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1.
A reconnaissance survey was conducted to examine the physicochemical properties of the potable water of Northern parts of the State of Mizoram, India, as well as the adjoining southern parts of the State of Assam, India. Groundwater samples were taken from those sources of water which were used as potable water source in the area. All the samples were analyzed for ionic concentrations of potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chlorine (Cl?), sulfate (SO 4 2? ), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and arsenic (As). Parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and total hardness were also measured in situ using digital instruments. The aim of the present work is to study the various physicochemical parameters following the recommendations of World Health Organization in order to test whether these sources are safe enough to be used as potable water resources. Furthermore, present work will throw light on the probable causes of presence of arsenic in Silchar City of southern Assam and total absence of it in neighboring state of Mizoram. 相似文献
2.
Different from drinking water supplied by the municipal network or from other bottled waters, all of which undergo some kind of prior treatment in order to become potable, the natural mineral water is an ecologically pure product, that by virtue of its composition may induce beneficial health effects. According to the EC Directive 80/777, the main criteria used for defining the natural mineral water refer to its original purity and its adequate protection against any pollution hazard. In Romania, mineral water consumption is an old tradition. The geological setting and the existence of unpolluted areas favored the development of mineral water sources of an outstanding quality, many of which include also carbon dioxide in natural state. The present work presents the main sources of bottled mineral water in Romania, classified as a function of total mineral content, ionic composition and carbon dioxide content. There are also forwarded forecasts concerning the medium term evolution of the structure of the bottled mineral water market in Romania. 相似文献
3.
O. N. Omaka O. P. Aghamelu C. A. Ike-Amadi R. C. Ofoezie 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(9):344
Groundwater samples from three different states of southeastern Nigeria were analyzed for a range of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal constituents in order to determine their potability as drinking water sources. The results indicate that the physicochemical parameters (pH, temperature, TDS, TH, electrical conductivity, Cl?, NO3 ? and SO4 2?) tested for have most of their values fall within the permissible limits given by the Nigerian and World Health Organization standards for drinking water quality. The results also reveal that apart from Cu and Pb the rest of the tested heavy metals (As, Zn, Ni, total Fe, Cd and Mn) recorded values that are significantly above the maximum permissible limits for drinking water purposes and therefore have the potential to cause health impacts for long-term potable use. On the basis of principal component analysis, the sources of the measured chemical constituents are likely to be predominantly geogenic (weathering of soluble minerals in the formations) and partly anthropogenic (industrial effluent, agricultural practices and mining activities). Single-factor ANOVA tests indicated insignificant differences in the datasets within/between states or geological units. Caution or adequate treatment is generally required when utilizing the groundwater from the area for drinking purpose due to the elevated metal concentrations and rating as poor to unsuitable water quality. 相似文献
4.
5.
Dr. Gideon Oron 《GeoJournal》1987,15(3):259-266
The intensified efforts to improve agricultural economy in arid zones is associated with increased demand for water. Scarcity of potable water has hightened the importance of marginal water in dry regions. Marginal water includes saline water, wastewater, and runoff water. These water sources differ in location in regards to the application site, quality, quantity, and stability of supply. Previous experience proved that each of the above alternative water sources can be used separately or in combination, for the economic benefit of the farmers. 相似文献
6.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2010,58(5):455-469
This study demonstrates the strength of R-mode factor analysis and Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis in determining spatial groundwater salinity groups in southeastern Ghana. Three hundred and eighty three (383) groundwater samples were taken from six hydrogeological terrains and surface water bodies and analyzed for the concentrations of the major ions, electrical conductivity and pH. Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis and R-mode factor analysis were respectively used to spatially classify groundwater samples and determine the probable sources of variation in groundwater salinity. The quality of groundwater for irrigation was then determined using three major indices. The analyses revealed two major sources of variation in groundwater salinity: silicate mineral weathering on one hand, and seawater intrusion and anthropogenic contamination on the other. A plot of the factor scores for the two major sources of variation in the salinity revealed trends which can be used in hydrogeological mapping and assist in drilling potable water boreholes in southeastern Ghana. This study also revealed four major spatial groundwater groups: low salinity, acidic groundwaters which are mainly derived from the Birimian and Togo Series aquifers; low salinity, moderate to neutral pH groundwaters which draw membership mainly from samples of the Voltaian, Buem and Cape Coast granitoids; very high salinity waters which are not suitable for most domestic and irrigation purposes and are mainly from the Keta Basin aquifers; and intermediate salinity groundwaters consisting of groundwater from the Keta basin aquifers with minor contributions from the other major terrains. The major water type identified in this study is the Ca–Mg–HCO3 type, which degrades into predominantly Na–Cl–SO4 more saline groundwaters towards the coast. 相似文献
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8.
Rambabu Singh Tajdarul H. Syed Suresh Kumar Manoj Kumar A. S. Venkatesh 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(14):318
The present study assesses the impact of coal mining on surface and groundwater resources of Korba Coalfield, Central India. Accordingly, water samples collected from various sources are analyzed for major ions, trace elements, and other mine effluent parameters. Results show that the groundwater samples are slightly acidic, whereas river water and mine water samples are mildly alkaline. Elevated concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, HCO3 ?, and SO4 2? alongside the molar ratios (Ca2++Mg2+)/(SO4 2?+HCO3 ?) <1 and Na+/Cl? >1 suggest that silicate weathering (water-rock interaction) coupled with ion exchange are dominant solute acquisition processes controlling the chemistry of groundwater in the study area. The overall hydrogeochemistry of the area is dominated by two major hydrogeochemical facies (i.e., Ca–Cl–SO4 and Ca–HCO3). Analysis of groundwater and river water quality index (GRWQI) elucidates that majority (82%) of samples are of “excellent” to “good” category, and the remaining 12% are of “poor” quality. Similarly, the effluent water quality index (EWQI) indicates that 6 out of 8 samples belong to excellent quality. Concentration of trace element constituents such as As, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Cd is found to be well within the stipulated limits for potable use, except for Fe, Mn, and Pb. Suitability of water samples for irrigation purpose, established using standard tools like Wilcox and USSL diagrams, reveal “excellent to permissible” category for majority of the samples. The present study also substantiates the effectiveness of the measures implemented for the treatment of mine effluent water. 相似文献
9.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2020,80(2):125593
Andarokh-Kardeh region is located northeast of Iran and provides notable part of potable water of Mashhad, the second most populated city of Iran with over 3 million inhabitants. Stable isotopes (18O, 2H and 13C), hydrodynamic, and hydrochemical indicators have been applied to evaluate water resources quality comprehensively and to present a hydrogeological conceptual model for the Andarokh-Kardeh region. Hydrochemical studies indicate that chemical rock weathering and ion exchange are the main factors controlling the quality of water in the region, while atmospheric (precipitation) as well as anthropogenic sources have no notable effect. Stable isotopes (18O and 2H) studies in surface and groundwater samples demonstrate enriched values in Kardeh Dam Reservoir (KDR) due to evaporation and also demonstrate that the interaction between KDR and downstream groundwater resources is negligible. The δ13C isotope and DIC and DOC concentrations indicate role of carbonate mineral dissolution from Mozdooran Formation, atmospheric and soil CO2 and also the domination of C3 vegetation coverage in the study region. The developed conceptual model for Andarokh-Kardeh demonstrates different hydrogeological conditions during wet and dry periods, and highlights the main process which affect hydrogeology of the region. Water quality studies and the developed conceptual model demonstrate the main factors controlling water quality and the main hydrogeological characteristic of Andarokh-Kardeh region which can be used by water resources scientists for the future water management programmes. 相似文献
10.
基于模糊逻辑T算子和协T算子的地下水水质评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文运用地下水水质的模糊综合评判分析方法，选取地下水水质的主要影响因子，借助模糊逻辑T算子和协T算子，编制了有效的MATLAB计算机程序，绘制了隶属度函数的数学图形，对北方某水源地地下水水化学资料进行了模糊数学综合评价。评价结果表明，研究区采样点水质为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的占96．63％，大部分地下水水质较好，符合饮用水的要求。借助T和协T逻辑算子的模糊综合评判法评价地下水水质效果较好。 相似文献
11.
Kathleen M. Bower 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):107-123
Costa Rica is a developing country whose citizens pride themselves on care for the environment. Environmental care is only slowly spreading to include safe and reliable water supplies. Plentiful water resources are used for energy production, industry, municipal water supply, and agriculture. The amount and quality of water resources must be understood and protected for future sustainable use. Based on interviews and conversations, some Costarricense are aware of the need for protection of natural water resources through preservation of forests; other steps toward sustainable water use are not universally valued. Streams are not the preferred source of domestic water supply due to potential water contamination; mostly from untreated sewage, sediment and agricultural chemicals. Quantity and quality of ground water supplies, the current main source of domestic water, are being investigated by scientists of Costa Rica. While 99 % of the population has access to a known supply of domestic water, only 82 % of the population has consistent access to potable drinking water. The potable water supply is smaller in rural areas. Three percent of sewage in Costa Rica is treated before release to the environment. The Río Tárcoles water basin, underlying the largest urban area of Costa Rica, is probably the most polluted in Central America. More is spent for treatment of water-borne diseases than on water supply and sewage treatment. Other potential sources of water contamination are examined. 相似文献
12.
Groundwaters of Primorye, including its coastal areas, were studied during the past ten years. The macro-and microelement composition of more than 130 samples showed that shallow groundwaters of southern Primorye with pH ranging between 5.4 and 8.4 contain oxygen (up to 10 mg/l) and typically have a mixed ionic composition. The microelement variations reflect both the natural features of the host rocks and possible anthropogenic pollution in the most populated areas. No seawater intrusions were recognized in the study areas, which is confirmed by the chemical composition of the waters, the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of the groundwaters, the atmospheric precipitation, and the coastal seawaters of Primorye. In spite of the variations of individual components, the quality of the groundwaters used for potable purposes is rather satisfactory as compared to the Russian and the World Health Organization standards. At the same time, taking into account the increase of various microelements and biogenic components in the waters, the monitoring and control of the water composition is strongly recommended to preserve their potable quality. 相似文献
13.
Water samples were collected from 18 natural springs within the West Fork of the Obey River watershed. Overton County, Tennessee,
to determine if groundwater was adversely affected by runoff from abandoned surface coal mines Six springs were found to be
affected severely and deemed unfit as a source of potable water Water quality of the remaining springs was essentially unaffected
it appeared that proximity to surface mines, elevation at the outflow, and geology of the surrounding strata determined the
quality of the groundwater
The unit is jointly supported by Tennessee Technological University, the Tennessee Wildlife Resource Agency, and the US. Fish
and Wildlife Service 相似文献
14.
为查明神东矿区地下水质量状况和补给来源,分析测试了不同含水层(第四系松散层、白垩系洛河组、侏罗系直罗组和延安组含水层)的一般化学指标、毒理学指标和环境同位素(D、18O、3H)的值,利用环境同位素(D、18O、3H)分析该区地下水的补给来源和更新能力,利用单指标综合评价和影响因素识别相结合的方法研究了区内地下水的质量现状和影响因素,采用四步法计算出毒理学指标的饮水途径健康风险值。结果表明:(1)第四系松散层地下水、白垩系洛河组地下水和侏罗系风化带水主要为现代大气降水补给,更新快。侏罗系深层基岩裂隙水主要为晚更新世冰期降水补给,与现代降水基本无水力联系;(2)侏罗系延安组地下水水质较差,Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水所占比例较高,达到47.9%,其他含水层地下水水质较好。总体上,对Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水单指标贡献率较大的指标为钠氟化物TDS氯化物硫酸盐;(3)毒理学指标中氟化物的健康风险值最大,其他毒理学指标健康风险基本都在可接受范围内。因此,氟化物应作为水污染监测和防治中的优先控制物。本次研究成果将为矿区水源地的选择和污染物防控提供科学依据。 相似文献
15.
V. Sivasankar Kiyoshi Omine T. A. M. Msagati M. Senthil kumar A. Chandramohan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(8):3093-3107
The present research is contributed on groundwater quality, its deterioration and evaluation based on drinking, irrigation, and construction standards. The study area chosen for investigation on water quality is the Tirunagar (TN) area, located in the south-west of Madurai City. The TN area was formerly an agricultural land but presently a residential area that is at a starvation of drinking water quality. A total of 49 bore well samples from TN and Amaithisolai (AS) were investigated for drinking, irrigation, and construction qualities based on various physicochemical parameters. The chemistry of groundwater samples was reflected from very hard and noncarbonate-dominating species. TN was recorded with higher inorganic species in groundwater sources than AS. The Water Quality Index values indicated that 75 % of the samples fall under excellent category and the positive Langelier Saturation Index values of the samples highlighted their tendency to deposit calcium carbonate. The Gibbs plot showed that AS samples were categorized under the domination of rock–water interaction whereas the TN samples under evaporation zone. The US Salinity Laboratory Staff plot depicted that all the groundwater sources at AS with C3S1 type whereas 88 % of the TN sources represented C4S1 type. The results from Wilcox diagram for irrigation inferred that the groundwater sources at AS were permissible, but 68 % of the samples at TN was registered under unfit type. The suitability of groundwater from the knowledge of residual sodium carbonate, sodium absorption ratio, and sodium percentage was also investigated. The perception based on standards recommended the groundwater sources for construction activities. The contribution of ionic species and inter-relationship among the ions were also interpreted from the knowledge of statistical studies. 相似文献
16.
贵州省饮用天然矿泉水资源非常丰富,且水质优良,本文对贵州省岩溶地区饮用天然矿泉水进行了系统的水样采集、水质化验等工作。检测结果显示,贵州省岩溶区饮用天然矿泉水pH值7. 0～8. 1,为中性水;溶解性总固体(TDS)含量介于160. 64～925. 10 mg/L之间,平均含量为369. 70 mg/L,属淡水;总硬度(以CaCO_3计) 136. 8～740. 6 mg/L,平均硬度为293. 0 mg/L,属微硬-硬水;有益元素锶含量介于0. 11～6. 91 mg/L之间,平均含量为1. 28 mg/L,总体上,贵州省饮用天然矿泉水属中性微硬-硬富锶型淡水。Piper三线图显示其水化学类型以HCO~(3-)-Ca~(2+)(Mg~(2+))为主。基于前人研究成果,并结合多种地球化学图解分析,旨在剖析贵州省饮用天然矿泉水水化学特征,探讨其宏量组分来源。贵州省饮用天然矿泉水Gibbs图解显示,其水化学组分主要来源于岩石风化淋滤作用,部分受大气降雨影响较明显; Mg/Na-Ca/Na图解投点均落于碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩之间,且明显偏向于碳酸盐岩,指示其主要受控于碳酸盐岩的溶滤作用;HCO~(3-)-(Mg~(2+)/Ca~(2+))图解投点主要集中在方解石和白云石过渡区域,显示其主要来源于方解石的溶解,白云石溶解亦有一定贡献。通过宏量组分来源相关分析,对贵州省岩溶地区饮用天然矿泉水成因规律的认识有一定指导意义。 相似文献
17.
Gianni Cortecci Tiziano Boschetti Enrico Dinelli Rosa Cidu Francesca Podda Marco Doveri 《Applied Geochemistry》2009
Trace element geochemistry of the Arno River and its main tributaries was investigated on the basis of two sampling campaigns carried out in November 1996 and June 1997. By analyzing filtered and unfiltered water samples, Fe and Al are found in solution mainly as colloidal particles of size lower than 0.45 μm. In June (lower flow rate), Fe and Al are enriched in the filtered waters from the main river, and this feature was interpreted in terms of higher water temperature promoting the formation of smaller particles, thus reducing their aggregation properties. Iron and Al show perfectly synchronous downstream profiles along the Arno River, correlate quite well each to other, and display abrupt concentration increases near to Florence, where the lithology of the catchment changes from siliciclastic dominated to clay-sand (lacustrine-marine)-dominated. The same behaviour is shown by most of the other trace elements in the river, thus supporting a general lithological control. Trace elements in the final part of the Arno River are influenced by flocculation processes in addition to mixing. Adsorption phenomena on oxy-hydroxides are denoted by good elemental correlations with Fe (and Al). Sporadic anomalous concentration values, possibly related to anthropogenic contributions, may prevent such correlations. Referring to the quality of waters for potable use and fish life, toxic elements are below the acceptable limits of current European regulations, with few exceptions for Hg exceeding guideline values. Multivariate analysis groups trace elements according to geochemical affinities and natural or anthropogenic sources, thus distinguishing contaminated from uncontaminated samples. The results achieved in this work will help regional and national Authorities for compliance with the EU water policy, especially in assessing the water quality at the river basin scale and its vulnerability to human activities. 相似文献
18.
西安市现有21处城市饮用水水源地,供水能力达180.6万t/d,服务人口615.9万人,但水源地保护区污染严重,水质综合达标率不足90%,主要超标项目是氟化物、锰、总氮等。本文在对21处水源地调研的基础上,分析了造成以上问题的成因,针对性的提出了水源地保护的相关对策,以期为西安市城市饮用水水源地保护工作、保障饮用水水源... 相似文献
19.
Urban impacts analysis on hydrochemical and hydrogeological evolution of groundwater in shallow aquifer Linares,Mexico 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In northeast Mexico is Linares City, which has an extensive agricultural area and many industrial activities. Near this city
is the Cerro-Prieto Dam (~12 km NE direction); this drinking water reservoir captures the water of the Pablillo River catchment
area and constitutes an important source of potable water for the metropolitan area of Monterrey, the largest urban center
of this region. Groundwater sources in this area provide drinking water to Linares inhabitants. A hydrogeological and hydrochemical
study was conducted on the shallow aquifers surrounding the urban centers (Linares and Hualahuises) to determine the evolution
of the water quality between 1981 and 2009. The hydrochemistry was assessed upgradient and downgradient from the potential
contamination sources in Linares city. Groundwater showed a chemical evolution from calcium-bicarbonate type to calcium–sodium-sulfate
type. The water qualities in the downstream area after Linares are inferior compared to the upstream area before the city.
Nitrate concentrations in groundwater increased significantly after 28 years indicating an important pollutant process in
this period of time over the study area. The possible pollution sources could be the agricultural and farm activities, industrial
development, landfills leachate, septic tanks and wastewater of municipal and domestic consumption. If the present scenario
continues, an aquifer vulnerability assessment would be important for the sustainable water management. 相似文献
20.
陕南石煤储量大、分布广,开采和利用历史久远,因富含Se等微量元素而备受关注。为了研究陕南石煤中的元素对其分布区水中元素含量和富集程度的影响程度和影响机理,共采集并分析了岚皋县北部佐龙镇晚前寒武纪—早古生代石煤出露区和开采区的天然水样35个。研究结果表明:石煤分布区的水质大部分较好,参照国家生活饮用水标准(GB 5749—2006)和世界卫生组织饮用水卫生标准(WHO)可知适于饮用的水样占总水样的62.86%。其中以Se含量高为特征,有11个水样中的Se达到中国饮用天然矿泉水标准(GB8537—2018)规定的含量标准(10~50μg/L)。水样pH值为6.72~8.34,呈近中性或弱碱性;所有样品均为淡水,溶解性总固体平均值为39.22 mg/L;水化学类型主要以Ca-HCO3和Ca·Mg-HCO3为主;水化学成分主要受岩石风化控制,水中Se主要来源于石煤风化以及水-石煤相互作用导致的元素溶出,富硒石煤是当地水中Se元素的主要来源。 相似文献