区温泉的CO2释放通量主要受深部岩浆囊、断裂分布、地下水循环、围岩成分等多方面因素的影响。本文根据温泉中CO2的排放特征,将腾冲温泉分为南北两区,南区温泉CO2通量远高于北区的温泉,热海地热区的通量为腾冲CO2通量的最大值。在北温泉区,CO2通量主要受控于断裂的分布;而在南温泉区,除受到断裂控制外,热海地热区底部的岩浆囊及其与围岩的相互作用成为CO2气体的重要物质来源,同时高温的岩浆囊为温泉及CO2的形成提供了重要热源。 相似文献
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高温地热区土壤微渗漏的温室气体释放通量研究: 以藏南羊八井地热田为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
土壤微渗漏是地球深部的构造-岩浆活动向大气圈释放温室气体的重要形式之一。近年来,国外许多地热区已经开展了土壤微渗漏温室气体释放通量的定量研究,然而,目前我国尚无该方面的系统研究报道。本文阐述了利用密闭气室法测量地热区土壤微渗漏温室气体释放通量的方法和原理,并将其应用于青藏高原的羊八井地热田。根据研究区的地热活动强度,将羊八井地热田划分为土壤微渗漏释放较弱的A区和土壤微渗漏释放较强的B区。计算结果表明,A区和B区的CO2气体释放通量分别为6.7g·m-2·day-1和98.5g·m-2·day-1。两区释放通量的差异主要受控于断裂的发育程度,即A区位于裂谷的中部,断裂发育程度较差,B区靠近念青唐古拉正断层,断裂发育程度较高,为温室气体的逸出提供了良好的运移通道。羊八井地热田土壤微渗漏CO2气体的释放总量约为8.6×104t·a-1,接近于意大利Vulcano火山区的土壤微渗漏温室气体释放规模(1×105t·a-1)。研究区的气体同位素组分测试结果显示,He同位素值介于0.107RA~0.648RA(RA为大气3He/4He比值),δ13C值介于-11.33‰~-6.79‰(vs.PDB),表明羊八井地热田的温室气体可能主要来源于大陆俯冲环境下的加厚陆壳,其温室气体释放通量的规模主要受控于地壳的岩浆活动以及南北向裂谷拉张作用。羊八井地热田所在的拉萨地块是青藏高原温室气体释放活动最强烈的区域之一,以往的研究表明,青藏高原出露大量新生代火山、地热区,开展火山、地热区温室气体释放通量的研究将有助于深入理解地质因素向当今大气圈释放温室气体的规模等与深部碳循环相关的科学问题。 相似文献
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火山温室气体释放通量与观测的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,(4)
火山活动是地球深部碳循环的重要环节,火山区不仅在火山喷发期能够释放温室气体,而且在休眠期也能向大气圈中释放大量的温室气体。在当前全球温室气体减排的背景下,定量化地研究火山区对大气圈温室气体含量增加的贡献,对于识别自然因素和人类因素碳排放的相对规模、为国际碳排放谈判积累基础数据等均具有至关重要的科学价值和现实意义。本文对火山区温室气体的排放方式与特征、温室气体释放通量与成因的研究方法进行了简要概括,并综述了中国新生代典型火山区温室气体释放通量与成因的研究成果。结合国外温室气体排放研究现状,指出深入研究活火山(包括休眠火山)区的温室气体释放通量与成因对于估算火山来源温室气体的释放规模、建立火山未来喷发预测-预警体系、深入理解岩浆脱气过程与机制等问题均具有至关重要的现实意义和科学价值。 相似文献
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腾冲新生代火山区CO2气体释放通量及其成因 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
许多研究结果表明,休眠期火山主要通过喷气孔、温泉以及土壤微渗漏三种方式向大气圈释放温室气体。腾冲是我国重要的新生代火山区之一,同时也是主要的水热活动区,但是关于温室气体释放通量的研究却鲜有报道。本文首次估算了该地区土壤微渗漏和温泉水的CO2释放通量,并根据气体成分的分析结果探讨了这些温室气体的来源。2012~2013年连续两年使用密闭气室法现场测量了土壤微渗漏CO2通量,结果表明,马站、热海-黄瓜箐和五合-蒲川-团田三个地区通量较高,其中,热海-黄瓜箐地区平均通量最高,马站次之,五合-蒲川-团田地区最低。较高的土壤微渗漏CO2释放地区同前人推断的岩浆囊的分布在空间上具有较好的一致性;三个地区气体的3He/4He比值较高,三端元模拟结果表明,它们均有较高含量的幔源He释放;根据气体CO2/3He与δ13CCO,CO2模拟计算,CO2主要来源于碳酸盐矿物的脱碳作用和岩浆脱气。由此推断2的释放同深部的岩浆囊具有重要的成因联系,它为碳酸盐矿物的脱碳作用提供了主要的热源,同时也是重要的物质来源。根据土壤微渗漏CO2平均通量及火山、地热异常区的分布面积估算出三个地区土壤微渗漏CO2的释放通量分别为1.8×106t/a(马站),3.2×106t/a(热海-黄瓜箐)和2.0×106t/a(五合-蒲川-团田)。腾冲新生代火山区每年通过土壤微渗漏向大气圈释放CO2的量至少可达7.0×106t,为意大利Etna火山区释放CO2通量(1.4×107t/a)的二分之一。通过水岩相互作用计算温泉水中CO2气体的释放通量为4.9×104t/a。腾冲温泉气泡及温泉水向大气圈释放CO2气体的总通量为5.3×104t/a,远高于意大利Vulcano火山区温泉释放的CO2总通量(3.7×103t/a)。 相似文献
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中国大陆新生代典型火山区温室气体释放的规模及其成因 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
火山活动能够将地球深部的碳输送到大气圈,是地质碳排放和深部碳循环的重要形式.火山作用不仅在喷发期能够释放大量温室气体,而且在休眠期也能释放巨量的温室气体.在全球变暖的背景下,定量化地研究火山活动对大气圈温室气体含量增加的贡献具有至关重要的意义.本文利用密闭气室法等该领域国际先进的测试技术,测量并计算了长白山、腾冲、五大连池及青藏高原南部的羊八井等典型火山区的温室气体释放规模.结果显示,我国大陆新生代典型火山区向大气圈输送的温室气体总通量约为8.13×106t·a-1,接近107t·a-1级别,相当于全球火山活动导致的温室气体(主要为CO2)释放总量的6%左右.太平洋构造域火山区的温室气体在释放通量与总量方面均低于特提斯构造域,并且太平洋构造域火山气体的地壳混染程度较低,显示出大洋俯冲带与大陆俯冲带火山区温室气体释放的成因差异. 相似文献
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开展对香溪河支流水体的温室气体排放观测,有助于增加对三峡水库支流温室气体排放情况的了解以及水华对温室气体排放的影响.研究采用静态箱-气相色谱法,于2009年10月至2010年10月先后11次开展对香溪河支流水体3种温室气体(二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亚氮)排放强度的观测,结果表明:观测期间香溪河支流的二氧化碳平均排放通量约为76.52 mg/(m2·h),排放强度与水体中叶绿素a浓度呈显著负相关,支流水华期间,二氧化碳排放通量小于0,表现为对大气中二氧化碳的吸收;支流甲烷平均排放通量约为0.244 9 mg/(m2·h);氧化亚氮平均排放水平约为0.011 7 mg/(m2·h).通过将甲烷平均排放水平与三峡水库其它区域开展的研究结果进行对比表明:三峡水库的甲烷排放水平很低,明显不同于已有基于国外水库平均排放水平对三峡水库全区甲烷排放的估算结果. 相似文献
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不同构造域的火山释放CO_2气体的方式、机制和规模具有明显的差异。在全球变暖的大背景下,定量化研究不同类型火山区CO_2气体的释放通量、模拟及计算火山气体的来源演化,对于估算地质源温室气体释放对大气圈温室气体增加的贡献,以及理解地球的深部碳循环过程具有重要意义。近年来,全球火山区CO_2气体释放研究取得了显著进展,尤其在定量研究火山区CO_2气体释放通量的方法、气体源区与地球动力学背景的判定以及不同构造背景的火山区CO_2气体释放特征等领域取得了重大成果。本文综述了不同构造域火山区CO_2气体释放研究的最新成果,详细介绍了我国新生代典型火山地热区的CO_2气体释放研究进展。 相似文献
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夏季长江口潮间带CH4、CO2和N2O通量特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
使用原位静态箱现场采样,对夏季(7月和8月)长江口崇明东滩湿地3种主要温室气体CO2、CH4和N2O的界面通量进行了同步观测.结果表明,夏季低潮滩是大气CH4的排放源(40.2 μg/(m2·h)),CO2和N2O的吸收汇(通量值分别为-86.3 mg/(m2·h),-27.6 μg/(m2·h)).7月和8月中潮滩是3种温室气体的排放源,CH4日平均排放速率达到6.56 mg/(m2·h),CO2为301 mg/(m2·h),N2O为69.9 μg/(m2·h).温度(气温和不同深度地温)、沉积物有机碳含量以及潮滩植被海三棱藨草和沉积物表层藻类的光合和呼吸是决定CH4、CO2、N2O产生、排放和吸收的主要因素.相关分析表明中潮滩气体排放通量与温度(气温和不同深度地温)呈显著正相关关系,但在低潮滩气体通量与温度的相关关系不明显. 相似文献
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为认识水利工程建设对岩溶库区温室气体排放的影响,本文对岩溶区水利工程破坏岩溶水体DIC的稳定性、增加温室气体排放以及水利工程建设所带来的水体富营养化问题进行了初步总结。结果表明,水利工程不仅打破了岩溶水体DIC的自身稳定性,加速水体无机CO2逸出过程,导致CaCO3发生沉淀,而且还通过改变岩溶水动力条件、加速温室气体排放等途径来提高岩溶水体的碳储存、转移、形成与分解过程。与此同时作者还建议:(1)尽快开展岩溶水体温室气体排放的定性分析与定量计算工作,并与不同排放源的温室气体释放效应进行对比;(2)温室气体排放的估算须建立在岩溶碳循环研究基础上,从时间和空间尺度上分析影响岩溶水体温室气体排放过程的关键因素,并把岩溶水体温室气体排放纳入整个岩溶生态系统的生命周期中进行考虑。 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2015,75(3):287-300
The chemical and isotopic characteristics (oxygen, hydrogen, and strontium) of spring waters and isotopic compositions of helium (He) and neon (Ne) in gases escaping from spring waters in the Lanping–Simao Basin are studied. A total of twenty-one spring water samples (twelve hot springs, four cold springs, and five saline springs) and eleven gas samples were collected from the study area, including one spring and one gas sample from northern Laos. It is found that saline spring waters in the study area are of chloride type, cold spring waters are of carbonate type or sulfate type, and hot spring waters are of various types. High total dissolved solids levels in saline springs are significantly related to Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene salt-bearing strata. On the basis of hydrochemical geothermometry, the reservoir temperatures (Tr) for hot springs, cold springs, and saline springs are 65.5–144.1, 37.8–64.4, and 65.1–109.0 °C, respectively, and the circulation depths of saline springs are much larger than those of hot and cold springs. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of springs in the Lanping–Simao Basin and northern Laos are primarily controlled by meteoric waters with obvious latitude and altitude effects, and are also influenced by δ18O exchange to some extent. Most Sr2+ in spring waters of the study area is derived from varied sources (carbonate, evaporite, and silicate mineral dissolution), and the Sr isotopic compositions are greatly influenced by volcanic rocks. Wide distribution of crust-derived He in the Lanping–Simao Basin and northern Laos reveal that faults in these areas may not descend to the upper mantle. It is concluded that water circulation in the study area may be limited above the upper mantle, while saline springs may originate from the Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene evaporites. Hydrochemical characteristics demonstrate affinities among the Lanping–Simao Basin, northern Laos, and Yanjing, eastern Tibet, while disaffinities are observed between these areas and Tengchong on the basis of the hydrochemical characteristics and noble gas isotopic compositions. 相似文献
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Results of the chemical and isotopic analysis of the water and gases discharged from volcanic crater lakes and soda springs located along the Cameroon Volcanic Line were used to characterize and infer their genetic relationships. Variations in the solute compositions of the waters indicate the dominant influence of silicate hydrolysis. Na+ (40–95%) constitutes the major cation in the springs while Fe2+ + Mg2+ (70%) dominate in the CO2-rich lakes. The principal anion is HCO3 (>90%), except in the coastal springs where Cl-predominates. Lakes Nyos and Monoun have FeMgCaHCO3− type signatures; the soda springs are essentially NaHCO3− type, while all other lakes show similar ionic compositions to dilute surface waters. Dissolved gases show essentially CO2 (>90%), with small amounts of Ar and N2, while CH4 constitutes the principal component in the non-gassy lakes. Active volcanic gases are generally absent, except in the Lobe spring with detectable H2S. Stable isotope ratio evidence indicates that the bicarbonate waters are essentially of meteoric origin. CO2 (δ13C = −2 to −8%0 and He (3He/4He = 1 to 5.6Ra) infer a mantle contribution to the total CO2. CH4 has a biogenic source, while Ar and N2 are essentially atmospheric in origin, but mixing is quite common. 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2002,182(2-4):637-654
The inner sector of the Eastern Carpathians displays a large number of Na–HCO3, CO2-rich, meteoric-originated cold springs (soda springs) and bore wells, as well as dry mofettes. They border the southern part of the Pliocene–Quaternary Calimani–Gurghiu–Harghita (CGH) calc-alkaline volcanic chain. Both volcanic rocks and CO2-rich emissions are situated between the eastern part of the Transylvanian Basin and the main east Carpathian Range, where active compression tectonics caused diapiric intrusions of Miocene halite deposits and associated saline, CO2-rich waters along active faults. The regional patterns of the distribution of CO2 in spring waters (as calculated pCO2) and the distribution pattern of the 3He/4He ratio in the free gas phases (up to 4.5 Rm/Ra) show their maximum values in coincidence with both the maximum heat-flow measurements and the more recent volcanic edifices. Moving towards the eastern external foredeep areas, where oil fields and associated brines are present, natural gas emissions become CH4-dominated. Such a change in the composition of gas emissions at surface is also recorded by the 3He/4He ratios that, in this area, assume ‘typical’ crustal values (Rm/Ra=0.02).In spite of the fact that thermal springs are rare in the Harghita volcanic area and that equilibrium temperature estimates based on geothermometric techniques on gas and liquid phases at surface do not suggest the presence of shallow active hydrothermal systems, a large circulation of fluids (gases) is likely triggered by the presence of mantle magmas stored inside the crust. If total 3He comes from the mantle or from the degassing of magmas stored in the crust, CO2 might be associated to both volcanic degassing and thermometamorphism of recently subducted limestones. 相似文献
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《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1999,63(19-20):3357-3372
Lac Pavin is a volcanic crater lake in the Massif Central (France), characterized by a permanent vertical density stratification resulting from a strong and persistent chemocline between about 60 and 70 m depth. The deep water below the chemocline forms the monimolimnion, in which most dissolved ions as well as helium, carbon dioxide, and methane are strongly enriched. The 3He/4He isotope ratio of the excess helium is (9.09 ± 0.01) · 10−6, or (6.57 ± 0.01) Ra. These findings clearly indicate a flux of mantle-derived magmatic gases into the monimolimnion.In order to derive the fluxes of magmatic volatiles into Lac Pavin, it is essential to understand the hydrologic characteristics of the lake. Previously published two-box models have assumed groundwater input at the lake bottom, a short residence time in the monimolimnion, and biogenic origin of the CO2. We propose an alternative model with a flux of magmatic gases, but not of water, into the monimolimnion, and a weak diffusive coupling between the monimolimnion and the overlying mixolimnion which leads to a long deep-water residence time (≈ 70 yr). We reassess the carbon budget of the lake and conclude that the major part of the accumulated CO2 in the monimolimnion is of magmatic origin. From the model-derived water exchange rates, we calculated a mantle 4He flux of (6 ± 2) · 1011 atoms m−2 s−1. This value lies near the lower end of the range found in comparable volcanic lakes. The flux of magmatic CO2 is estimated as (1.2 ± 0.4) · 10−7 mol m−2 s−1, which is also comparatively low. The monimolimnion appears to be in steady state with respect to these fluxes, therefore no further, potentially hazardous, accumulation of CO2 takes place. 相似文献
15.
Acid sulfate-chloride thermal water samples collected together with fumarolic gases from various volcanic areas in northeastern Japan were studied chemically and isotogdically. δ34S (COT) values of sulfate and hydrogen sulfide from these volcanic hot springs range from +4.0 to +31 and from ?15.0 to ?2.0% respectively, with δ34Sys value of +2.5 to +31. The δ34S of the sulfate in the more saline waters tends to become smaller with increasing ratio of SO4 to Cl, although the chemical and isotopic composition of acid thermal water within some areas may be altered by secondary processes during the discharge of the thermal waters. This trend can be explained by the reaction of the volcanic gases, having S/Cl of 4 ~ 7 and total sulfur of ~0% in δ34S, with ground water at 200°C, and/or the removal of sulfide phase depleted in 34S from the acid thermal water formed by the disproportionation of volcanic sulfur. The sulfur species in acid sulfate-chloride thermal water are shown to be volcanic exhalations. 相似文献
16.
地震活动断裂带能够向大气释放大量的温室气体、放射性气体和有毒气体(CO_2、CH_4、Rn和Hg),并对大气环境的影响产生复杂的影响。利用静态暗箱法,对汶川M_s8.0地震破裂带CO_2、Rn和Hg脱气强度进行实地测量,并计算了CO_2和Hg脱气对大气的年贡献量。结果表明:(1)破裂带土壤气中CO_2、CH_4、Rn和Hg异常浓度最大值分别可以达到7.98%、2.38%、524.30k Bq/m~3和161.00ng/m~3;破裂带CO_2、Rn和Hg脱气平均通量是34.95g·m~(-2)d~(-1)、36.11m Bq·m~(-2)s~(-1)和26.56ng·m~(-2)h~(-1),最大值分别达到259.23g·m~(-2)d~(-1)、580.35m Bq·m~(-2)s~(-1)和387.67ng·m~(-2)h~(-1);(2)汶川Ms8.0地震破裂带向大气脱气的CO_2年贡献量是0.95Mt,Hg的年贡献量是15.94kg。汶川Ms8.0地震破裂带破裂CO_2、CH_4、Rn和Hg等的脱气强度,不仅与破裂带渗透率有关,还与断裂带浅部存在的气藏、煤层以及磷矿层等气体源有重要的联系。 相似文献
17.
A preliminary analysis of the formation of travertine and travertine cones in the Jifei hot spring,Yunnan, China 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Yaping Liu Xun Zhou Bin Fang Haiyan Zhou Tsutomu Yamanaka 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(7):1887-1896
The Jifei hot spring emerges in the form of a spring group in the Tibet–Yunnan geothermal zone, southwest of Yunnan Province, China. The temperatures of spring waters range from 35 to 81°C and are mainly of HCO3–Na·Ca type. The total discharge of the hot spring is about 10 L/s. The spring is characterized by its huge travertine terrace with an area of about 4,000 m2 and as many as 18 travertine cones of different sizes. The tallest travertine cone is as high as 7.1 m. The travertine formation and evolution can be divided into three periods: travertine terrace deposition period, travertine cone formation period and death period. The hydrochemical characteristics of the Jifei hot spring was analyzed and compared with a local non-travertine hot spring and six other famous travertine springs. The results indicate that the necessary hydrochemical conditions of travertine and travertine cones deposition in the Jifei area are (1) high concentration of HCO3 − and CO2; (2) about 52.9% deep source CO2 with significantly high value; (3) very high milliequivalent percentage of HCO3 − (97.4%) with not very high milliequivalent percentage of Ca2+ (24.4%); and (4) a large saturation index of calcite and aragonite of the hot water. 相似文献