共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Filyushkin B. N. Sokolovskiy M. A. Kozhelupova N. G. Vagina I. M. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2011,441(2):1757-1760
Anticyclonic and cyclonic mediterranean eddies are formed on continental slopes of the Iberian Peninsula. Cyclonic eddies
commonly live for 0.5–1 year at most. Anticyclonic eddies (meddies) live for 4–5 years, on average, but there are eddies of
7–8 years in age drifting at the distance of up to 6000 km from the region of its formation. According to the results of observations,
in some regions of the Atlantic Ocean, the meddies are destructed partially or completely after contact with submarine mountains.
However, it is impossible to trace evolution of the lens moving over the submarine obstacle by the field data. We studied
the modeled influence of variable-height submarine hills on movement of cyclonic and anticyclonic intrathermocline eddies
by the contour dynamics method. The evolution of lenses appeared to be quite sensitive to variations in hill height. Cyclonic
and anticyclonic lenses interact with the hill in different ways. The data of unique field observations of Mediterranean lenses
in the North Atlantic are confirmed by the results of our model experiments. Hence, it is possible to predict basic, similar
to real, scenarios of interaction of intrathermocline eddies under conditions of complex bottom relief in the context of the
three-layered ocean model. 相似文献
2.
On the influence of spatial heterogeneity on an internal boundary layer at a short fetch 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B. S. Murthy R. Latha Cini Sukumaran A. Shivaji S. Sivaramakrishnan 《Journal of Earth System Science》2009,118(1):61-70
Surface layer meteorological data collected at a coastal site, at Vasco-Da-Gama (15°21′N, 73°51′E, 58.5m MSL) (13–18 July,
2002) with prevailing southwesterly surface winds are analyzed to study the characteristics of internal boundary layer at
a short fetch using an instrumented tower (9 m). The spectral and turbulence characteristics of wind are compared with earlier
measurements made at a comparatively homogeneous terrain and the standards available in literature. The study show the smaller
eddies in the vertical velocity spectrum attains equilibrium with the underlying surface at a short fetch itself and follows
spectral similarity. However, this is not followed by longitudinal and transverse velocity spectra under unstable as well
as stable conditions. 相似文献
3.
Movement of seasonal eddies in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and its relation with cyclonic heat potential (CHP) and cyclogenesis
points have been investigated in this study using 6 years (2002–2007) of global ocean monthly analysis datasets based on the
Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) package (SODA v2.0.4) of Carton et al. (2005) and Indian Meteorological Department cyclogenesis points. The region dominated by anticyclonic eddies with CHP greater than
70 × 107 J/m2 as well as good correlations (>0.9) with sea surface height (SSH) and 26°C isothermal depth (D
26) can be a potential region of cyclogenesis. The region dominated by cyclonic eddies with CHP greater than 50 × 107 J/m2 and good correlation (>0.9) with both SSH and D
26 can serve as a potential region of high-level depression. Potential cyclogenesis regions are the southern BOB (5°N–12°N)
for the post-monsoon season and the head of BOB (north of 15°N) during southwest monsoon. Seven potential regions are identified
for the eddy formation for different seasons, which are consistent with the cyclogenesis points. The CHP distributions alone
are able to explain the cyclone tracks for the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons but not for the monsoon season. 相似文献
4.
As one of the most important mesoscale ocean features, the mesoscale eddies are omnipresent and have significant impact on the overlying atmosphere. Based on the comprehensive review of the influence of mesoscale eddies on the atmospheric boundary layer and the local circulation, the corresponding physical mechanisms and their impacts on weather systems were presented systematically. ①Eddy-induced SST anomalies may modify the surface wind speed, horizontal divergence, cloud and precipitation through turbulence heat flux anomalies. Meanwhile, additional secondary circulations arise over the eddies. What is more, there are obvious regional and seasonal differences for atmospheric responses. ② Studies in the South China Sea, the Kuroshio Extension region and the Southern Ocean indicate that atmospheric responses to mesoscale eddies can be explained by the changes of sea level pressure or the vertical momentum transport. These two mechanisms can be distinguished by the phase relationship between the atmospheric anomaly center and the eddy core. Diagnosis on the inner dynamical processes may draw better conclusions. ③The energy conversions are affected by mesoscale eddies, which may affect storm tracks and jet streams, and finally result in distant influences on weather patterns. Moreover, sea temperature anomalies from sea surface to the thermocline associated with mesoscale eddies have significant impacts on the intensification and the maintenance of tropical cyclones. 相似文献
5.
This paper deals with eddies generated by a shear flow instability in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland-Virginia, USA. An
evolution sequence of this robust phenomenon is synthesized using ASTER and Landsat visible imagery, and its growth from small-amplitude
waves into mature eddies is shown. Using feature tracking between two nearly contemporaneous ASTER and Landsat images, an,
along-river surface velocity profile is computed. Archived velocity and density profiles, taken during accelerating ebb at
locations up-river and down-river of the study area indicate the water column is relatively homogenous up-river, but resembles
a two-layer fluid down-river where estuarine stratification is present in the lower water column. Velocity variation with
depth in the upper water column is relatively small, deviating at mid depth from the near-surface value by only 9–15% at both
sites. We examined the horizontal stability properties of this flow by modeling it as inviscid and barotropic., and predicted
rapidly growing unstable waves with wavelengths close to the observed ones. Their proximity to the coast, as well as the precise
details of the coastline configuration, are shown to have a negligible effect in determining the observed unstable wavelengths. 相似文献
6.
The Kuroshio Extension （KE） is the key area where the water heats the atmosphere in the northwestern Pacific Ocean in winter. Previous studies show that the active eddies in the KE area can affect sea surface temperature and thus sea surface winds. The present study reviewed the progress about the influences of the eddies on local atmosphere in recent years. Analysis and comparison were made especially for the achievements from shipboard sounding data, satellite observations and numerical experiments. Based on the geostrophic adaptation theory involved in atmospheric anomalies induced by the eddies, the following new scientific deductions were suggested: Air pressure adjustment mechanism dominated in the atmospheric response to eddies under the conditions of weaker wind speed over the eddies. The influence of eddies was often limited in the atmospheric boundary layer. On the other hand, vertical mixing mechanism played a major role in the response of the atmosphere to warm (cold) eddies when air moved faster over the eddies. Surface wind speed increased (decreased) over the warm (cold) water. Significant wind convergence took place downwind the warm water, and large amount of water vapor was transported also downwind from the warm water surface. The positive feedback between water vapor condensation and rising air forced by the surface convergence provided necessary conditions for the development of strong convection in atmosphere. These deductions will be conducive to further depicting the impact of oceanic eddies on the atmosphere quantitatively. 相似文献
7.
利用回归模型模拟卫星跟踪海洋漂流浮标轨迹 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
分析浮标漂流速度和表层地转流、风海流结果表明：浮标漂流速度和表层地转流具有良好相关性。针对卫星跟踪漂流浮标运动的准地转性,建立了以海表地转流为主要回归自变量的几种回归模型,用以模拟浮标漂流轨迹,以期对浮标运动特性有进一步的认识。对南海中伴随涡旋运动的2个浮标模拟试验显示,诸多模型中以海表地转流、风海流及背景流为自变量的回归模型模拟浮标漂流轨迹效果较好。利用该回归模型,模拟出南海2个漂流浮标轨迹和真实轨迹距离偏差较小且二者运动趋势基本一致。通过分析回归模拟所得风海流、海表地转流及背景流发现：涡旋中心附近浮标漂移主要受地转流的控制,而涡旋边缘处风海流起到关键性作用,正是这部分贡献使得浮标能够进入（脱离）涡旋。背景流的空间分布决定着浮标漂移的最终去向,特别是背景流方向改变的区域,背景流的存在使得模拟浮标轨迹能够像真实轨迹一样运移。 相似文献
8.
The relatively slow flow and exchange of Carr Inlet water with the main basin of Puget Sound, Washington, favor eutrophication.
To study Carr Inlet’s circulation, the Model-measurement Integration Experiment in Estuary Dynamics (MIXED) was conducted
in March–May 2003, spanning the spring bloom. From observations and numerical simulations the circulation was decomposed into
tidal and subtidal components; the former was dominated by the M2 tide, the latter by atmospheric forcing. Near the surface,
the subtidal velocity was correlated with wind. At mid depths, the subtidal velocity was organized into vertical bands arising
from internal waves excited by wind forcing of the water surface. The tidal flow was more strongly steered by local bathymetry
and weaker in peak magnitudes than the subtidal flow, yet it contributed more mechanical energy to the inlet. Tidal eddies
reduce exchange of water through the inlet’s entrances. Numerical simulations with the Princeton Ocean Model recreated many
observed features, including the three-layer vertical structure of outflow at the surface and bottom and inflow at mid depth,
the mid-depth subtidal response to the wind, and characteristics of the tide. While the model produced greater subtidal flow
magnitudes at depth and differences in the phase of the M2 tide compared to observations, overall the case study provided
support for more comprehensive simulations of Puget Sound in the future. 相似文献
9.
沉积分异作用在解释表层沉积现象时具有重要意义。在水流辐聚或辐散区域,表层沉积物将因辐聚和辐散运移而分别呈细化和粗化状态。河口区细颗粒沉积区的形成,是因为河口区存在底层余流辐聚的滞流区现象;东中国海涡旋区泥质沉积现象的形成,是因为涡旋区存在指向涡旋中心的底层辐聚流;浙闽沿岸泥质沉积现象是近岸的浙闽沿岸流和远岸的台湾暖流之间存在余流辐聚带;英吉利海峡宽度最窄处的沉积物粗化现象,是因该处沉积物在水流作用下呈分离运移趋势所引起。 相似文献
10.
Summary The catalogue of eruptions occurring at Vesuvio during the period 1631–1944 is shown to be complete for the range Volcanic
Explosivity Index (VEI) between 1.5 and 4.0. The time clustering of eruptive events, as indicated by the catalogue, shows
a fractal dimension and a scaling region largely dependent on VEI. This might reflect the turbulence of the magma flowing
under the volcano which is responsible for cascading of energy from large to small eddies.
Received November 9, 1999; accepted March 3, 2000 相似文献
11.
Mesoscale eddies, which are widely found in the oceans, play a vital role in momentum, energy, heat and mass transport. The Euler method for identifying mesoscale eddies using satellite altimeter data was presented in detail, including closed SLA contours, OW numbers, Winding-Angle and flow vector methods. The results show that mesoscale eddies are almost nonlinear and solid-body rotation. The long-lived eddies with lifetimes ≥16 weeks have an average lifetime of 32 weeks and an average propagation distance of 550 km. Their mean amplitude and a speed-based radius scale as defined by the automated procedure are 8 cm and 90 km, respectively. The method combining with SLA and Argo profiles to composite the three-dimensional structure were addressed. Due to the different temperature and salt structure in the various oceans of the world, the eddies in different oceans show different three-dimensional structures, which are influenced by both the generation and local temperature and salinity. Two special types of eddies were introduced from the perspective of generation, evolution and dissipation processes, namely the Loop Current Ring in the Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean eddy in the Atlantic Ocean. Finally, issues including submesoscale processes, dissipation of eddies and subthermocline eddies were discussed, and some future research directions were proposed. 相似文献
12.
Summer (June–August) mean zonal and meridional wind components at 200 mbar level are subjected to harmonic analysis for the
years 1970, 1971, 1972 and 1979. It is found that the small scale disturbances are intense during normal monsoon years. The
westerlies in the belt 10°S to 30°S are stronger during drought years. During normal monsoon years (1970, 1971) the northward
transport of westerly momentum by wave number 1 at 19.6°N is large as compared to drought years (1972, 1979). The transport
of westerly momentum by standing eddies is northward for all the years between 5°S and 28.7°N but large during the normal
monsoon years. 相似文献
13.
Continuous observations since 1991 by using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) on board the Almaz1, ERS-1/2, JERS-1, and RADARSAT
satellites support the well-known fact that oceanic eddies are distributed worldwide in the ocean. The paper is devoted to
an evaluation of the potential of SAR for detection of eddies and vortical motions in the ocean. The classification of typical
vortical features in the ocean detected in remote sensing images (visible, infrared, and SAR) is presented as well as available
information on their spatial and temporal scales. Examples of the Almaz-1 and ERS-1/2 SAR images showing different eddy types,
such as rings, spiral eddies of the open ocean, eddies behind islands and in bays, spin-off eddies and mushroom-like structures
(vortex dipoles) are given and discussed. It is shown that a common feature for most of the eddies detected in the SAR images
is a broad spectrum of spatial scales, spiral shape and shear nature. It is concluded that the spaceborne SARs give valuable
information on ocean eddies, especially in combination with visible and infrared satellite data. 相似文献
14.
Flat-bottomed depression 50–150 m in diameter and 60–80 cm deep occur in the floor of Norton Sound, Bering Sea. These large
erosional bedforms and associated current ripples are found in areas where sediment grain size is 0.063–0.044 mm (4–4.5 φ),
speeds of bottom currents are greatest (20–30 cm/s mean speeds under nonstorm conditions, 70 cm/s during typical storms),
circulation of water is constricted by major topographic shoals (kilometers in scale), and small-scale topographic disruptions,
such as ice gouges, occur locally on slopes of shoals. These local obstructions on shoals appear to disrupt currents, causing
separation of flow and generating eddies that produce large-scale scour. Offshore artificial structures also may disrupt bottom
currents in these same areas and have the potential to generate turbulence and induce extensive scour in the area of disrupted
flow. The size and character of natural scour depressions in areas of ice gouging suggest that large-scale regions of scour
may develop from enlargement of local scour sites around pilings, platforms, or pipelines. Consequently, loss of substrate
support for pipelines and gravity structures is possible during frequent autumn storms. 相似文献
15.
Mesoscale eddies are active and energetic in the South China Sea (SCS), and play an important role in regulating the multi-scale circulation and mass transportation in the region, especially for those long-lived strong eddies. Using AVISO altimeter data and outermost closed contour sea level anomaly method, this study identified and tracked mesoscale eddies in the northern SCS during 2011-2018, and focused on the temporal and spatial characteristics of mesoscale eddies in recent years. Similarly to previous results in this region, statistical results show that about 8.6 anticyclonic eddies and 4.5 cyclonic eddies (lifetime > 28 days) were born per year. Among them, about 1/3 of the total number are strong eddies (lifetime > 45 days), showing relatively strong dynamic characteristics, such as strong Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE) and highly nonlinear feature. Statistics also show significant seasonal variability in mesoscale eddies’ birth places, trajectories and distribution of frequency of occurrence. Specifically, anticyclonic eddies mainly form at the north part of Luzon Strait between autumn and winter, and then move southwestward along isobaths. During this period, the largest value of the frequency of occurrence is over 30%. In summer, most of them form in the west off Luzon Island, and then move westward paralleling to latitude lines. In contrast, cyclonic mainly form in the west off Luzon Strait, and then move westward in winter and spring. During this period, the largest value is about 26%. In addition, observation finds that the strong mesoscale eddy pair could generate off the southwest of Taiwan Island. Analysis of the Kuroshio SCS Index (KSI) implies that loop current caused by Kuroshio intrusion is the most important mechanism for the formation of eddy pair. 相似文献
16.
S. M. Bawiskar M. D. Chipade D. K. Paul S. S. Singh 《Journal of Earth System Science》1995,104(4):613-634
Kinetic energy exchange equations (Saltzman 1957) in wave number domain are partitioned into standing, transient and standing-transient
components following Murakami (1978, 1981). These components are computed for the 1991 summer monsoon using dailyu andv grid point data at 2.5° latitude-longitude interval between the equator and 40°N at 200 hPa and 850 hPa levels for the period
June through August. The data are obtained from NCMRWF, New Delhi.
The study shows that at 200 hPa wave number 1 over Region 3 (30°N to 40°N), wave number 2 over Region 2 (15°N to 30°N) and
wave number 3 over Region 1 (equator to 15°N) dominate the spectrum of transport of momentum and wave to zonal mean flow interaction.
Wave number 1 over Region 1 and Region 3 and wave number 2 over Region 2 are the major sources of kinetic energy to other
waves via wave-to-wave interaction. At 850 hPa wave number 1 over Region 3 has maximum contribution in the spectrum of transport
of momentum and kinetic energy and more than 90% of its contribution is from the standing component. This indicates that standing
wave number 1 over Region 3 plays a very important role in the dynamics of monsoon circulation of the lower troposphere.
The study further shows that although the circulation patterns at 200 hPa and 850 hPa levels are opposite in character, a
number of energy processes exhibit a similar character at these levels. For example, (i) transport of momentum by most of
the waves is northward, (ii) small scale eddies intensify northward, (iii) eddies are sources of kinetic energy to zonal mean
flow over Region 1 and (iv) standing eddies are sources of kinetic energy to transient eddies. Besides the above similarities
some contrasting energy processes are also observed. Over Region 2 and Region 3 standing and transient eddies are sources
of kinetic energy to zonal mean flow at 200 hPa, while at 850 hPa the direction of exchange of kinetic energy is opposite
i.e. zonal mean flow is a source of kinetic energy to standing as well as transient eddies. L(n) interaction indicates that at 200 hPa waves over R2 maintain waves over R1, while at 850 hPa waves over R1 maintain waves
over R2.
It has been found that the north-south gradient of zonal mean of zonal wind is the deciding factor of wave to zonal mean flow
interaction. 相似文献
17.
18.
近地层能量平衡闭合问题——综述及个例分析 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
近地层能量闭合问题,即测量到的感热和潜热通量之和一般总小于近地层可利用能量(净辐射与土壤热通量之差),是近20年来困扰地气相互作用实验研究的主要难点之一。对国内外有关研究现状做了综述,与解决此问题日益迫切的要求相适应,问题的实质及解决途径近年来已逐渐明朗。"涡动相关方法"应用在复杂的大气湍流通量观测中的局限,特别是对低频较大尺度湍流通量的低估,仍是关键所在。在理论分析的基础上,结合2008年部分"黑河综合实验"资料对有关计算结果做了具体介绍。以阿柔站6天连续资料为例,仔细计算土壤浅层热储存,在涡动相关资料再处理中加上高低频损失修正等,再参考该站大口径闪烁仪(LAS)观测对感热通量的提高,能量闭合率可达到99%,当然这只是个例。许多复杂情况下,较大尺度的涡旋或湍流有组织结构(TOS)会有更明显影响。近地层能量闭合问题的根本解决必须考虑后者的贡献,提高通量观测的时空代表性。 相似文献
19.
南海东北部受黑潮入侵、季风等动力因素的影响,背景剪切流场复杂,涡旋众多,水体垂向层结季节性变化明显,同时又因吕宋海峡的复杂底地形和强潮流的影响,内潮、内孤立波现象显著。但是,以往关于内潮、内孤立波的研究很少考虑到背景剪切流场和涡旋对其影响,因而难以揭示内波的生成、传播和演变规律。主要概述了南海东北部的剪切流、涡旋和内波等多种中尺度物理现象及其之间的相互作用的研究进展,进而提出未来关于南海东北部剪切流场对内波生成、传播和演变影响研究中的一些问题和研究思路。 相似文献
20.
Kelvin波和Rossby波是经常出现于海洋中的边界波;南海的复杂岸线、陡变地形和热盐场时空结构的不均匀性具有形成强迫Kelvin波和地形Rossby波的条件。现有研究表明,南海大部分中尺度涡形成于东部一些较大岛屿附近;这些中尺度涡一旦形成后,就在β效应作用下向西移动并最终耗散于西边界,且其波动一般以Rossby波的形式向西传播。因此,南海环流的多涡结构与中尺度波动之间存在着一定的联系。在南海北部,中尺度涡主要由黑潮入侵和风应力旋度所诱生,而在南海南部而以风应力旋度为主要成因。提出了利用线性波动动力学模式来研究南海南部中尺度波动、分析风应力强迫所产生的中尺度波动特征和规律,并据此建立相应的数值模式来揭示该海区环流的动力学和热动力学机制的思路,以便了解该海区流场季节性变化与中尺度波动之间的内在关系。 相似文献