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1.
利用2008年夏季我国第3次北极科学考察资料,基于流式细胞技术,对白令海北部陆架区的微微型浮游植物丰度、细胞大小(碳含量)、色素浓度的分布特征进行了分析,并对该类群的环境适应性进行了研究。结果表明,微微型浮游植物中仅含聚球藻和真核藻,其丰度范围分别为0.14×106 2.69×106和0.23×106-12.49×106个/dm3。聚球藻的叶绿素a和藻红蛋白含量、微微型真核藻的叶绿素a含量与类群丰度以及微微型真核藻的类胡萝卜素含量与细胞大小间均存在同向变化趋势。两类藻偏向于喜温嗜淡型,更适合在寡营养环境中保持较高的丰度,但能在高营养盐浓度下形成相对较高的碳含量。越接近陆地,细胞越小,丰度越大,碳含量及FL2/FL3越低;所处层位越深、纬度越高,则细胞越大,碳含量及FL2/FL3越高。北极气温升高和径流量的增加有利于陆架区微微型浮游植物类群丰度的增加。  相似文献   

2.
北冰洋西部表层沉积物中生源组分及其古海洋学意义   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过对中国首次和第二次北极科学考察在北冰洋西部所采取的66个表层沉积物中生源组分的分析,探讨了该海区表层生产力变化与水团的相互关系。楚科奇海西南部呈现出高的有机碳和生源蛋白石含量,而中部和东部哈罗德浅滩至阿拉斯加沿岸,以及楚科奇海台、北风脊和加拿大海盆表现出低的有机碳和生源蛋白石含量。楚科奇海陆架区表层沉积物以底栖有孔虫为主,丰度低;而楚科奇海台、北风脊和加拿大海盆则以浮游有孔虫占绝对优势,丰度较高。生源组分的分布特征显然与通过白令海峡进入楚科奇海的三股太平洋水和大西洋次表层水相关。楚科奇海西侧沿富营养的阿纳德尔流方向的区域呈现出高的表层生产力。而东侧受寡营养的阿拉斯加沿岸流及阿拉斯加西北沿岸陆源物质输入的影响,呈现出低的表层生产力。北纬75°以北及加拿大海盆受海冰覆盖影响,也表现出最低的表层生产力。而受北大西洋次表层水的影响,楚科奇海陆架外侧高纬海域表现出较高的钙质生物生产力。表层沉积物中Corg/N比值及其分布反映楚科奇海表层沉积物中的有机碳以海洋自身来源为主,且主要受生物泵过程控制。有机碳和生源蛋白石含量呈现高的正相关关系,说明硅藻等浮游植物的初级生产力可能控制着生物泵对碳的吸收和释放。  相似文献   

3.
为探究马里亚纳海沟浮游病毒生态特征的垂直变化规律,本研究于2015年12月采集马里纳亚海沟表层到8727m共六层水样,对浮游病毒丰度,浮游细菌丰度,微微型浮游植物丰度以及裂解性浮游病毒生产力进行了分析。流式细胞技术分析结果表明,马里亚纳海沟各层浮游病毒丰度范围为1.27×105—1.93×106VLP/mL,其中表层丰度最高,随后逐渐降低,最低值出现在3699m处。而在深渊海沟区域内病毒丰度略有上升,最深处8727m病毒丰度为2.85×105VLP/mL。马里亚纳海沟裂解性浮游病毒生产力变化范围为2.86×104—4.21×105VLP/(mL·h),其垂直分布呈现出与浮游病毒丰度相似的趋势,生产力最高值出现在表层,随后在相对较低的水平变动,而在深渊海沟区域内随深度略微上升, 8727m处生产力为4.08×104VLP/(mL·h)。同时本文根据假定的研究区域浮游病毒平均裂解量及宿主平均有机物质含量计算出病毒导致的细菌死亡率(VMM)以及相应的有机碳和有机氮释放量,其中VMM变化范围为1.59×103—2.34×104cells/(mL·h),8727m处VMM为2.27×103cells/(mL·h)。而每小时病毒导致的细菌死亡数在总细菌数量中占比在8727m处最低,为4.6%,这表明浮游病毒在深海环境中的侵染活性相对较低,可能由于极端环境下浮游病毒多以溶源状态存在。在深渊海沟内部观察到相对较高的浮游病毒丰度以及相对较低的病毒生产力水平,表明该水域浮游病毒死亡率较低,这或许与海沟内温度极低且环境相对隔离有关。各层浮游病毒丰度及生产力与环境因子间相关性分析结果表明,浮游病毒丰度和生产力均与浮游细菌丰度表现出较高的正相关关系(P0.05),同时病毒生产力也表现出与温度的显著正相关性,表明浮游病毒的活跃程度主要依赖于宿主细胞的浓度以及海水温度。  相似文献   

4.
模拟了厦门沿岸海区病毒裂解产物对于自然细菌群落的影响.实验过程中基于不同过滤方式收集的细菌、病毒种群和病毒裂解产物,通过室内模拟培养方式,结合流式细胞计数和总有机碳分析仪分析病毒、细菌丰度和有机碳含量等技术,研究浮游细菌在病毒裂解产物添加下的生长变化.实验结果显示,去除原生生物捕食者的浮游细菌丰度在整个培养过程中持续增加,特别是病毒裂解产物添加组中的细菌类群的增长程度明显,其丰度在5 d的培养时间内从2.76×105cells/cm3上升至1.90×106cells/cm3;而在无病毒裂解产物添加组中其丰度仅仅从3.0×105cells/cm3上升至1.39×106cells/cm3;相对于无病毒裂解产物添加组,培养周期内细菌丰度均值在病毒裂解产物添加组中的绝对增量约为3.64×105cells/cm3,这表明此研究海区的病毒裂解产物在模拟原位环境的培养体系中可快速地被环境中的其他细菌类群吸收、利用,并且在丰度上产生显著影响(p0.05).结合病毒丰度变化以及细菌细胞裂解释放量、细胞碳含量的关系估算了收集来的病毒裂解产物在培养体系中释放的碳量大约为2.12~7.67μg/(dm3·d);它被浮游细菌用于丰度增长方面的贡献大约22.47%~81.25%.此外,在培养过程中,溶解有机碳的浓度在病毒裂解产物添加组中的变化相对于无病毒裂解产物添加组缓慢,但总体上两者随时间变化逐渐减少,它们间的均值差值约为1.04μmol/dm3;结合对应的细菌丰度增量,估算出培养体系中浮游细菌碳含量大约为34.29fg/cell.上述结果揭示了厦门沿岸海域内病毒裂解产物在维持细菌群落多样性和生长繁殖方面的重要生态作用.  相似文献   

5.
黄东海接受长江冲淡水和黑潮带来的大量营养盐和有机物质,其碳循环对陆架海碳源汇格局至关重要.浮游生物群落呼吸是影响碳循环的重要过程.为揭示黄东海浮游生物群落呼吸率(PCR)对碳平衡的贡献,于2011年四季使用黑白瓶培养法测定黄海南部及东海北部浮游群落呼吸率和初级生产力,并同步测定温度、盐度、营养盐、叶绿素和细菌丰度等环境...  相似文献   

6.
王艳  汪岷  杨琳  卢龙飞  王健  孙辉 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(1):198-204
利用流式细胞仪对南黄海秋季浮游病毒丰度在水平分布和垂直分布上的特征进行了研究,并分析了浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌、微微型浮游植物等宿主丰度以及环境因子的相关性.结果表明,该海区秋季浮游病毒丰度在(2.22×106)-(1.60× 107)ind/ml之间,平均值8.32×106ind/ml.病毒丰度在调查海域的东北和中南部海域出现高值区,在西南部出现低值区,且浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度的平面分布趋势较一致.在表层、中层和底层水体,浮游病毒丰度平均值分别为8.63×106、7.83×106、8.49×106ind/ml,表层和底层丰度无显著差异,但均高于中层(P<0.05).相关性分析表明,浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度、VBR呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与微微型真核浮游植物丰度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与聚球藻、水深、水温、盐度、溶氧、叶绿素a浓度无明显相关性(P>0.05).  相似文献   

7.
白令海、西北冰洋等高生产力海域在北冰洋“生物泵”中起到重要作用;海水升温、海冰消退等北极快速变化,将强烈影响该海域“生物泵”的结构与规模,并在沉积物中有机质的来源与新鲜程度上有所体现,可用脂肪酸加以指征。对第五次、第六次中国北极科学考察在以上海域采集的表层沉积物进行脂肪酸含量(以沉积物干重计)及组成分析,结果显示楚科奇海陆架总脂肪酸含量非常高((97.15± 55.31) μg/g),白令海盆最低((15.00±1.30) μg/g),加拿大海盆、楚科奇海陆坡、白令海陆架居中(分别为(88.65 ± 3.52) μg/g,(70.35±11.32) μg/g与(38.28±14.89) μg/g)。海源脂肪酸占总脂肪酸比例最高(86.82%±7.08%),陆源次之(8.45%±6.62%),细菌最低(4.63%±2.24%);硅藻指数(16:1ω9/16:0)在楚科奇海陆架(> 0.82)、白令海陆架边缘(> 0.65)较高,其他区域均较低。脂肪酸结果表明:(1) 该海域沉积有机质主要来自海源,陆源贡献小;在北部、南部楚科奇海陆架、白令海陆架边缘,硅藻生物量占主要优势;细菌脂肪酸比例显著低于温暖海域,指示低温抑制细菌活动。(2) 楚科奇海陆架区硅藻生产力高、细菌活动弱,新鲜有机质沉降效率高,但对未来海水升温、浮游植物群落变化也较为敏感。(3) 加拿大海盆、楚科奇海陆坡的浮游植物群落由绿藻与金藻主导。以上结论说明脂肪酸可指示表层沉积物中有机质的来源与新鲜程度;未来,脂肪酸有望进一步揭示北冰洋“生物泵”对北极快速变化的响应。  相似文献   

8.
长江冲淡水区细菌生产力研究   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11  
为了解细菌在长江口冲淡水区生态系营养动力学过程中的重要作用,笔者于1997年10月10日至20日,1998年5月14日至6月1日在观测海区以及在绿华山海域设置大水体围隔生态系实验装置进行细菌生产力的现场观测研究.结果表明,秋季观测海区平均细菌生产力(C)为(1.44±1.30)μg/(dm3·h),高值出现在测区中部的A3,B3和C3站.春季测区表层细菌生产力(2.43±1.22)μg/(dm3·h)高于底层(1.01±0.43)μg/(dm3·h),高值出现在测区中部的A3和B断面诸站.秋、春季平均细菌生产力相当于浮游植物初级生产力的23%.秋季和春季表层细菌数量分别为(5.22×108±0.88×108)个/dm3和(1.97×108±1.10×108)个/dm3.1998年5月18日至6月1日在围隔实验点的自然海区中细菌生产力变幅范围为0.13~5.79μg/(dm3·h),平均值为(2.47±1.60)μg/(dm3·h).围隔装置内加可溶性磷(PO43-)实验,春季细菌生产力由1.28μg/(dm3·h)增长至32.20μg/(dm3·h),其增长幅度低于秋季1.43~43.47μg/(dm3·h).油污染实验中细菌生产力由6.61μg/(dm3·h)增长至37.97μg/(dm3·h),呈逐日上升趋势.  相似文献   

9.
2009年1月在南海北部海域的5个站位,采用稀释法和显微分析技术研究了浮游植物生长率及微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力,同时测定了微型浮游动物的丰度及类群组成.结果表明:南海北部微型浮游动物类群主要以无壳纤毛虫为主,南海北部微型浮游动物类群细胞丰度为33~529个/dm3.南海北部浮游植物生长率为0.45~1.83 d-1,微型浮游动物摄食率为0.44~1.76 d-1,摄食压力占浮游植物现存量的42.6%~82.8%,占初级生产力的97.3%~225.1%.近岸区摄食压力比陆架区高,表明冬季南海近岸区微型浮游动物摄食能够有效的控制浮游植物的生长,而陆架区浮游植物生长率大于摄食率,浮游植物存在着现存量的积累,微型浮游动物并不能完全控制浮游植物的生长.  相似文献   

10.
依托2019年8月至2019年9月中国第十次北极科学考察,基于流式细胞术,对亚热带太平洋至楚科奇海的表层微微型浮游植物丰度、细胞大小和色素含量的变化特征进行了分析,研究了各类群的环境适应性。结果表明,微微型浮游植物群落未检出原绿球藻,仅包含聚球藻和微微型真核藻,其丰度范围分别为(0.1~46.7)×10~3个/mL和(1.1~43.2)×10~3个/mL;聚球藻和微微型真核藻丰度高值均出现在白令海陆架区,其丰度升高与营养盐浓度升高有关;聚球藻最小丰度出现在楚科奇海,而微微型真核藻最小丰度出现在亚热带太平洋。聚球藻和微微型真核藻的侧向散射光(与细胞大小有关)和色素荧光强度均存在两倍以上的变化,与纬度或温度不存在显著的相关关系。在相同温度条件下,营养盐限制会降低微微型浮游植物的细胞大小。聚球藻的细胞大小与色素含量不相关,而在微微型真核藻中两者存在同向变化。在全球气候变暖和北极冰盖减少背景下,微微型浮游植物在北极生态系统中的作用会增加,对食物网和生态系统功能产生重要影响。  相似文献   

11.
影响北欧海和楚科奇海夏季细菌丰度和生产力的因素   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Abundance and production of bacterioplankton were measured in the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea during the5 th Chinese Arctic Research Expedition in summer 2012.The results showed that average bacterial abundances ranged from 3.31×10~(11) cells/m~3 to 2.25× 10~(11)cells/m~3,and average bacterial productions(calculated by carbon)were 0.46 mg/(m~3·d) and 0.54 mg/(m~3·d) in the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea,respectively.T-test result showed that bacterial abundances were significantly different between the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea,however,no significant difference was observed regarding bacterial productions.Based on the slope of lg bacterial biomass versus lg bacterial production,bacterial communities in the Nordic seas and Chukchi Sea were moderately dominated by bottom-up control.Both Pearson correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression indicated that temperature had significant positive correlation with bacterial abundance in the Chukchi Sea,while no correlations with productions in both areas.Meanwhile,Chl a had positive correlations with both bacterial abundance and production in these two regions.As the temperature and Chl a keep changing in the future,we suggest that both bacterial abundance and production been hanced in the Chukchi Sea but weaken in the Nordic seas,though the enhancement will not be dramatic as a result of higher pressure of predation and viral lysis.  相似文献   

12.
通过2012年夏季第五次北极科学考察期间在楚科奇海及其邻近海域现场调查所获得的数据分析研究了海域的粒度分级叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的高值均出现在楚科奇海陆架区,并且远高于深海区。去程时调查海域水层平均叶绿素a浓度的变化范围为0.32~15.66mg/m3,平均(2.77±3.96)mg/m3,高值区出现在南部邻近白令海峡海域、北部阿拉斯加巴罗近岸和冰缘区;初级生产力的范围为50.11~943.28mg/(m2d),高值出现在冰缘水华区。返程时水层平均叶绿素a浓度的变化范围为0.07~1.52mg/m3,平均(0.41±0.40)mg/m3,高值仍出现在陆架区,但比去程时低了一个数量级;初级生产力的分布范围为12.31~41.35mg/(m2d),高值出现在陆架区。浮游植物粒度分级测定结果表明,在生物量较低的深海区,叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的粒级结构以微微型浮游生物(Pico级份)占优势(其贡献率分别为46.1%和56.9%),小型(Net级份)和微型(Nano级份)对总叶绿素a浓度的贡献差异极小,分别为26.6%和27.3%,对总初级生产力的贡献分别为23.8%和19.3%;而在生物量较高的水深小于200m的陆架区,Net级份叶绿素a浓度所占百分比最高,Pico级份次之,Nano级份最低,分别为59.8%、27.9%和12.3%,初级生产力的粒级结构中叶绿素a浓度所占百分比由高到低同样是Net、Pico和Nano,所占百分比分别为60.6%,32.2%和7.2%。  相似文献   

13.
The results of microbiological, biogeochemical, and isotope geochemical studies in the Kara Sea are described. The samples for these studies were obtained during the 54th voyage of the research vessel Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in September 2007. The studied area covered the northern, central, and southwestern parts of the Kara Sea and the Gulf of Ob. The quantitative characteristics of the total bacterial population and the activity of the microbial processes in the water column and bottom sediments were obtained. The total population of the bacterioplankton (BP) varied from 250000 cells/ml in the northern water area to 3000000 cells/ml in the Gulf of Ob. The BP population depended on the content of the water suspension. The net BP production was minimal in the central water area, amounting to 0.15–0.2 μg C/(l day), and maximal (0.5–0.75 μg C/(l day)) in the Gulf of Ob. The organic material at the majority of the stations in the Ob transect predominantly contained light carbon isotopes (−28.0 to −30.18‰) of terrigenous origin. The methane content in the surface water layer varied from 0.18 to 2.0 μl CH4/l, and the methane oxidation rate changed in the range of 0.1–100 nl CH4/(l day). The methane concentration in the upper sediment layer varied from 30 to 300 μl CH4/dm3; the rate of the methanogenesis was 44 to 500 nl CH4/(dm3 day) and that of the methane oxidation, 30 to 2000 nl CH4/(dm3 day). The rate of the sulfate reduction varied from 4 to 184 μg S/(dm3 day).  相似文献   

14.
The community composition,abundance and culturablity of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the Dapeng Bay of the South China Sea were investigated by morphological method,bacterial cultivation and biochemical methods over an annual cycle.Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were the predominant genera among the Gram-negative bacteria.The bacterioplankton abundance fluctuated from 2.07×10 8 to 2.44×10 9 cells/dm 3 ,and culturable bacteria abundance ranged between 0.1×10 6 and 16.07×10 6 CFU/dm 3 .The Culturablity of heterotrophic bacteria ranged between 0.01% and 1.31%.The relationship between bacterial culturablity and the environmental factors was also studied in different sites of the Dapeng Bay.Throughout the bay,a significantly positive relationship was evidenced between bacterial culturability and temperature,meanswhile bacterial culturability was significantly inversely related with salinity.The positive relationship was shown at the central bay while a negative relationship was observed at the bay mouth and there was no significant correlation at top bay between bacterial culturablity and chlorophyll a of sea water.A positive relationship was found between culturability and DIN all the bay,but DIP showed a significantly negative relationship with bacterial culturability only at the mouth of the bay.  相似文献   

15.
The area of Arctic sea ice has dramatically decreased, and the length of the open water season has increased;these patterns have been observed by satellite remote sensing since the 1970 s. In this paper, we calculate the net primary productivity(NPP, calculated by carbon) from 2003 to 2016 based on sea ice concentration products,chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration, photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), sea surface temperature(SST), and sunshine duration data. We then analyse the spatiotemporal changes in the Chl a concentration and NPP and further investigate the relations among NPP, the open water area, and the length of the open water season. The results indicate that(1) the Chl a concentration increased by 0.025 mg/m~3 per year;(2) the NPP increased by 4.29 mg/(m~2·d) per year, reaching a maximum of 525.74 mg/(m~2·d) in 2016; and(3) the Arctic open water area increased by 57.23×10~3 km~2/a, with a growth rate of 1.53 d/a for the length of the open water season. The annual NPP was significantly positively related to the open water area, the length of the open water season and the SST.The daily NPP was also found to have a lag correlation with the open water area, with a lag time of two months.With global warming, NPP has maintained an increasing trend, with the most significant increase occurring in the Kara Sea. In summary, this study provides a macroscopic understanding of the distribution of phytoplankton in the Arctic, which is valuable information for the evaluation and management of marine ecological environments.  相似文献   

16.
2006年10月在黄海冷水团海域的三个站点开展了微型异养鞭毛虫、异养细菌和蓝细菌的密度和生物量调查,进行了微型异养鞭毛虫的现场摄食实验,通过荧光标记细菌法和消化系数法获得该海区微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌和蓝细菌的摄食率,并估算了微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌和蓝细菌现存量及生产力的摄食压。结果显示,微型异养鞭毛虫、异养细菌和蓝细菌的密度分别为0.36×103~1.13×103,0.39×106~1.13×106和0.04×104~3.74×104cells/cm3,温跃层以上明显高于底层。微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌的摄食率为5.33~14.89个/(HF·h),对蓝细菌的摄食率为0.26×102~23.10×10-2cells/(HF·h),摄食率随深度而下降。微型异养鞭毛虫每天能消耗9.27%~33.08%的异养细菌现存量和8.12%~16.09%的蓝细菌现存量。同时,微型异养鞭毛虫对异养细菌和蓝细菌的日摄食量各占它们生产力的2.66%~13.10%和8.12%~16.09%。研究表明微型异养鞭毛虫的摄食可能不是秋季黄海冷水团海域浮游细菌及其生产力的主归宿。  相似文献   

17.
南海北部初级生产力遥感反演及其环境调控机制   总被引:5,自引:5,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
选取VGPM模式对南海北部海域初级生产力进行反演,通过SeaWiFS和AVHRR提供的Chl a,K490,PAR和SST等遥感数据产品计算得到了模式所需的各项参数,结合现场实测数据对模式进行了修订和误差分析.在此基础上通过反演计算获得了南海北部海域7 a平均(1998~2004年)初级生产力逐月分布图像.研究结果表明,研究海域初级生产力(C)分布趋势为由沿岸带向陆架以及外海逐渐降低,其中沿岸带区高于400 mg/(m2·d),外海区大致在100~300 mg/(m2·d);初级生产力水平冬季最高[平均为608 mg/(m2·d)]、夏季最低[平均为292 mg/(m2·d)],春、秋季基本持平.控制初级生产力时空分布的因子主要有营养盐、温度、光照,其中又以季风和环流驱动下的营养盐变化对初级生产力的调控最为显著.  相似文献   

18.
大亚湾细菌生产力研究   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
采用3H-胸腺嘧啶核苷示踪法测定了大亚湾的细菌生产力,结果表明,该海区的细菌生产力(C)的变化范围为0.50×10-3~30.2×10-3mg/(dm3·h),和其他海区的比较说明,在采样期间,大亚湾海域的细菌生产力是较高的,并对细菌生产力的空间分布以及相关生物、化学要素之间的相互关系进行了讨论。  相似文献   

19.
The distribution of the total alkalinity (TA), the total inorganic carbon (TCO2), the calcium (Ca), and the CO2 partial pressure in the waters of the northwestern Bering Sea (Anadyr Bay) and in the western part of the Chukchi Sea is considered according to the data obtained in August–September 2002. It is shown that the areas treated were sinks of atmospheric CO2 in the summer of 2002: the total CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the seawater was equal to about −20 mmol C/(m2 day). The net community production according to the TCO2 decrease in the upper photic layer in the west of the Chukchi Sea and in the Anadyr Bay waters amounted to 48 ± 12 and 72 ± 18 g C/(m2 year), respectively. The comparison with historical data allows one to tell about the pronounced increase of the TCO2, TA, and Ca concentrations in the waters of Anadyr Bay and in the western part of the Chukchi Sea in the summer 2002. The processes that might have caused the changes observed are the enrichment of the estuarine waters in marine salts under the ice formation in winter and the decrease of the supply of the waters of the Bering Slope Current to the northwestern part of the Bering Sea.  相似文献   

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