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1.
针对当前海洋捕捞渔船管理中面临的众多问题,提出从制度创新、渔业法律法规的完善以及渔民自身能力提高等方面加强海洋捕捞渔船管理策略,以促进海洋渔业健康可持续性发展。  相似文献   

2.
渔业补贴政策对海洋捕捞渔业有着举足轻重的影响作用。以渔业柴油补贴政策在广东的实施为例,分析其在政治、经济、社会、技术等方面对广东海洋捕捞业有着促进作用,但依然存在渔民对政策有认识误区、渔业柴油补贴资金监督制度不完善、渔业柴油补贴方式不合理、海洋捕捞作业的补贴政策不科学、渔民捕捞设备落后等问题。因此,需加强柴油补贴政策的宣传、创新渔业柴油的补贴方式、调整渔业柴油的补贴政策、健全渔民培训的工作机制。  相似文献   

3.
在海洋渔业区域减少和资源退化压力下,利用滨海和海洋资源发展海洋休闲渔业,对于促进地方经济发展、增加就业、安置转产转业渔民和调整海洋渔业结构具有重要意义。文章介绍了海洋休闲渔业资源的类型,以及广西海洋休闲渔业的优势,并对广西海洋休闲渔业发展的思路及其模式作了分析和探讨。  相似文献   

4.
浅谈南海渔业管理对策   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
南海渔业资源衰退的主要原因是捕捞过度和海洋生态环境破坏。由于海洋生态过程是动力学过程,很多生态因素的变化会相应引起生态过程的变化,同时生态动力学过程的因素又是多方面的,因此南海渔业资源的管理和生产方式应该从过去的开发型管理向着管理型管理方向转变。这种管理方式涉及面较广,必须实施从渔业资源管理、渔业水域管理、渔业水域周围环境管理到加强对渔船与船员管理、捕养并重、健全法制、强化治政队伍与执法力量配置以及开展国际渔业合作等管理措施。  相似文献   

5.
南海渔业资源衰退的主要原因是捕捞过度和海洋生态环境破坏。由于海洋生态过程是动力学过程,很多生态因素的变化会相应引起生态过程的变化,同时生态动力学过程的因素又是多方面的,因此南海渔业资源的管理和生产方式应该从过去的开发型管理向着管理型管理方向转变。这种管理方式涉及面较广,必须实施从渔业资源管理、渔业水域管理、渔业水域周围环境管理到加强对渔船与船员管理、捕养并重、健全法制、强化治政队伍与执法力量配置以及开展国际渔业合作等管理措施。  相似文献   

6.
管理策略评价(MSE)是近年来国际上渔业资源评估与管理学科发展的新趋势。MSE是通过对管理目标渔业系统的模拟,来测试和评价不同的渔业管理策略达到预期管理目标一种方法。MSE一般包含操作模型、采样模型、资源评估模型和执行模型,其中操作模型是核心。在操作模型中,通过模拟测试的方法来评估不同管理策略达到预期管理目标的程度,并充分考虑到渔业管理中的不确定性,因此渔业管理策略评价能够获得在渔业资源变动和不确定性影响下仍有较好表现的管理措施。管理策略评价一般与生物参考点、捕捞控制规则、管理规定和绩效评估有关。此外,随时间的变化的补充量、自然死亡系数和生长率,以及渔具和作业方式的选择性等,都会对MSE产生影响。由于可提高渔业管理的成功率,MSE已在渔业资源评估与管理中越来越广泛应用。通过对MSE的理论、方法和存在的问题进行总结与分析,并以实例阐述其在金枪鱼渔业管理中的发展和应用,为该领域的进一步研究提供参考和依据。  相似文献   

7.
美国1892年伊利诺斯中央铁路司诉伊利诺斯州案确立了公共信托理论对限制政府处分公共信托资源之权的法律地位。借助于司法判例的解释功能,该理论扩大适用于美国渔业管理领域并形成相对稳定的基本内涵。有限介入权作为平衡公共渔业权与个人渔业权的制度工具,业已发展成为破解公地悲剧的重要手段。我国渔业权和海域使用权制度旨在特定海域赋予单位或个人有限期的捕捞权和养殖权,但不如有限介入权更能科学地界定渔业产权。有限介入权之合理性和制度价值当为我国立法所大胆借鉴,构建起我国渔业管理的创新机制。  相似文献   

8.
休闲渔业是破解近海传统渔业发展困境的有效路径之一,是渔业经济发展的新范式。针对近海传统渔业与休闲渔业的开发路径约束构建动态博弈模型,结合转型因子、折旧因子与贴现因子对其两者开发战略进行比较分析,并从休闲渔业开发战略所产生渔业经济收益分析得知,近海传统渔业可转型为休闲渔业,且转型速率恒为正,并与转型因子、折旧因子与贴现因子大小相关。当近海传统渔业向休闲渔业转型饱和之时,渔业经济市场刚好达到鞍点均衡,总存在渔业稳态发展路径趋向均衡点。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】加深了解日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)的渔业生物学和渔业海洋学,为后期的研究以及对其资源的合理利用提供科学依据。【方法】对西北太平洋日本鲭的群体划分、年龄与生长、摄食生态、繁殖习性和洄游等生物学研究进展、资源开发利用状况及其管理制度进行归纳总结。【结果】大多数学者采用地理分布和形态差异为基础对日本鲭进行群体鉴别,利用遗传信息鉴别的研究较少。日本鲭太平洋群体寿命约为7、8龄,对马暖流群体约为6龄,不同群体生长存在差异。不同年龄的成熟比例受成长变化的影响,各群体有不同的洄游路径。海洋环境和气候对日本鲭的资源变动和渔场分布产生重要影响,渔场变迁受黑潮影响显著。日本评估的对马暖流群体的资源量被严重低估,其管理方案不符合我国国情。【结论】为可持续开发和合理利用日本鲭资源,需要加强对日本鲭分子遗传学的分析,研究"黑潮大弯曲"对日本鲭渔场具体的影响机制,充分考虑海洋环境因子和气候变化对产卵群体和渔场的影响以及结合国情制定合理的管理措施等。  相似文献   

10.
构建休闲渔业景区低碳评价指标体系,并利用专家咨询和层次分析等方法对其指标权重进行量化,以此作为科学评价各休闲渔业企业低碳化发展水平的衡量工具。研究表明,低碳环境指标权重最大,其次为低碳管理指标权重,低碳运营指标权重和低碳经济指标权重分列后两位。  相似文献   

11.
Significant effects of fishing gear selectivity on fish life history   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Over the past few decades, extreme changes have occurred in the characters of exploited fish populations. The majority of these changes have affected the growth traits of fish life history, which include a smaller size-at-age, an earlier age-at-maturation and among others. Currently, the causes of these life history traits changes still require systematic analyses and empirical studies. The explanations that have been cited are merely expressed in terms of fish phenotypic adaptation. It has been claimed that the original traits of fish can be recovered once the intensity of exploitation of the fish is controlled. Sustained environmental and fishing pressure will change the life history traits of most fish species, so the fish individual’s traits are still in small size-at-age and at earlier age-at-maturation in exploited fish populations. In this paper, we expressed our view of points that fishing gear has imposed selectiv-ity on fish populations and individuals as various other environmental factors have done and such changes are unrecoverable. Ac-cording to the existing tend of exploited fish individual’s life history traits, we suggested further researches in this field and provided better methods of fishery management and thereby fishery resources protection than those available early.  相似文献   

12.
海洋渔业资源作为一种公共资源具有非排他性和竞争性,公地悲剧的困境使其面临强烈的搭便车诱惑,导致资源过度利用甚至枯竭。如何对海洋渔业资源进行有效管理,是维持海洋渔业可持续发展的关键所在。介绍了海洋渔业管理理念的发展与演变过程,在对基于政府集权、权利、社区以及生态系统的海洋渔业管理理念及其优缺点进行分析与研究的基础上,探讨了海洋渔业管理的未来发展趋势,并且阐述了其对我国海洋渔业管理带来的启示。  相似文献   

13.
用灰色关联和灰色预测的方法,对我国沿海省市海洋渔业人力资源的结构和现状进行了分析,并对2000~2005年的人力资源发展状况进行了预测。结果认为,对海洋渔业劳动力影响最大的因素是海洋捕捞专业的劳动力,其次是海洋兼业劳动力,再次是海洋养殖和后勤专业的劳动力,这一人力资源的组成结构对可持续渔业的发展要求不尽合理。通过分别建立灰色模型GM(1,1),预测到2000~2005年从事海洋渔业的劳动力人数将达到291.9~343.8万人,海洋捕捞的劳动力人数为128.5~149.2万人,海洋养殖的劳动力人数为54.3~77.9万人,海洋后勤的劳动力人数为29.1~35.4万人,海洋兼业的劳动力人数为81.3~87.9万人。  相似文献   

14.
Jellyfish fishing is a special type of fishery that mainly exists in some countries of East and Southeast Asia. China has the largest jellyfish fishery yield in the world with an annual harvest of around 300 thousand tons. Liaodong Bay is the most important jellyfish fishery ground in China. However, due to the high benefits of jellyfish fishery, which leads to illegal and out-of-season jellyfish fishing occurring each year in Liaodong Bay. Illegal jellyfish fishery in Liaodong Bay is a typical example of the tragedy of the commons. The key problem is that fishermen seek to an illegally initiate jellyfish fishing as early as possible. In this paper, basing on the data of edible jellyfish’s biology and ecology, we mainly analyzed the history of jellyfish fishery in China, especially in Liaodong bay, and then we calculated the carry capacity of edible jellyfish in Liaodong Bay which is about 300 thousand tons one year. This number is equal to the recent annual yield of edible jellyfish in China. Furthermore, basing on the carry capacity and reasonable quotas price analysis, we set up a Jellyfish fishing quotas and deficit quotas buyback system which could be a suitable and effective solution for jellyfish fishery management and development in Liaodong Bay at the underlying roots. Although China is the first country with edible jellyfish aquaculture, the annual yield of jellyfish aquaculture is only one fifth of jellyfish fishing. So, there is a very bright developing prospect about edible jellyfish aquaculture in China.  相似文献   

15.
The Cross River Estuary, Nigeria, is an important shrimping area for artisanal fishermen of the coastal communities. The multi-species Macrobrachium fishery is exploited with three main gears, namely beach seine, push net and trap. Studies on species composition of this fishery recorded thirteen shrimp species, one swimming crab (Callinectes amnicola) and two fish species (Eleotris sp. and Pellonula leonensis). The shrimp species identified included Macrobrachium macrobrachion (83.39% and 55.69% by number and weight, respectively), M. vollenhovenii (9.66% and 37.18%), M. equidens (3.8% and 2.87%), juveniles-sub-adults of Penaeus notialis (1.11% and 1.3%), M. dux, M. felicinum, Palaemonetes africanus, Palaemon maculatus, Palaemon elegans, Desmocaris sp., Leander sp., Nematopalaemon hastatus and Alpheus pontederiae. While the selectivity index for trap was 0.25, beach seine and push net had a lower index of 0.063. The results present the first comprehensive and representative report for the Estuary shrimp fishery and will assist in the management of the biodiversity of this ecosystem.  相似文献   

16.
The stock of Bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean supports an important international fishery and is considered to be fully exploited. The responsible management agency, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission(IOTC), does not have an explicit management decision-making framework in place to prevent over-fishing. In this study, we evaluated three harvest control rules, i) constant fishing mortality(CF), from 0.2 to 0.6, ii) constant catch(CC), from 60000 to 140000 t, and iii) constant escapement(CE), from 0.3 to 0.7. The population dynamics simulated by the operating model was based on the most recent stock assessment using Stock Synthesis version Ⅲ(SS3). Three simulation scenarios(low, medium and high productivity) were designed to cover possible uncertainty in the stock assessment and biological parameters. Performances of three harvest control rules were compared on the basis of three management objectives(over 3, 10 and 25 years): i) the probability of maintaining spawning stock biomass above a level that can sustain maximum sustainable yield(MSY) on average, ii) the probability of achieving average catches between 0.8 MSY and 1.0 MSY, and iii) inter-annual variability in catches. The constant escapement strategy(CE=0.5), constant fishing mortality strategy(F=0.4) and constant catch(CC=80000) were the most rational among the respective management scenarios. It is concluded that the short-term annual catch is suggested at 80000 t, and the potential total allowable catch for a stable yield could be set at 120000 t once the stock had recovered successfully. All the strategies considered in this study to achieve a ‘tolerable' balance between resource conservation and utilization have been based around the management objectives of the IOTC.  相似文献   

17.
【目的】构建渔业资源质量状况评价体系,评估渔业管理成效,服务海洋渔业可持续发展。【方法】以北部湾底拖网调查数据为基础,结合渔业统计数据,构建渔业资源质量状况评价指标体系。该体系分3个层次,下设7项指标。通过专家经验法和平均赋值法对指标进行赋值,得到各指标权重,建立质量状况评价等级指数,并利用该等级指数对北部湾渔业资源进行评价。【结果与结论】1992―2017年北部湾渔业资源评价指标中有6项呈下降趋势;质量状况评价等级指数波动在0.44~0.56之间。自20世纪90年代以来,北部湾渔业资源一直处于临界状态。该评价结果与北部湾渔业资源利用的实际状况基本相符,证明该方法具有合理性和可操作性,可为其他海区渔业资源质量状况评价提供借鉴。  相似文献   

18.
随着渔业经济的发展,捕捞强度过大使得渔业资源严重衰退,渔村社区面临转型的困境.以调查村为例从产业结构、管理体制、文化教育管理、生活方式等四个方面对其现实的状况与困境进行分析,并在此基础上提出转型的相应对策措施,以期为相关政府部门的决策提供参考和借鉴.  相似文献   

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