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1.
东海、黄海浮游病毒及异养细菌的分布研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用流式细胞仪对2009年春季东海、黄海浮游病毒和异养细菌的丰度进行了大尺度(119.5°—129°E, 25°—39°N)研究, 并分析了浮游病毒丰度、异养细菌丰度以及其与环境因子之间的相关性。结果表明, 研究海域浮游病毒、异养细菌的丰度范围分别为3.38×105—2.26×107个/mL(平均6.24×106个/mL)、5.83×103—1.23×106个/mL(平均1.22×105个/mL)。在水平分布上, 浮游病毒与异养细菌的变化趋势基本一致, 且均在山东半岛周边养殖海域、浙江东南沿海养殖区及舟山渔场北部形成明显的高值区; 黄海浮游病毒与异养细菌的丰度平均值均高于东海。在垂直分布上, 东海浮游病毒与异养细菌丰度值随水深呈明显下降趋势, 表层丰度值与30m以下各层差异显著(P<0.05); 在黄海, 二者丰度随水深降低趋势不明显。Pearson相关性分析显示: 调查海域浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度显著正相关(r =0.288, P<0.01), 浮游病毒丰度与温度显著负相关(r = -0.243, P<0.05), 异养细菌丰度与盐度显著负相关(r = -0.245, P<0.05)。 相似文献
2.
运用荧光显微技术分析北黄海夏季浮游病毒的分布 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
运用荧光显微技术(Epifluorescence Microscopy,EFM),对2006年夏季北黄海水域31个站点的病毒丰度进行了检测,对浮游病毒丰度在水平分布,垂直分布和昼夜变化上进行了探讨.北黄海水域浮游病毒直接检测量(Virus Direct Count,VDC)为(1.58×106～1.38×107)/mL,平均为5.86×106/mL.在水平分布上,表层、30 m和底层水在辽东半岛头部附近出现了病毒较高区域,近海水域的病毒丰度较中部水域高(P＜0.05).在垂直分布上,表层浮游病毒丰度高于30 m水层和底层(P＜0.05).在昼夜变化上,表层水体中浮游病毒量有明显的变化,10 m水层和30 m水层的病毒丰度昼夜变化较明显,底层病毒丰度昼夜趋势平缓.利用多元相关分析可知,北黄海夏季浮游病毒丰度与站位总水深(P＜0.01)和盐度(P＜0.05)成一定的负相关性,与温度无明显相关性(P＞0.05). 相似文献
3.
2015年12月在马里亚纳海沟"挑战者深渊"进行了定点样品采集,对温度、盐度、溶解氧、pH等环境参数进行了分析,讨论了营养盐的垂直分布特征、各形态营养盐结构特征及影响因素。研究发现,溶解氧在表层具有最大值,在1000 m左右出现极小值,而在8700 m深度具有较高溶解氧值(5.79 mg·L^-1),这可能与富氧水团的存在有关。硝酸盐表层含量较低,在1000和5367 m处出现双峰值。在表层水体中,溶解有机氮、磷是溶解总氮、溶解总磷的主要存在形式,表层以深,溶解无机氮、磷逐渐占据主导地位。磷酸盐表层含量最低,在1000 m处达到最大值,之后随着深度的增加浓度逐渐降低;硅酸盐在表层含量较低,在约4000 m处有最大值161.65μmol·L^-1,在4000 m以深,硅酸盐仍维持较高浓度。结果表明马里亚纳海沟"挑战者深渊"的溶解氧、pH及营养盐的垂直分布特征与大洋环流、海沟形态以及生物活动密切相关。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(6)
秦皇岛作为中国北方重要水产养殖基地,年年爆发褐潮,对当地生态环境造成巨大影响。针对微微型真核浮游生物、浮游病毒和浮游细菌三大类群,进行了褐潮前中2个时期丰度和群落结构及其主要影响因素的分析。本研究利用流式细胞仪技术对褐潮前期和褐潮中期秦皇岛近岸海域微微型真核浮游生物、浮游细菌和浮游病毒的丰度分布特征进行了研究;利用病毒宏基因组技术、18SrDNA V9区和16SrDNA V4~V5高通量测序技术对超微型浮游生物各个类群进行多样性研究。研究发现,褐潮中期微微型真核浮游生物丰度平均值为27.50×103个/mL,浮游细菌丰度平均值为1.97×105个/mL,浮游病毒丰度平均值为9.65×105 VLP/mL。褐潮中期藻类DNA病毒含量提高(20.30%);不等鞭毛虫门为微微型真核浮游植物主要优势类群;变形菌门为浮游细菌主要优势类群。海水生态系统中超微型浮游生物的多样性及丰度对褐潮的发生具有较高敏感性,未来,针对海洋超微型浮游生物的研究,对进一步了解褐潮机制和寻求褐潮消解方法提供了新的角度和思路。 相似文献
5.
模拟了厦门沿岸海区病毒裂解产物对于自然细菌群落的影响.实验过程中基于不同过滤方式收集的细菌、病毒种群和病毒裂解产物,通过室内模拟培养方式,结合流式细胞计数和总有机碳分析仪分析病毒、细菌丰度和有机碳含量等技术,研究浮游细菌在病毒裂解产物添加下的生长变化.实验结果显示,去除原生生物捕食者的浮游细菌丰度在整个培养过程中持续增加,特别是病毒裂解产物添加组中的细菌类群的增长程度明显,其丰度在5 d的培养时间内从2.76×105cells/cm3上升至1.90×106cells/cm3;而在无病毒裂解产物添加组中其丰度仅仅从3.0×105cells/cm3上升至1.39×106cells/cm3;相对于无病毒裂解产物添加组,培养周期内细菌丰度均值在病毒裂解产物添加组中的绝对增量约为3.64×105cells/cm3,这表明此研究海区的病毒裂解产物在模拟原位环境的培养体系中可快速地被环境中的其他细菌类群吸收、利用,并且在丰度上产生显著影响(p0.05).结合病毒丰度变化以及细菌细胞裂解释放量、细胞碳含量的关系估算了收集来的病毒裂解产物在培养体系中释放的碳量大约为2.12~7.67μg/(dm3·d);它被浮游细菌用于丰度增长方面的贡献大约22.47%~81.25%.此外,在培养过程中,溶解有机碳的浓度在病毒裂解产物添加组中的变化相对于无病毒裂解产物添加组缓慢,但总体上两者随时间变化逐渐减少,它们间的均值差值约为1.04μmol/dm3;结合对应的细菌丰度增量,估算出培养体系中浮游细菌碳含量大约为34.29fg/cell.上述结果揭示了厦门沿岸海域内病毒裂解产物在维持细菌群落多样性和生长繁殖方面的重要生态作用. 相似文献
6.
为揭示太湖水体中浮游病毒的分布规律,了解其在微食物环中的生态功能,2013年9月至2014年5月间,采用SYBR Green I荧光显微计数法,研究了太湖水体中浮游病毒的时空分布特征,并探讨了影响水体中病毒丰度的主要环境因子。结果表明:(1)太湖水体中浮游病毒的丰度具有显著的空间差异,网围养殖区的病毒丰度较高,为(3.52±0.28)×107 ind./m L,敞水区的病毒丰度较低,为(4.06±0.90)×106 ind./m L;(2)浮游病毒的丰度也具有显著的时间差异,秋季浮游病毒的丰度为(2.83±0.74)×107ind./m L,显著大于春季(3.11±0.67)×106ind./m L;(3)太湖水体中浮游病毒的丰度与叶绿素a浓度之间具有显著的正相关性,但与异养细菌丰度间的相关性不显著,表明太湖水体浮游病毒以浮游藻类病毒为主。 相似文献
7.
8.
利用流式细胞仪对南黄海秋季浮游病毒丰度在水平分布和垂直分布上的特征进行了研究,并分析了浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌、微微型浮游植物等宿主丰度以及环境因子的相关性.结果表明,该海区秋季浮游病毒丰度在(2.22×106)-(1.60× 107)ind/ml之间,平均值8.32×106ind/ml.病毒丰度在调查海域的东北和中南部海域出现高值区,在西南部出现低值区,且浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度的平面分布趋势较一致.在表层、中层和底层水体,浮游病毒丰度平均值分别为8.63×106、7.83×106、8.49×106ind/ml,表层和底层丰度无显著差异,但均高于中层(P＜0.05).相关性分析表明,浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度、VBR呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与微微型真核浮游植物丰度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),与聚球藻、水深、水温、盐度、溶氧、叶绿素a浓度无明显相关性(P＞0.05). 相似文献
9.
2012年夏季中国第5次北极科学考察期间,对北冰洋楚科奇海及其北部边缘海浮游细菌丰度和生产力进行了测定,并将其与环境因子进行了相关性分析。结果显示,楚科奇海浮游细菌丰度的变化范围为0.56×108~6.41×108 cells/dm3,平均为2.25×108 cells/dm3;细菌生产力介于0.042~1.92mg/(m3·d)(以碳计)之间,平均为0.54mg/(m3·d)(以碳计),与已有研究结果基本相当。陆架区细菌丰度和生产力要明显高于北部边缘区,但前者的单位细菌生产力则较低。与环境因子的相关性分析显示,细菌丰度与温度和叶绿素a浓度存在显著正相关(p0.01),表明北极变暖导致的海水升温及浮游植物生物量的增加均会促进细菌的生长,从而进一步提高细菌在海洋生态系统和碳循环中的作用。但陆架区的细菌生产力与环境参数均没有显著相关性,表明其影响因素较为复杂;生产力在北部边缘区则仅与叶绿素a存在显著正相关(p0.01),表明浮游植物生长过程产生的溶解有机碳(DOC)是细菌生长最为主要的碳源,碳源的单一可能制约细菌的生产从而导致该海域无冰状态下细菌丰度的增加不如预期,但融冰过程带来的大量DOC将促进细菌活性的增加。 相似文献
10.
渤海浮游病毒的时空分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用流式细胞仪对渤海浮游病毒的丰度分布进行了研究。结果表明, 浮游病毒丰度在6.40 ×105—3.59 × 107个/mL之间。辽东湾断面, 浮游病毒丰度春季在西部海域较高, 夏季在中部海域较高, 秋、冬季在东、西部海域均较高; 渤海湾断面, 4 季丰度均在中部海域出现高值区; 莱州湾断面, 夏、秋、冬季均在东部海域出现丰度高值区; 渤海海峡断面, 春、秋、冬季于海峡中部海域丰度较高。垂直分布上, 表层和底层水体浮游病毒丰度在夏季差异性显著, 在其它季节无显著差异。夏季浮游病
毒丰度显著高于其它季节。夏季, 连续站浮游病毒丰度昼夜波动幅度较大, 冬季较平缓。相关性分析表明, 浮游病毒丰度在春、夏、秋季均与温度显著正相关; 夏季与异养细菌丰度、微微型真核浮游植物丰度显著正相关; 秋季与微微型浮游植物丰度显著正相关; 冬季仅与异养细菌丰度显著正相关。 相似文献
11.
R. Danovaro N. Della Croce A. Dell&#x;Anno A. Pusceddu 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2003,50(12):1411-1420
The Atacama trench, the deepest ecosystem of the southern Pacific Ocean (ca. 8000 m depth) was investigated during the Atacama Trench International Expedition. Sediments, collected at three bathyal stations (1040–1355 m depth) and at a hadal site (7800 m) were analyzed for organic matter quantity and biochemical composition (in terms of phytopigments, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids), bacterial abundance, biomass and carbon production and extracellular enzymatic activities. Functional chlorophyll-a (18.0±0.10 mg m−2), phytodetritus (322.2 mg m−2) and labile organic carbon (16.9±4.3 g C m−2) deposited on surface sediments at hadal depth (7800 m) reached concentrations similar to those encountered in highly productive shallow coastal areas. High values of bacterial C production and aminopeptidase activity were also measured (at in situ temperature and 1 atm). The chemical analyses of the Atacama hadal sediments indicate that this trench behaves as a deep oceanic trap for organic material. We hypothesize that, despite the extreme physical conditions, benthic microbial processes might be accelerated as a result of the organic enrichment. 相似文献
12.
采用荧光显微技术,对2006年长江口及近海水域20个站点的表层及10m层或潜水体冬、春两季的浮游病毒丰度进行了检测,对浮游病毒丰度在季节（冬、春两季）、水平分布和垂直分布上的变化进行了探讨.调查区浮游病毒丰度在冬、春季节上并无明显差异,但在水平分布上存在很大差异,河口区浮游病毒直接检测量（Virus Direct Count, VDC）达到10^7个/ml,近海水域VDC为10^6个/ml,河口区的浮游病毒丰度都明显高于近海水域病毒丰度 （P＜0.01）.在垂直分布上,冬、春两季长江口水域水深小于10m的站位,表层浮游病毒丰度与底层病毒丰度无明显差别,水深大于10m的站位,表层水样的浮游病毒丰度都高于10m水层病毒丰度,说明长江口浮游病毒的垂直分布与站位总水深有关.还通过比较各站点VDC与叶绿素a含量的数据,分析了二者之间的相关性：冬季浮游病毒丰度与叶绿素a含量成正相关性;春季浮游病毒丰度与叶绿素a含量成负相关性,但病毒丰度受叶绿素a含量的影响仅为10%-11%. 相似文献
13.
Uncovering the role of environmental factors and finding critical factors which harbor significant fractions in governing microbial communities remain key questions in coastal marine systems. To detect the interactions between environmental factors and distributions of virio-and bacterioplankton in trophic coastal areas, we used flow cytometry to investigate the abundance of virio-and bacterioplankton covering 31 stations in the Bohai Sea of China. Our results suggested that the average abundance of total virus(TV) in winter(～2.29×10~8 particles/mL)was slightly lower than in summer(～3.83×10~8 particles/mL). The mean total bacterial abundance(TB) was much lower in winter(～2.54×107 particles/mL) than in summer(～5.43×10~7 particles/mL). Correlation analysis via redundancy analysis(RDA) and network analysis among virioplankton, bacterioplankton and environmental factors revealed that the abundances of viral and bacterial subpopulations depend on environmental factors. In winter, only temperature significantly influenced the abundances of virio-and bacterioplankton. In summer, in addition to temperature, both salinity and nutrient(SiO_2) had a remarkable impact on the distribution of virioand bacterioplankton. Our results showed a clear seasonal and trophic pattern throughout the whole water system, which revealed that temperature and eutrophication may play crucial roles in microbial distribution pattern. 相似文献
14.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2003,50(1):103-117
Nematode assemblages were investigated (in terms of size spectra, sex ratio, Shannon diversity, trophic structure and diversity, rarefaction statistics, maturity index, taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness) at bathyal and hadal depths (from 1050 to 7800 m) in the deepest trench of the South Pacific Ocean: the Trench of Atacama. This area, characterised by very high concentrations of nutritionally-rich organic matter also at 7800-m depth, displayed characteristics typical of eutrophic systems and revealed high nematode densities (>6000 ind. 10 cm−2). Nematode assemblages from the Atacama Trench displayed a different composition than at bathyal depths. At bathyal depths 95 genera and 119 species were found (Comesomatidae, Cyatholaimidae, Microlaimidae, Desmodoridae and Xyalidae being dominant), whereas in the Atacama Trench only 29 genera and 37 species were encountered (dominated by Monhysteridae, Chromadoridae, Microlaimidae, Oxystominidae and Xyalidae). The genus Monhystera (24.4%) strongly dominated at hadal depths and Neochromadora, and Trileptium were observed only in the Atacama Trench, but not at bathyal depths. A reduction of the mean nematode size (by ca. 67%) was observed between bathyal and hadal depths. Since food availability was not a limiting factor in the Atacama Trench sediments, other causes are likely to be responsible for the reduction of nematode species richness and body size. The presence of a restricted number of families and genera in the Atacama Trench might indicate that hadal sediments limited nematode colonisation. Most of the genera reaching very high densities in Trench sediments (e.g., Monhystera) are opportunistic and were responsible for the significant decrease of the maturity index. The dominance of opportunists, which are known to be characterised by small sizes, might have contributed to the reduced nematode size at hadal depths. Shannon diversity and species richness decreased in hadal water depth and this pattern was more evident at genus than at species level. Epistrate feeders dominated and increased their relevance, determining a reduction of the index of trophic diversity at hadal depths. According to trophic diversity, taxonomic diversity and distinctness also decreased with depth. All diversity indices from the Atacama Slope and Trench were lower than in other equally deep areas world wide (e.g. Puerto Rico Trench). We suggest that such reduction was related to the high nutrient loading observed in this system (up to two orders of magnitude higher than in typical oligotrophic deep-sea sediments). 相似文献
15.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2002,49(5):843-857
Meiofaunal assemblages were investigated (in terms of abundance, biomass, individual size and community structure) at bathyal and hadal depths (from 1050 to 7800 m) in the Atacama Trench in the upwelling sector of the eastern South Pacific Ocean, in relation to the distribution and availability of potential food sources (phytopigments, biochemical compounds and bacterial biomass) in this highly productive region. Meiofaunal density and biomass in the Atacama Trench were one to two orders of magnitude higher than values reported in other “oligotrophic” hadal systems. The Atacama Trench presented very high concentrations of nutritionally rich organic matter at 7800-m depth and displayed characteristics typical of eutrophic systems. Surprisingly, despite a decrease in chlorophyll-a and organic matter concentrations of about 50% from bathyal to hadal depths, meiofaunal abundance in hadal sediments was 10-fold higher than at bathyal depths. As indicated by the higher protein to carbohydrate ratio observed in trench sediments, the extraordinarily high meiofaunal density reported in the Atacama Trench was more dependent upon organic matter quality than on its quantity. The trophic richness of the system was reflected by a shift of the size structure of the benthic organisms. In contrast with typical trends of deep-sea systems, the ratio of bacterial to meiofaunal biomass decreased with increasing depth and, in the Atacama Trench, meiofaunal biomass largely dominated total benthic biomass. Nematodes at 7800-m depth accounted for more than 80% of total density and about 50% of total meiofaunal biomass. In hadal sediments a clear meiofaunal dwarfism was observed: the individual body size of nematodes and other taxa was reduced by 30–40% compared to individuals collected at bathyal depths. The peculiarity of this trophic-rich system allows rejection of previous hypotheses, which explained deep-sea dwarfism by the extremely oligotrophic conditions typical of deep-sea regions. 相似文献
16.
胶州湾浮游病毒的分布研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
运用荧光显微镜技术,对2007年6～8月胶州湾14个站点的浮游病毒丰度进行了检测,分析了病毒在不同月份的水平与垂直分布变化,发现胶州湾浮游病毒的丰度在0.48×107～22.78×107个/mL之间,平均值为(5.72±4.72)×107个/mL,7月份病毒丰度明显高于其他两个月(P0.01)。病毒呈现从湾内至湾口至湾外递减的趋势,病毒垂直分布变化不明显。病毒-细菌比率(VBR)范围为3.90～150.72,平均值42.05±28.55,处于较高水平。利用多元相关性分析发现,病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度、聚球藻蓝细菌丰度和叶绿素a含量相关,其相关系数r分别为0.605(P0.01),0.265(P0.01)和0.604(P0.05),确定系数R2分析表明,异养细菌和叶绿素a对浮游病毒丰度的影响基本相当。病毒丰度与温度、盐度无明显相关性。对VBR的分析表明,调查区域藻类病毒占总浮游病毒的比例较高;通过VBR与异养细菌丰度的负相关性分析,认为胶州湾噬菌体的宿主菌种群较单一。 相似文献
17.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(8):1209-1220
Despite the fact that marine viruses have been increasingly investigated in the last decade, knowledge on virus abundance, biomass and distribution in mesopelagic and bathypelagic waters is limited. We report here the results of a large-spatial-scale study (covering more than 3000 km) on the virioplankton distribution in epi-, meso- and bathypelagic waters in 19 areas of the Mediterranean Sea, from the Alboran Sea and Western Mediterranean, to the Tyrrhenian Sea, Sicily Channel and Ionian Sea. Integrated viral abundance in epipelagic waters was significantly higher than in deep-sea waters (on average, 2.4 vs. 0.5×1012 viruses m−3). However, abundance of viruses in the deep-Mediterranean waters was the highest reported so far for deep seas worldwide (7.0 and 3.1×1011 viruses m−3 in mesopelagic and bathypelagic waters, respectively) and their biomass accounted for 13–18% of total prokaryotic C biomass. The significant relationship between viral abundance and prokaryotic abundance and production in deep waters suggests that also deep-sea viruses are closely dependent on the abundance and metabolism of their hosts. Moreover, virus to prokaryote (and nucleoid-containing cell (NuCC)) abundance ratio increased with increasing depths suggesting that deep waters may represent optimal environments for viral survival or proliferation. Overall, our results indicate that deep waters may represent a significant reservoir of viruses and open new perspectives for future investigations of viral impact on the functioning of meso-bathypelagic ecosystems. 相似文献
18.
影响北欧海和楚科奇海夏季细菌丰度和生产力的因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Abundance and production of bacterioplankton were measured in the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea during the5 th Chinese Arctic Research Expedition in summer 2012.The results showed that average bacterial abundances ranged from 3.31×10~(11) cells/m~3 to 2.25× 10~(11)cells/m~3,and average bacterial productions(calculated by carbon)were 0.46 mg/(m~3·d) and 0.54 mg/(m~3·d) in the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea,respectively.T-test result showed that bacterial abundances were significantly different between the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea,however,no significant difference was observed regarding bacterial productions.Based on the slope of lg bacterial biomass versus lg bacterial production,bacterial communities in the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea were moderately dominated by bottom-up control.Both Pearson correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression indicated that temperature had significant positive correlation with bacterial abundance in the Chukchi Sea,while no correlations with productions in both areas.Meanwhile,Chl a had positive correlations with both bacterial abundance and production in these two regions.As the temperature and Chl a keep changing in the future,we suggest that both bacterial abundance and production been hanced in the Chukchi Sea but weaken in the Nordic seas,though the enhancement will not be dramatic as a result of higher pressure of predation and viral lysis. 相似文献
19.
A.J. Jamieson T. Fujii M. Solan A.K. Matsumoto P.M. Bagley I.G. Priede 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(4):641-647
Since the first major hadal sampling efforts in the 1950s, crustaceans of the order Decapoda have been thought absent from the hadal zone (6000–11,000 m) with no representatives documented >5700 m. A baited video lander deployed at 6007, 6890 and 7966 m in the Kermadec Trench, 8798 and 9729 m in the Tonga Trench (SW Pacific), 6945 and 7703 m in the Japan Trench and 5469 m in the Marianas region (NW Pacific) has now revealed a conspicuous presence of the Benthesicymid prawn Benthesicymus crenatus Bate 1881. Decapods were observed at all sites except at 7966 m in the Kermadec Trench and the two Tonga Trench sites, making the deepest finding 7703 m in the Japan Trench, 2000 m deeper than previously thought. These natantian decapods were readily attracted to fish bait and, rather than feeding on the bait itself, were observed preying upon smaller scavenging amphipods. These are the first observations of predation in the hadal zone. In less than 10 h of bottom time, 12 observations of 10 individuals were documented at 6007 m and 5 observations of 3 individuals were documented at 6890 m in the Kermadec Trench. In the Japan Trench at 6945 m 29 observations of 20 individuals were documented whilst only one individual was seen at 7703 m. Two individuals were observed in the abyssal Marianas Region (5575 m). Also, in the Kermadec Trench, individual caridean prawns (Acanthephyra spp.) were observed at 6007 and 6890 m, proving categorically that the crustacean order of Decapoda is represented in the hadal zone. 相似文献
20.
A precise bathymetric map of the world’s deepest seafloor,Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Data from three bathymetric surveys by R/V Kairei using a 12-kHz multibeam echosounder and differential GPS were used to create an improved topographic model of the Challenger
Deep in the southwestern part of the Mariana Trench, which is known as the deepest seafloor in the world. The strike of most
of the elongated structures related to plate bending accompanied by subduction of the Pacific plate is N70°E and is not parallel
to the trench axis. The bending-related structures were formed by reactivation of seafloor spreading fabric. Challenger Deep
consists of three en echelon depressions along the trench axis, each of which is 6–10 km long, about 2 km wide, and deeper
than 10,850 m. The eastern depression is the deepest, with a depth of 10,920 ± 5 m. 相似文献