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马里亚纳俯冲带弧内坡由于俯冲的太平洋板片的侵蚀而出露了相当于弧下地幔成分的橄榄岩,这些橄榄岩是研究岛弧岩浆作用及弧下地幔流体交代作用难得的样品。报道了马里亚纳南部关岛以南的弧内坡橄榄岩的矿物组成、主量元素以及微量元素地球化学特征。这些岩石具有非常难熔的矿物组成:橄榄石具有很高的Mg,斜方辉石中的Al2O3含量极低,尖晶石具有很高的Cr。滑石、蛇纹石和角闪石(透闪石为主,有少量镁角闪石和浅闪石)则指示了流体在中低温度下对橄榄岩的交代作用,并表明流体可能含有较高的SiO2、Al2O3和Na2O。全岩的主量元素中,CaO和Al2O3的质量百分比含量很低,而MgO的含量较高(干体系下多在43%左右),显示岩石经历了高度熔融。微量元素中,U和Sr的含量较高,相对富集,可能是来源较浅的板片流体化学特点的反映。 相似文献
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马里亚纳南部前弧橄榄岩的岩石及矿物学:对弧下地幔楔交代作用的指示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
描述了来自马里亚纳南部前弧的橄榄岩,并对其中的组成矿物进行了电子探针分析,结果显示来自马里亚纳南部前弧橄榄岩中普遍含角闪石,这些角闪石主要为镁角闪石—透闪石系列,其中Al2O3含量变化范围大约为0-10%。橄榄岩中尖晶石的化学组成变化规律与角闪石的出现及其成分有着较好的耦合关系:出现富Al2O3角闪石的橄榄岩中的尖晶石富Al贫Cr;贫Al2O3角闪石大量出现的橄榄岩中尖晶石相对贫Al富Fe3 。这暗示马里亚纳弧下地幔楔橄榄岩经历了两期比较明显的交代作用:①早期较高温压条件下富Al和Ca的含水流体(熔体)的交代作用,消耗斜方辉石,形成富Al2O3角闪石,并引起尖晶石的富Al贫Cr的成分演化;②晚期较低温压条件下富Ca的含水流体(熔体)的交代作用,继续交代残余的斜方辉石,形成贫Al2O3角闪石,并使尖晶石发生富Fe3 贫Al。 相似文献
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马里亚纳弧前蛇纹岩泥火山被认为是认识俯冲作用的直接窗口，其发育的角砾状蛇纹岩富含的流体流动性元素（FMEs）记录了引起蛇纹石化作用的流体和俯冲带的流体-岩石相互作用及元素循环等信息。本文整理了马里亚纳弧前物源深度逐渐增加的5座蛇纹岩泥火山（Yinazao、Fantangis?a、Asùt Tesoru、South Chamorro和Conical）发育角砾蛇纹岩的FMEs数据，通过不同泥火山、同一泥火山不同深度样品及同一块状样微区子样品间的FMEs特征对比，分析了蛇纹岩泥火山引起的蛇纹石化作用的流体性质、来源和形成机制。5座蛇纹岩泥火山角砾蛇纹岩的FMEs均较亏损地幔（DM）显示富集特征：B、Cs、As强烈富集（常>100×DM）,Li、Rb、Sb中等富集（>10×DM）,Ba、Sr、Pb弱富集（<10×DM）。浅源泥火山角砾蛇纹岩中B、Sr、Ba、Pb含量最高，且由浅源至深源泥火山其含量呈逐渐减少的趋势。而Li、Rb、Cs、As、Sb含量显示相反特征，浅源泥火山的角砾蛇纹岩中含量最低，且从浅源到深源泥火山其含量逐渐增加。不同泥火山角砾蛇纹岩FMEs具有系统性变化特征... 相似文献
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雅浦沟-弧体系具有十分独特的地质特征,雅浦岛弧以变质岩为主,岛弧岩浆作用较为缺乏,同时雅浦沟-弧距离异常短,增生楔缺失。在总结雅浦沟-弧系统及其邻区的地球化学、地球物理以及构造特征等证据的基础上,探讨了雅浦沟-弧系统的构造演化过程。雅浦岛上的变质基底具有相对较高的K_2O含量、高Ti含量以及较低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值,表明雅浦岛上的变质基底为帕里西维拉海盆洋壳的一部分。雅浦海沟东侧存在一块水深较深的三角形区域将雅浦岛弧与加罗林海岭间隔开来,地球物理特征显示该区域并没有受到加罗林热点的影响,说明加罗林海岭并没有与雅浦岛弧直接碰撞。结合帕里西维拉海盆在20～15 Ma的NE-SW向扩张以及与之相关的海盆东西两侧洋壳发生的左旋相对移动,推测雅浦海沟很可能是雅浦岛弧东侧的扩张中心暴露转变成的俯冲带,而雅浦海沟东侧的三角形区域则为俯冲板片重新暴露的结果。 相似文献
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弧—陆碰撞是俯冲带发生的主要造山过程之一。在西太平洋 ,台湾、帝汶和巴布亚新几内亚还发生着活跃的弧—陆碰撞。其中台湾的构造是最不复杂的 ,因而其地质记录得以较好地保存下来。以前对台湾弧—陆碰撞的研究基本上依据陆地地质和地球物理 ,近年来台湾东部和南部的海洋调查极有助于更好地了解台湾弧—陆碰撞的演化。笔者综合了１９°～２５°Ｎ、１１９°～１２２°Ｅ的陆地与海洋资料 ,提出台湾陆上及其周边地区现今同时依序发生着４个地球动力学过程（洋内俯冲、初始弧—陆碰撞、高级弧—陆碰撞、弧的塌陷／俯冲）。台湾４个地球动力学… 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2021,41(1)
熔体包裹体是在矿物生长过程中被包裹的硅酸盐小液滴,由于寄主矿物的保护,受最小程度的后期岩浆作用影响,可以有效的保留原始岩浆组成、地幔源区性质及岩浆演化过程等重要信息。熔体包裹体的研究可以弥补传统全岩因受后期复杂地质过程影响而导致部分信息失真的不足。文章简要总结了熔体包裹体的主要研究领域及分析测试技术,概述了国内外关于西太平洋典型弧后盆地火山岩中熔体包裹体研究的相关进展。冲绳海槽、劳海盆及北斐济海盆内熔体包裹体的研究证明了地幔源区不均一性的特征,明确了岩浆物质来源及俯冲物质在源区的加入;马里亚纳海槽和马努斯海盆熔体包裹体内挥发份研究指示了俯冲板片物质对弧后盆地岩浆源区挥发份组成的贡献;马努斯海盆熔体包裹体中金属元素浓度分析表明岩浆流体可为海底热液系统提供成矿金属;此外,马里亚纳海槽和冲绳海槽熔体包裹体测温实验反映出岩浆多期次的演化过程。尽管熔体包裹体在西太平洋弧后盆地岩浆活动的很多方面有了一定研究,但各弧后盆地研究参差不齐、综合研究程度低。将来在进一步完善熔体包裹体测试分析手段基础上,加大熔体包裹体在弧后盆地的研究力度,有助于我们更清晰地认识弧后盆地岩浆源区物质组成,明确俯冲作用下弧后盆地岩浆来源及物质转化机制。 相似文献
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新几内亚-所罗门弧(PN-SL)位于印度-澳大利亚板块与太平洋板块汇聚边界、新特提斯构造域东端。晚白垩世以来,逐渐演化形成复杂的沟-弧-盆-台、俯冲时序完整的俯冲构造体系。受多期次、多类型板块俯冲起始作用的制约,PN-SL俯冲体系深部结构呈现出明显的空间差异性:板块俯冲深度由500 km减小至不足100 km,板块俯冲角度则由70°减小至30°。俯冲体系东侧毗邻的翁通爪哇海台作为世界上最大的海台,其显著的"凸起"构造以及低密度结构,重新塑造了PN-SL俯冲体系的构造格局,但不同于低密度结构俯冲诱发海沟位置后移、俯冲极性反转二元经典模式,弧后所罗门海盆发生反向俯冲的同时,中新世以来呈现出NW向、NE向和SW向的多向俯冲过程。这意味着翁通爪哇海台与PN-SL俯冲体系汇聚形变过程并非仅依据板块密度变化来简单解释,需要考虑其复杂的构造环境和诸多的构造要素。特别是作为岩石圈强度的重要影响因子—俯冲体系流体活动,导致岩石圈强度减弱、熔点降低的同时,伴随板块俯冲向地球深部运移,促使板片脱水并与地幔楔发生水化交代作用,进而改变壳幔物质组成及流变学性质,诱发地幔楔部分熔融和岛弧岩浆活动,是理解板块俯冲构造动力的关键切入点。 相似文献
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对采自太平洋洋中脊(277组)、印度洋洋中脊(159组)、马里亚纳海槽(53组)、马里亚纳岛弧(39组)、中南劳海盆(72组)共600组玄武岩数据进行了独立成分分析,从Sr-Nd-Pb五维同位素比值空间提取出占样本方差99%的3个独立成分(IC1,IC2,IC3),并利用这3个独立成分(ICs)与微量元素比值之间的相关性来讨论独立成分的起源。分析结果表明:IC1可以将马里亚纳海槽玄武岩与太平洋洋中脊及马里亚纳岛弧玄武岩区分,并且IC1值与(La/Sm)N比值呈正相关。IC2可以将马里亚纳海槽和马里亚纳岛弧玄武岩区分,而且IC2值与Ba/Th比值呈正相关;IC3可以将弧后盆地和洋中脊玄武岩区分,同时IC3值与Th/Nb呈负相关。分析独立成分的统计特征和微量元素比值特征可知,IC1与印度洋型MORB地幔的富集组分相关,IC2与太平洋板块俯冲产生的含水流体相关,IC3与再循环俯冲沉积物熔体相关。根据ICs地理分布特点,我们认为:1)马里亚纳海槽北部比南部受到更多印度洋型MORB地幔富集组分的影响,表明印度洋型MORB地幔可能从北部置换太平洋型MORB地幔;2)海槽北部地幔源区则是受到再循环沉积物熔体的影响较大,而中部和南部地幔源区可能受到更多俯冲流体的影响。 相似文献
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为探究马里亚纳海沟浮游病毒生态特征的垂直变化规律,本研究于2015年12月采集马里纳亚海沟表层到8727m共六层水样,对浮游病毒丰度,浮游细菌丰度,微微型浮游植物丰度以及裂解性浮游病毒生产力进行了分析。流式细胞技术分析结果表明,马里亚纳海沟各层浮游病毒丰度范围为1.27×105—1.93×106VLP/mL,其中表层丰度最高,随后逐渐降低,最低值出现在3699m处。而在深渊海沟区域内病毒丰度略有上升,最深处8727m病毒丰度为2.85×105VLP/mL。马里亚纳海沟裂解性浮游病毒生产力变化范围为2.86×104—4.21×105VLP/(mL·h),其垂直分布呈现出与浮游病毒丰度相似的趋势,生产力最高值出现在表层,随后在相对较低的水平变动,而在深渊海沟区域内随深度略微上升, 8727m处生产力为4.08×104VLP/(mL·h)。同时本文根据假定的研究区域浮游病毒平均裂解量及宿主平均有机物质含量计算出病毒导致的细菌死亡率(VMM)以及相应的有机碳和有机氮释放量,其中VMM变化范围为1.59×103—2.34×104cells/(mL·h),8727m处VMM为2.27×103cells/(mL·h)。而每小时病毒导致的细菌死亡数在总细菌数量中占比在8727m处最低,为4.6%,这表明浮游病毒在深海环境中的侵染活性相对较低,可能由于极端环境下浮游病毒多以溶源状态存在。在深渊海沟内部观察到相对较高的浮游病毒丰度以及相对较低的病毒生产力水平,表明该水域浮游病毒死亡率较低,这或许与海沟内温度极低且环境相对隔离有关。各层浮游病毒丰度及生产力与环境因子间相关性分析结果表明,浮游病毒丰度和生产力均与浮游细菌丰度表现出较高的正相关关系(P0.05),同时病毒生产力也表现出与温度的显著正相关性,表明浮游病毒的活跃程度主要依赖于宿主细胞的浓度以及海水温度。 相似文献
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Suspended matter was collected at 30 stations in the Baltic and Kattegatt, at the thermocline and at the bottom, and analysed for Na, Ca, Mg, Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Ba, Sr, Ni and V. The composition of the suspended matter varies considerably, but can be described as a mixture of: (1) 12–25% terrigenous detritus with much Si, Al, Ti and Fe; (2) 75–88% biological matter with much Ni, V and Ba; and (3) some Mn-oxyhydroxide.The annual efflux of water from the Baltic is about 460 km3, with a suspended load in the Baltic straits of ～1.2–3.6 mg ash material l?1 These values imply that much Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Sr, Ni and V and particularly much Ba and Mn are lost from the Baltic in the suspended load.The average suspended matter is richer in Mn(5×), Ba(2.5×), Sr(4×) and V(1.8×) than permanently depositing Baltic sediments. These constituents are relatively enriched in pelagic deposits, i.e. it is likely that much Mn, Ba and V in deep-sea sediments derive from the continents via suspended transport. This conclusion is supported by the similarity between suspended matter and average Atlantic pelagic sediment. 相似文献
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635 samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM), collected in the St. Lawrence river and estuary during periods of high and low river flow from a series of individual and anchor stations on a transect traversing the turbidity maximum zone, as well as two sediment box cores, were analyzed for Al, Si, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn.An abrupt change in elemental composition occurs when traversing the front at the landward edge of the turbidity maximum. As the SPM concentration increases across the front from 20–200 mg l?1, the Ca/Al and Mg/Al ratios of the SPM increase and the Si/Al, Fe/Al and Mn/Al ratios decrease. The almost 50% decrease of the Mn/Al ratio is not related to changes in salinity. Within the turbidity maximum the tidal-averaged Si/Al, Ca/Al, Mg/Al and Fe/Al ratios of the SPM do not differ significantly from the landward to the seaward end of the turbidity zone, but on one tidal station the ratios of Si, Ca and Fe to Al are significantly lower at high river flow than at low flow. The Mn/Al ratio is insensitive to the extreme variations of either salinity (0.6–30‰) or SPM concentrations (10–480 mg l?1) within the turbidity zone. A tendency for higher Mn/Al ratios to be associated with near-bottom SPM, observed in the center of the turbidity zone during the low river flow period, is well developed in the lower reaches of the zone.Diagenetic mobilization within the rare fine-grained bottom sediments of the turbidity maximum is responsible for changes in Mn and Fe content of particulate matter, and early settling of coarse-grained components and size sorting within the zone are responsible for other compositional changes. Local sources, desorption and precipitation are apparently of secondary importance. The depletion of both Mn and Fe in the SPM and sediment of the upper estuary implies a net seaward escape of diagenetically mobilized metal. 相似文献
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本文利用电子探针对南海西沙群岛琛航岛珊瑚礁底部火山碎屑岩中的单斜辉石矿物的化学特征进行了研究。结果表明，该单斜辉石属于富钙透辉石，部分有正环带结构，从核部到边部Ca、Fe、Ti的含量逐渐增加，是岩浆正常结晶顺序的反映，说明该区域的岩浆演化是向着富Ca、Fe、Ti方向发展的。主量元素数据显示，单斜辉石具有低Si高Al的特征(SiO2=41.40%～48.44%，Al2O3=5.54%～10.20%)，且AlⅣ含量较高，说明母岩浆为不饱和碱性岩浆系列；此外，单斜辉石Ca含量偏高，Ca/(Ca+Mg+Fe)值在46.1%～51.4%之间，推测是母岩浆的高Ca含量导致了大量高钙辉石的产出。结合西沙海域的地震和构造资料，推测琛航岛珊瑚礁的基底是玄武质火山碎屑岩组成的平顶状海山，系岩浆穿过断裂发育的岩石圈层在西沙群岛的海底喷发，随后火山碎屑物质经过堆积、固结作用而形成；该火山碎屑岩的原岩为板内碱性玄武岩。 相似文献
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山东半岛东部海域表层沉积物元素组成及物源指示意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对山东半岛东部海域表层沉积物常量、微量元素、有机碳(TOC)以及碳酸盐(CaCO3)等指标的分析,研究了该海域表层沉积物元素组成特征及其控制因素,并对物质来源进行了探讨。结果表明,山东半岛东部海域表层沉积物元素的平均组成与上陆壳(UCC)相比Al,K,Na,Mg,Fe,Ca,Cu和Zn等元素,相对较低,而Mn,Co,Ni,Cr以及REE元素含量较高,Si和Ti与UCC的含量相当。研究区砂粒级沉积物轻重稀土分异明显,(La/Yb)N值与韩国河流的非常相近;其余粒级沉积物LREE分异较弱,标准化曲线与黄河沉积物的具有相似性。研究区沉积物的元素含量主要受控于源岩组成,存在明显的"粒级效应"。除此之外,Fe-Mn氧化物、生物碳酸盐等因素对元素组成产生一定影响。沉积物物源判别结果显示,山东半岛近岸及其东南部沉积物主要来源于黄河,该区域沉积物分布受山东半岛沿岸流及近岸潮流影响。研究区东北部为残留砂,其沉积物元素组成特征与朝鲜半岛和鸭绿江沉积物组成相近,表明研究区东北部砂质区沉积物代末次冰期低海平面时可能由朝鲜半岛或鸭绿江供应。 相似文献
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In sediments of the Central Pacific, water depth is the controlling factor of the distribution of Si, Al, Fe and CaCO, .In the shallow and subabysmal areas, CaCO3 content is much greater than that in the abysmal areas where Si, Al and Fe contents are much lower than those in shallow and subabysmal areas. The contents of Si, Al, and Fe increase and that of CaCO3 decrease with the variation of grain size of sediments from coarse to fine. The contents of Al, Si, and Fe are positively related to each other and the content of CaCO3 is negatively related to that of the three elements. The evident regularities of the distribution of Si, Al, Fe and CaCO, in the sediments have revealed to a certain extent that they may be used as the environmental indicators in some cases. 相似文献
18.
The relative importance of buffering and brine inputs in controlling the abundance of Na and Ca in sedimentary formation waters 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stephanie Houston Craig SmalleyAdam Laycock Bruce W.D. Yardley 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(6):1242-1251
The concentration of Ca in the formation waters of petroleum reservoirs can play a major role in influencing the outcome of a number of processes that are of great significance to the oil industry. For example, formation water Ca concentration affects the risk of carbonate scale formation during production. In order to better understand the concentrations of Ca in formation waters, we have investigated the chemistries of formation waters from a range of onshore and offshore basins worldwide, using published sources, as well as unpublished data held by BP. Although calcium and sodium are the principal cations in almost all formation waters they vary enormously in their relative proportions. We have identified three distinct trends on a plot of XCa (Ca/(Na + Ca)) against Cl. Most data lie on a high-Ca trend, here termed Trend 1, and show an increase in XCa with salinity. We interpret this as tracking equilibration with Ca and Na-bearing minerals, with the ratio (mol Ca/mol Na2) remaining approximately constant irrespective of salinity for chloride-dominated fluids. At very high salinities, Br-enriched bittern brines that have taken part in dolomitisation lie at the Cl-rich end of this trend. Some brines remain Na-dominated up to very high salinities and define a distinct low-Ca trend, Trend 2. These are associated with dissolution of halite beds and are interpreted to arise when the amount of Na in the pore fluid greatly exceeds the amount of Ca available in minerals. We refer to such brines as mass-limited; the sparsity of Ca in the rock-fluid system constrains XCa to a low value. Remarkably few brines lie between these trends. Finally, dilute formation waters show very large variations in XCa and may have bicarbonate as the dominant anion. They define a distinct low-Cl trend, Trend 3. We conclude that the behaviour of Na and Ca in most formation waters reflects equilibration with minerals, and concentrations of Ca in solution are sensitive to pH and PCO2 as well as to chloride concentration. For some brines however, the amount of salts in solution is sufficient to overwhelm the buffering capacity of the wallrocks. 相似文献
19.
Shizuko Hirata 《Marine Chemistry》1985,16(1):23-46
Phosphorus and metals bound to organic matter were separated from coastal sediments of Harima Sound in Seto Inland Sea, Japan by extraction with NaOH and fractionated by Sephadex G-25 chromatography. Phosphorus and metals were determined in the eluates by a multi-channel, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. Phosphorus and Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co and Ti bound to organic matter with high molecular weights (OMHMW) (MW ? 5000) were found to be present in the sediments, but no Mo or V were found. The technique provides minimum estimates of the amounts of P and metals bound to organic matter. These organic complexes show surface enrichment in a sediment core (0–20 cm) and their contents decrease with depth. Also, the amounts of eighteen elements, namely: P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Si, Al, Ti, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Mo, V, Na, K, Ca and Mg, in H2O, ammonium acetate at pH 7 and 5, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and hydrogen fluoric acid soluble fractions have been determined with a selective chemical leaching technique for the 210Pb-dated sediment core sample. Considerable amounts of P (6–19%) and Cu (5–21%) were associated with organic matter, in contrast to other metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Co and Ti which were associated with sulfide and silicate. 相似文献