共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
利用因子分析方法,对淮北平原东部的蚌埠市、亳州市、阜阳市、淮北市和宿州市浅层潜水水质为研究对象,对其实测的11个环境要素——K^＋、Na^＋、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、HCO3^-、SO4^2-、Cl^-、NO3^-（以N计）、总硬度、溶解性总固体、游离二氧化碳进行因子分析。结果表明,该地区实测的11个环境要素可提取3个主因子,第一主因子包括NO3^-（以N计）、Ca^2＋、Cl^-、Mg^2＋、K^＋、SO4^2-,共6个环境要素,主要反应了与水的硬度相关的几个参数以及Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋和K^＋的主要存在形式;第二主成份包括Na^＋和SO4^2-,反应了该地区钠盐的主要存在形式;第三主成份包括游离二氧化碳和HCO3^-两个要素。 相似文献
2.
峨眉山地区大气漂尘化学组成研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了揭示峨眉山大气漂尘的化学特征，研究小组分别在1998，1999，2000年使用小型大气采样器进行采样，并测得样品中含有水溶性化学成分（Na^ ,K^ ,Mg^2 ,Ca^2 ,SO4^2-,NO3^-,NH4^ 和Cl^-)和酸溶性化学成分（Pb和Zn)。这一地区三年的大气成分与1990年的相似，而且峨眉山的Na^ ,Cl^-,SO4^2-,NO3^-,Ca^2 ,NH4^ ，Pb和Zn浓度分别比日本山形县鹤岗的要高出4－15，3－19，3－5，3－6，13－23，4－7，11－28和10－23倍之多。 相似文献
3.
Miaoyun ZHANG Shijie WANG Fengchang WU Xianghong YUAN Ying ZHANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):18-18
A comprehensive study on the chemical composition of wet precipitation was carried out from January 2004 to December 2004 at Jinhua, China. All samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity and major ions （F, Cl, NO3,. SO4^2-, K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋. and NH4^＋）. The results showed that SO4^2- is one of the dominant anions, accounting for 66.1% of the measured anions in precipitation, while NH4^＋ and Ca^2＋ account for 56.6% and 33.4% of the measured cations, respectively. Even though the concentrations of SO4^2- and NO3^- were not high relative to those in the northern areas of China, rainwater in the studied area is typically acidic with a volume-weighted mean pH of 4.54 due to the lack of neutralization in precipitation. The fractional acidity value suggested that about 76% of acid was neutralized by alkaline constituents. On the other hand, H^＋ showed no significant correlation with other ionic species, which indicates that its acidity might be attributed to the comprehensive effect of all the acidifying and neutralizing ions rather than one major ion in precipitation. A good correlation between Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋, as well as between Na^＋ and Cl^-, indicated these ions are commonly of crustal and marine origin, respectively. Other relatively good correlations were observed between NH4^＋ and SO4^2-, Ca^2＋ and SO4^2-, Mg^2＋ and SO4^2-, Mg^2＋ and NO3^-, and Mg^2＋ and Cl^-. These results were attributed to the atmospheric chemical reactions of the acids H2SO4, HNO3 and HCl with alkaline compounds such as NH3 and/or carbonate materials. High enrichment factor of marine source for SO4^2-, Ca^2＋ and K^＋ indicated that large amounts of these ions came mainly from a non-marine source. Similarly, a high enrichment factor of soil for SO4^2-, NO3^- and CI also suggested that most of these ions did not come from soil source. 相似文献
4.
通过数理统计、聚类以及离子特征系数等分析方法,对柴达木马海盆地的深部砂砾石层孔隙卤水水化学特征进行了分析。卤水离子浓度空间分布特征表现为pH、Cl^-、TDS和Na+浓度值变化范围较小,分布均匀,而K^+、Rb^+以及Br^-、Mg^2+、Li^+、Sr^2+、I^-、B2O3、Ca^2+、Cs^+、NO3^-、SO4^2-等离子浓度分布不均匀,差异显著;Cl^-、TDS、Na^+、K^+、Mg^2+和Li^+与SO4^2-聚为一个亚类,表明卤水演化过程中有酸性液体的参与;K^+含量自西向东有增大的趋势,与Mg^2+和Li^+的变化具有相关性;离子特征系数反映出蒸发残余及盐岩溶解的多源性特征。研究区水化学类型为单一的氯化钠型,这种单一的物源可能与推测的更新统下伏盐岩层有关。 相似文献
5.
浅层地下水化学成分特征及成因分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以淮南市浅层地下水为研究对象,采集样品130个样品,利用多种方法测试了21种水样指标。统计其化学组分,划分了水化学类型,分析了硬度与Ca^2＋／Na^＋,Mg^2＋／Na^＋,TDS和ES之间关系,并对地下水中重金属元素与常规组分的相关性进行了探讨。最后得出,淮南市区浅层地下水属于弱酸-弱碱性淡水,水体硬度大,水化学类型以Na^＋ - Ca^2＋ - HCO3^- - Cl^-为主;Cl^-、F^-、SO4^2-和氨氮超标不高,重金属超标高于其它组分,是影响地下水水质主要因素之一。另外随着TDS增加,Cl^-、SO4^2- 含量增大等。 相似文献
6.
基于主成分分析的孔雀河灌区地下水化学成分评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据孔雀河灌区内地下水水样的水质化验数据,应用主成分分析法,分析了地下水化学成分与矿化度指标之间的关系。结果表明：前3个主成分累计贡献率已达92．31％,故提取3个主成分已能满足要求;矿化度变化主要受SO4^2-、Mg^2＋、Na^＋、Cl^-、K^＋、Ca^2＋影响。 相似文献
7.
Sivaji Patra Congqiang LIU Siliang LI Fushun WANG Baoli WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):269-270
Geochemical cycling has received wide attention due to the need to understand the pathways of pollutants through our present environment. In this regard the Yangtze River plays a significant role in putting those pollutants into the East China SeafWorld Oceans. The Yangtze River is of high sedimentation rate and water discharge. The watershed covers variable climate regions from temperate to subtropical and from semiarid to humid. Twenty three （23） sampling locations at the estuary have been selected for understanding the dynamic relationships. The elements （Cl^-, SO4^2-, Na^＋, K^＋, and Ca^2＋） show conservative behavior during mixing of fresh water with saline water whereas Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋ show a non-conservative pattern . The relationships between Na^＋/SO4^2- and Cl^-/SO4^2- molar ratios show a mixing of more than two water sources. 相似文献
8.
2018年江西省大气降水离子特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解江西省大气降水化学特征,对2018年江西省11个设区市109个大气降水水质监测点开展监测,对大气降水的电导率、pH值、氟化物等12项检测参数进行分析。主要结论如下:(1)全省全年监测pH范围为4.3~9.0。出现偏酸性降水的地区为赣州大部分地区,九江局部地区、景德镇局部地区和萍乡局部地区;出现偏碱性降雨的地区为吉安、萍乡、新余、宜春,以及九江局部地区、赣州局部地区、抚州局部地区、景德镇局部地区。(2)对全省降水离子浓度的分析表明,南昌、上饶和鹰潭地区SO4^2-/NO3^-的比值大于3,属于燃煤型或者硫酸型污染类型;九江、吉安、景德镇、赣州、萍乡、新余和宜春SO4^2-/NO3^-的比值范围为0.5~3,属于硫酸、硝酸的混合型污染类型;抚州SO4^2-/NO3^-的比值小于0.5,属于机动车型或硝酸型污染类型。(3)从降水离子浓度分析表明,SO4^2-和NO3^-为降水中最主要的两种水溶性阴离子,Ca^2+、NH4^+和K^+为降水中最主要的三种水溶性阳离子。(4)根据全省全年大气降水测定均值和地表水水质进行比对分析,对地表水水质有一定影响的水溶性离子主要为F^-和NO3^-。 相似文献
9.
对贵州中部喀斯特山区的阔叶林区、旱作农业区、复合农业区、城镇居民区进行地下水资源调查和浅层地下水的采样分析,探讨土地利用方式变化对喀斯特浅层地下水化学及水质的影响。研究结果表明：喀斯特山区土地利用方式从林地．耕地．城镇居民地方向的变化过程中,其浅层地下水的HCO3ˉ、SO4^2-、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、Na^＋、K＋、NH4^＋、Clˉ、PO4^3-、NO3ˉ的含量发生了明显的变化。在复合农业区表现为SO4^2-、NO3ˉ、NH4^＋、Pb、Cr和Cd含量的增加造成地下水质量的下降,而在城镇居民区则表现在高锰酸钾指数以及SO4^2-、NH4^＋’、NO3ˉ、Pb、Cr和Cd含量的增加。 相似文献
10.
贵阳市大气总县浮颗粒物(TSP)中水溶性无机离子的化学特性及季节变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2005年1月到12月,在贵阳市区采集TSP样品,分析了其主要水溶性无机离子的化学性质及其季节变化规律.结果显示.TSP浓度均值为106.60μg/m3;各离子摩尔浓度的大小顺序为:SO2-4>NH 4>Ca2 >NO-3>K >Na >C1->Mg2 >F-.TSP及其组分存在明显季节变化,SO2-4、C1-、SO2-4、NO-3、NH 4、K 、Na 、Ca 2、和Mg2 浓度的冬/夏比值分别为1.29、5.23、1.35、2.37、1.73、1.22、1.84、1.23和1.02.影响TSP、Ca2 、Mg2 和F-的气象参数主要是相对湿度和风速,影响SO2-4、NO-3、NH 4和C1-的是温度.TSP大多星微酸性,可能是含量的SO2-4所致,.NH 4GN SO2-4的相关性最好(R为0.85),NH 4与SO2-4的摩尔比值为0.8,说明NH 4,主要以(NH4)2SO4的形式存在. 相似文献
11.
CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
12.
Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
13.
14.
2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
18.
环境和灾害是威胁人类生存的两大挑战性问题。由人类活动导致的自然环境破坏和恶化是一个长期累积的过程,类似于人体所患的慢性疾病,对其认识和解决不仅依靠多种条件,也需要很长时间的持久努力。自然灾害的发生一般是短时间内的突然事件,类似人体的急性疾病。为最大限度地减轻自然灾害给人类社会造成的损失,需要实施事先预防、灾前预警、灾时应急和灾后重建的系统工程,其中地球科学家的责任之一是找出有效的宣传演练,使社会各界充分认识灾害的危险性,做好必要的防灾准备。最近20 a来中国的减灾实践经验还说明,为进一步提高减灾的效益,要用科学观念指导各领域的减灾工作,在国家一级层次上要实行多部门协调、多学科合作的综合管理,并注重对灾害发生的规律性研究。例如对群发性灾害链过程及其潜在影响的估计,这对制定区域性可持续发展规划具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
Radon is a radioactive gas emanating naturally from uranium rich granites and shales. It may be emitted from the ground surface into the atmosphere as a gas, or it may be dissolved into stream water and transported over distance. The levels of radon gas in soils at ground surface depend on a number of factors relating to the source of the gas and to its transmission. Igneous rocks contain the highest mean concentrations of radium and uranium. The depth of cover is relevant also. Surveys over the years by the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) and others have indicated that the highest concentrations in the United Kingdom occur in Cornwall, Devon and northeast Scotland. However, recent reports have indicated that high concentrations of the gas may be detected in small pockets in counties outside of those considered at high risk. This survey relates to a series of measurements taken in and around Darlington, County Durham. The results showed the presence of small areas with strong concentrations of radon in soil gas, but only minor levels of dissolved gas in stream waters. 相似文献
20.
古昌蛇绿岩中的斜长花岗岩特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
古昌蛇绿岩中首次发现斜长花岗岩。斜长花岗岩的地质特征和岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学特征反映出异常洋脊花岗岩的属性,岩浆源自地幔,与古昌蛇绿岩中的变质橄榄岩、基性岩墙、基性熔岩的岩浆同源,是基性—超基性岩浆分异的残余,应属古昌蛇绿岩中的浅色岩组分,是蛇绿岩的端元岩石。 相似文献