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1.
“八国集团”2009意大利峰会减排目标下的全球碳排放情景分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
＂八国集团＂（G8）于2009年7月在意大利举行的峰会上,提出2050年全球温室气体排放削减50%,其中发达国家削减80%的目标（简称＂G8目标＂）.本研究设置4种碳排放情景,对＂G8目标＂的内涵以及科学性、公正性和可行性进行了分析.结果表明：（1）将2050年的大气CO2浓度控制在450ppmv以内的唯一情景是：全球发达国家和发展中国家都于2005年开始均匀减排至2050年,且满足＂G8＂全球减排目标.在现实条件下,这种情景是不可能发生的.（2）发展中国家即便遵从极为苛刻的排放路径,＂G8目标＂仍不能满足其排放需求：在＂G8目标＂约束下,未来45年发展中国家将短缺1/3以上的排放需求量.（3）按＂G8目标＂,在2006~2050年期间,发达国家和发展中国家的人均累计排放量分别为81吨碳和40~47吨碳,前者约为后者的2倍;而历史上,发达国家的人均累计排放量已是发展中国家的12倍.基于上述结果,得出如下结论：（1）＂G8目标＂企图把发展中国家纳入减排框架,这不仅会阻滞发展中国家的工业化进程,也将导致发展中国家阵营内部因分解减排责任而产生矛盾,甚至发生分化;（2）＂G8目标＂限制了发展中国家的碳排放,不仅延续了发达国家与发展中国家历史时期的排放不平等,而且进一步加剧了未来排放的不平等,是对发展中国家的严重不公平;（3）作为＂G8目标＂理论依据的450ppmv大气CO2浓度的控制阈值不现实,缺乏可行性.总之,＂G8目标＂背离了＂共同但有区别的责任＂原则,是发展中国家所不能接受的. 相似文献
2.
2050年大气CO2浓度控制：各国排放权计算 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本文的主要目的是为即将开始的控制大气CO2浓度的国际谈判,在一些核心问题上提供定量数据.作者指出：要实现控制大气CO2浓度的长远目标,在目前由少数国家主导的且备受争议的减排话语下是难以完成的,必须建立以各国排放配额分配为基石的全球责任体系.本研究首先论证了“人均累计排放指标”最能体现“共同而有区别的责任”原则和公平正义准则,然后设定2050年前将大气CO2浓度控制在470ppmv的目标,接着以1900年为时间起点,对各国过去（1900-2005年）人均累计排放量、应得排放配额以及今后（2006-2050年）的排放配额做了逐年计算,并根据1900-2050年的应得配额数、1900-2005年的实际排放量、2005年的排放水平、1996-2005年排放量平均增速这四个客观指标,将世界上大于30万人口的国家或地区分为四大类：已形成排放赤字国家、排放总量需降低国家或地区、排放增速需降低国家或地区、可保持目前排放增速国家.2005年前,G8国家大多已经用完到2050年的排放配额,累计形成的赤字价值已超过5.5万亿美元（以每吨CO2价值20美元计）,这些国家即使今后实现其提出的大幅度减排目标,它们在2006-2050年的人均排放量上还会大大高于发展中国家,并还将形成6.3万亿美元的排放赤字.发展中国家由于历史上人均累计排放低,大部分处在第3和第4类,即今后尚有较大的排放空间.中国尽管可占全球2006-2050年总排放配额的30%以上,但今后只有降低排放增速,才能做到配额内排放.最后围绕与国际谈判相关的9个问题,提出了作者自己的看法. 相似文献
3.
国际温室气体减排方案评估及中国长期排放权讨论 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对IPCC,UNDP和OECD等7个全球CO2减排方案做了模拟,发现在分配2006～2050年各国排放权时,这些方案不但没有考虑历史上（1900～2005年）发达国家的人均累计排放量已是发展中国家7．54倍的事实,而且还为发达国家设计了比发展中国家大2-3～6．7倍的人均未来排放权,这将大大剥夺发展中国家的发展权益．由此本文明确指出：IPCC等方案违背了国际关系中的公平正义原则,也违背了“共同但有区别的责任”原则,因此没有资格作为今后国际气候变化谈判的参考．本文同时预测了中国在强力推动低碳技术应用情景下2006～2050年的排放预期,并将此结果同全球其他国家和国家集团作了比较,发现即使在450～470ppmv这样严格的大气CO2浓度控制目标下,中国亦有足够的逻辑和道义支持,获得与这个预期相当的排放权． 相似文献
4.
PM2.5是我国大气复合污染的关键污染物,随着新的国家空气质量标准的实施,PM2.5成为未来我国大气污染防控的重点对象.准确细致地掌握PM2.5的来源结构是有效防控PM2.5的前提条件,但全面系统的我国PM2.5源解析研究结果在国内外文献中却鲜有报道.研究基于2009年全年在深圳开展的PM2.5样品采集与分析,应用正向矩阵因子解析(PMF)模型对其主要来源及时空变化规律进行了解析,结果表明,深圳市区(大学城点)大气PM2.5年均浓度为42.2μg m-3,其中二次硫酸盐生成、机动车排放、生物质燃烧和二次硝酸盐生成是最主要来源,对PM2.5总质量分别贡献了30.0%,26.9%,9.8%和9.3%;高氯源、重油燃烧、海盐、扬尘和冶金工业分别贡献了PM2.5总质量的2%~4%.不同源贡献的时空变化规律显示,机动车排放主要为本地源,二次硫酸盐和生物质燃烧主要为区域源,而本地排放和区域传输对二次硝酸盐生成都有重要贡献.二次有机气溶胶(SOA)的识别一直是颗粒物源解析的难点,在本研究中结合了PMF模型与OC/EC比值法对PM2.5中SOA进行了估算,结果表明,深圳市区(大学城点)PM2.5中SOA年均浓度为7.5μg m-3,占有机物质量的57%,机动车排放是SOA前体物的最主要来源.研究可为国内今后更广泛深入地开展PM2.5污染与源解析研究提供相关案例借鉴. 相似文献
5.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(11)
冻结能够增加土壤二氧化碳和氧化亚氮排放以及活性碳和氮的释放.然而,目前很少报道土壤冻结处理后两种温室气体排放变化的差异以及与土壤属性的关联性.论文研究了土壤冻结强度和冻结时间对中国东北成熟阔叶红松混交林和临近的次生白桦林土壤二氧化碳(CO2)和氧化亚氮(N2O)、氮素净矿化量、微生物量和可浸提的碳和氮含量的影响.两种林地土壤具有不同的微生物量和容重.取上述两种温带林地0~5和5~10 cm原状土柱,分别进行?8,?18和?80℃冻结处理10和145 d,然后各自在10℃下融化培养21 d.未进行冻结前处理的原状土柱样品,10℃培养21 d为对照.融化后土壤N2O和CO2排放量随林分类型、土壤深度和冷冻处理而发生变化,该差异归因于冻结后所致的土壤充水孔隙度(WFPS)和物质有效性变化.土壤湿度大约为80%WFPS时,融化期森林土壤N2O排放量最大,而森林土壤CO2排放量却随土壤湿度增加而显著地增加.冻结处理后,土壤溶解性有机碳含量和CO2排放量均随冻结时间延长而增加,这与土壤微生物碳含量降低相一致;冻结温度显著影响森林土壤氮素净矿化量和净氨化量以及氧化亚氮排放量.土壤N2O排放量与土壤p H和容重呈显著的负相关关系,却与土壤K2SO4浸提的硝态氮含量和氮素净氨化量呈显著的正相关关系.土壤CO2排放量与土壤氮素净矿化量和净氨化量呈显著的正相关关系.因此,基于较宽范围的冻结温度和冻结时间的观测结果,融化后土壤N2O和CO2排放量主要依赖于冻结处理后氮素净矿化量、释放的物质有效性以及有关通气性的土壤属性变化. 相似文献
6.
植被类型及淹水带来的干湿交替过程是影响温室气体排放的重要因素.本文通过原状土柱模拟实验,模拟西洞庭湖水文节律变化对不同土壤—植被系统温室气体排放的影响.利用静态箱—气相色谱法研究不同植被—土壤类型(芦苇湿地、灰化苔草湿地和刚砍伐的杨树林湿地)在季节性淹水条件下的CO_2、CH_4和N_2O的排放通量变化,并探讨了在水位变化的情况下,不同植被—土壤类型对全球增温潜势的贡献.结果表明:在不同的水文条件下,芦苇湿地的CO_2排放通量均显著高于苔草和杨树林湿地;淹水过程导致3种植被类型覆盖湿地CO_2排放通量显著降低,甲烷排放通量升高,其中芦苇湿地CH_4排放通量升高显著,苔草和杨树林湿地CH_4排放通量升高不明显;水文变化及植被类型对N_2O排放通量的影响不显著;不同植被类型湿地对全球增温潜势的贡献为:芦苇杨树林苔草,分别为16191.3、3405.6和1883.1 kg/hm~2.本研究结果表明在西洞庭湖湿地恢复过程中,不再人为增大芦苇湿地面积,将杨树林湿地恢复为苔草湿地,更有利于降低湿地恢复过程中温室气体的排放. 相似文献
7.
养殖污染水体-沉积物中磷的化学行为 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过受猪场污水影响的池塘和鱼塘水生生态系统中表层水。沉积物的磷含量、磷吸附能力比较,了解猪场污水、鱼塘养殖对表层水。沉积物系统磷行为的影响。结果表明,猪场污水排放和鱼塘养殖都会明显增加水体中溶解性反应磷（DRP）和溶解性有机磷（DOP）的含量,从DRP、DOP、PP3种形态磷在总磷中所占的比例来看,DRP是水体中主要增加的磷含量。猪场污水排放对水体中磷的增加作用比鱼塘养殖更剧烈一些,猪粪是水体中磷的主要来源。但是猪场污水排放对沉积物中不同形态磷含量的影响不明显。这可能与水体中磷的存在形态和转化时间有关。鱼塘养殖增加了沉积物中有机质、Fe-P、AI-P和总无机磷含量,增加了沉积物对磷的最大吸附容量,但是对磷的吸附能力却有所降低,进而增加了沉积物中磷向上覆水释放的可能。 相似文献
8.
池塘养殖是农业源污染的重要来源之一,尤其在水网密布、渔业发达的太湖流域,控制池塘养殖过程中氮、磷、化学需氧量等污染物的排放,对于减轻水体富营养化程度、恢复水质健康、维持地区社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义.基于野外采样、入户调查、遥感解译等多种手段,结合GIS软件技术,对太湖流域池塘养殖污染物的排放进行了估算.结果表明,20142015年太湖流域总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、总磷、可溶性磷、COD Cr的年排放量分别为6.1×10^6、1.1×10^6、1.7×10^6、1.3×10^5、1.1×10^5和8.0×10^7 kg.其中鱼类池塘养殖排放系数分别为69.5、12.4、20.1、1.6、1.3和919.8 kg/hm 2;虾类池塘排放系数分别为3.0、0.5、0.9、0.07、0.06和39.3 kg/hm^2;蟹类池塘排放系数分别为6.4、1.2、1.9、0.2、0.1和84.9 kg/hm^2.太湖流域池塘养殖各类污染物排放分布特征为位于太湖西北部、南部和东北部的大部分地区池塘养殖污染物排放较高,位于太湖东部和太湖西南部的池塘养殖污染物排放较低.池塘养殖业发达、饲料肥料投入高、养殖密度大等是造成该流域池塘养殖污染物排放较高的主要原因.针对太湖流域池塘养殖减排治理,建议推行合理的池塘污染治理管理政策与策略,综合考虑饲料利用率与投放量、养殖面积、养殖密度、养殖生物生态混养,以及一些科学养殖管理措施和净化养殖废水的技术措施等. 相似文献
9.
水体甲烷（CH4）主要通过气泡和扩散传输排放到大气,这两种途径在CH4总排放中的相对贡献及环境影响因子目前关注较少.本文以洞庭湖湿地3种生境类型（光滩、苔草、芦苇）为研究对象,通过静态箱法和扩散模型法估算洪水期CH4总排放通量、扩散排放通量和气泡排放通量,并分析其水体环境因子影响.结果表明：苔草地CH4总排放量最高,为6.49±3.12 mg（C）/（m2·h）.在3个生境中,CH4扩散排放占总排放通量的1.34%~3.91%,气泡排放占96.09%~98.66%.扩散排放通量受水体pH、电导率和水温的影响,而CH4的总排放和气泡排放主要受水温的影响.当水温低于11.7℃时,水体CH4以扩散排放为主,但当水温高于11.7℃时,水体CH4主要通过气泡排放.但这一温度阈值是否同样适用于其他类型湿地还需要更多实验验证.本研究对于揭示中低纬度内陆湖泊水体CH4排放过程有重要意义. 相似文献
10.
夏季华北地区二次气溶胶的模拟研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过模式结果与观测的NOx,CO,O3,NH3,HNO3,SO2和PM2.5的对比,说明CMAQ空气质量模式能够较好地模拟华北地区污染物的变化.同时,模式结果表明河北、河南和山东地区NH3的浓度较高,平均浓度为(30～35)×10?9.模拟试验的结果表明高浓度的NH3使得二次气溶胶中硫酸盐气溶胶生成效率提高了大约30%以上,特别是在邯郸、安阳和长治交界地区其作用更显著,达到了50%.而且,NH3还会增加二次气溶胶中含氮气溶胶和铵盐成分,二者的质量浓度和与硫酸盐气溶胶相当.北京地区边界层高度在白天较高,中午平均高度为1500m.这使得SO2,NH3和HNO3可以输送到边界层上部850hPa.硫酸盐、铵盐和硝酸盐分别在边界层上部和下部形成各自的高浓度区.由于PM2.5的寿命较长,因此它们可以被输送到对流层的中层,形成深厚的气溶胶层,构成了北京地区气溶胶的穹隆.模式结果表明:如要控制华北地区夏季大气中气溶胶的浓度,除了减少SO2和NOx的排放以及一次气溶胶的排放外,降低大气中NH3的排放也是有效办法之一. 相似文献
11.
12.
Fractals,fault-gouge,and friction 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The particle-size distribution of a natural fault-gouge has been determined over the range from 5 m to 40 cm. The gouge is self-similar over the range from 5 m to 1 cm having a fractal dimension of 2.60±0.11. The lower and upper fractal limits were also determined. The lower fractal limit occurs at a dimension of about 1–10 m where mineral cleavage and intergranular porosity dominate the cataclasis. The upper fractal limit occurs at particle sizes on the order of 1 cm where the scaled particle density decreases abruptly by a factor of about three. By analogy to soil-mechanics shear box tests and laboratory rock friction experiments, it is argued that the upper fractal limit of the gouge determines the characteristic displacement parameter in stick-slip friction models. A characteristic displacement on the order of 1 cm is consistent with estimates based on numerical simulations of faulting. 相似文献
13.
Sun, climate, hunger, and mass migration 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
Kenneth J. Hsu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(5):449-472
Paleoclimatic studies indicate four epochs of global cooling during the last 4 000 years, i. e. during the few centuries before
and after 2000 BC, 800 BC, 400 AD, and 1 600 AD; the quasiperiodicity corresponds to cyclic variation of solar activity. Global
temperature changes influenced regional precipitation patterns: Northern Europe was wetter while the middle- and low-latitude
lands were more arid during colder epochs. Both sets of cold climatical conditions were unfavorable for agricultural production.
Historical records show that large demographic movements in history took place because of crop failures and mass starvation,
rather than escaping from war zones. The “wandering” of the Germanic tribes during the first two or three centuries of the
Christian Era is one example. Whereas the accelerated release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels is ultimately
to cause global warming, historical evidence indicates, however, that global warming has been on the whole a blessing to mankind.
Global cooling, on the other hand, has curtailed agricultural production and has led to famines and mass migrations of people.
Perhaps the most important task at the present is not so much computer-modelling of greenhouse effect on global climate, but
water-management and agricultural researches to insure food-supply for an everincreasing world population. 相似文献
14.
The Mill Run watershed is a structurally-controlled synclinal basin on the eastern limb of the Massanutten Mountain complex of northwestern Virginia. Bedrock contacts are obscured by coarse sandstone debris from exposures near basin divides. Colluvium blankets more than half the basin, masking geomorphic surfaces, affecting vegetation patterns, and contributing to the convexity of the alluvial, terrace, pediment and erosion surfaces. Examination of the bedrock geology, geomorphology, soils and vegetation shows distinct distributional correspondences. Vegetation is strongly interdependent with geomorphology, bedrock geology, and soils. On convex colluvial slopes, mixed hardwood forests are most common. In concave coves and deep gorges, mixed hardwoods are replaced by conifers. In thin colluvium, in poorly developed soils, and on blockfields, chestnut oak is singularly prevalent. Conifers dominate shaley bedrock areas. Soils and surficial sediments have a major effect on near-surface hydrology. During wet seasons, cemented horizons in the subsurface cause temporary saturation in the superjacent horizons; lateral movement of soil-water effectively eliminates a vertical component of ground-water recharge. Vegetation is strongly dependent on water availability and thus reflects the distribution of subsurface barriers and sediment-soil fades changes. 相似文献
15.
Art Raiche 《Surveys in Geophysics》1994,15(2):159-207
Researchers in the field of electromagnetic modelling and inversion have taken advantage of the impressive improvements of new computer hardware to explore exciting new initiatives and solid extensions of older ideas. Finite-difference time-stepping methods have been successfully applied to full-domain 3D models. Another new method combines time-stepping with spatial frequency solutions. The 2D model 3D source (2.5D) problem is also receiving fresh attention both for continental and sea floor applications.The 3D inversion problem is being attacked by several researchers using distorted Born approximation methods. Q-domain inversions using transformation to pseudo-wave field and travel time tomography have also been successfully tested for low contrast problems. Subspace methods have been successful in dramatically reducing the computational burden of the under-determined style of inversion. Static magnetic field interpretation methods are proving useful for delineating the position of closely-spaced multiple targets.Novel (appeals to nature) methods are also being investigated. Neural net algorithms have been tested for determining the depth and offset of buried pipes from EM ellipticity data. Genetic algorithms and simulated annealing have been tested for extremal model construction.The failure of researchers to take adequate account of the properties of the mathematical transformation from algorithms to the number domain represented by the computing process remains a major stumbling block. Structured programming, functional languages, and other software tools and methods are presented as an essential part of the serial process leading from EM theory to geological interpretation. 相似文献
16.
Michael O. Garcia Diane Hanano Ashton Flinders Dominique Weis Garrett Ito Mark D. Kurz 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(6):1445-1463
The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km3) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high 3He/4He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized. 相似文献
17.
Transitional, entraining, cloudy, and coastal boundary layers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wayne M. Angevine 《Acta Geophysica》2008,56(1):2-20
Atmospheric boundary layers are marvelously varied and complex. Recent research has examined some of that variety. Boundary
layers over land undergo drastic changes throughout the day as the sun rises and sets, and as clouds form and dissipate. Air
is entrained at the top of the boundary layer at varying rates. As air moves over the coast, the boundary layer reacts to
changes in surface forcing. All of these changes affect pollutant transport and weather formation. In this paper, research
attempting to understand transitional, cloud-topped, and coastal boundary layers, and boundary-layer top entrainment, is reviewed. 相似文献
18.
Dynamics of dissolved major (Na,K, Ca,Mg, and Si) and trace (Al,Fe, Mn,Zn, Cu,and Cr) elements along the lower Orinoco River 
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下载免费PDF全文 Abrahan Mora Jürgen Mahlknecht Juan Carlos Baquero Alain Laraque Juan A. Alfonso Daniel Pisapia Laura Balza 《水文研究》2017,31(3):597-611
This study addresses the changes in dissolved major and trace element concentrations along the Orinoco River, including the mixing zone between the Orinoco and Apure Rivers. Water samples from the Apure and Orinoco Rivers were collected monthly in four sectors over a period of 15 months. Auxiliary parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and temperature), total suspended sediments, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and major (Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Si) and trace (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Cr) element concentrations were measured in all sectors. The relative contribution of both rivers after the Apure–Orinoco confluence was determined using Ca as a tracer. Moreover, a mixing model was developed to determine whether dissolved species exhibit a conservative behavior during mixing. The results indicate that DOC is removed from waters during the Apure–Orinoco mixing, probably due to absorption of DOC on mineral phases supplied by the Apure River. Dissolved Na, Ca, and Mg behave conservatively during the mixing processes, and their concentrations are controlled by a dilution process. The anomaly in the temporal pattern of K in the Orinoco is caused by the input of biogenic K originating from the Apure River during the high‐water stage. The loss of dissolved Si during the low‐water stage can be explained by the uptake of Si by diatoms. Dissolved Mn, Zn, Al, and Fe showed a non‐conservative behavior during the Apure–Orinoco mixing. The removal of Mn and Zn from the dissolved phase can be explained by the formation of Mn‐oxyhydroxides and the scavenging of Zn onto Mn oxides. Dissolved Fe is controlled by redox processes, although the removals of Fe and Al due to the preferential adsorption of large organometallic complexes by mineral surfaces after the Apure–Orinoco confluence can affect the mobility of both elements during transport. The conservative behavior shown by Cu and Cr can be related to the tendency of both elements to be complexed with small organic colloids, which are not preferentially adsorbed by clays. 相似文献
19.
Drop calorimetry measurements between 900 and 1850 K are reported for amorphous anorthite, andesine, wollastonite, diopside, cordierite and pyrope. The isobaric heat capacities of the glassy and liquid phases of these materials, and the enthalpies of fusion of the minerals have been derived. The calorimetric entropies of fusion of these substances and of other oxide minerals are generally consistent with the calculated volume changes on melting and with the observed pressure dependences of the melting points. The thermodynamics of mixing of liquid plagioclases have been examined, and it is concluded that their enthalpies of mixing are markedly different from the values derived directly from solution calorimetry measurements at 985 K. 相似文献
20.
Wang Qiang Tang Gongjian Hao Lulu Wyman Derek Ma Lin Dan Wei Zhang Xiuzheng Liu Jinheng Huang Tongyu Xu Chuanbing 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(10):1499-1518
Modern oceans contain large bathymetric highs(spreading oceanic ridges, aseismic ridges or oceanic plateaus and inactive arc ridges) that, in total, constitute more than 20–30% of the total area of the world's ocean floor. These bathymetric highs may be subducted, and such processes are commonly referred to as ridge subduction. Such ridge subduction events are not only very common and important geodynamic processes in modern oceanic plate tectonics, they also play an important role in the generation of arc magmatism, material recycling, the growth and evolution of continental crust, the deformation and modification of the overlying plates, and metallogenesis at convergent plate boundaries. Therefore, these events have attracted widespread attention. The perpendicular or high-angle subduction of mid-ocean spreading ridges is commonly characterized by the occurrence of a slab window, and the formation of a distinctive adakite–high-Mg andesite–Nb-enriched basalt-oceanic island basalt(OIB) or a mid-oceanic ridge basalt(MORB)-type rock suite, and is closely associated with Au mineralization. Aseismic ridges or oceanic plateaus are traditionally considered to be difficult to subduct, to typically collide with arcs or continents or to induce flat subduction(low angle of less than 10°) due to the thickness of their underlying normal oceanic crust(6–7 km) and high topography. However, the subduction of aseismic ridges and oceanic plateaus occurred on both the western and eastern sides of the Pacific Ocean during the Cenozoic. On the eastern side of the Pacific Ocean, aseismic ridges or oceanic plateaus are being subducted flatly or at low angles beneath South and Central American continents, which may cause a magmatic gap. But slab melting can occur and adakites, or an adakite–high-Mg andesite–adakitic andesite–Nb-enriched basalt suite may be formed during the slab rollback or tearing. Cu-Au mineralization is commonly associated with such flat subduction events. On the western side of the Pacific Ocean, however, aseismic ridges and oceanic plateaus are subducted at relatively high angles(30°).These subduction processes can generate large scale eruptions of basalts, basaltic andesites and andesites, which may be derived from fractional crystallization of magmas originating from the subduction zone fluid-metasomatized mantle wedge. In addition,some inactive arc ridges are subducted beneath Southwest Japan, and these subduction processes are commonly associated with the production of basalts, high-Mg andesites and adakites and Au mineralization. Besides magmatism and Cu-Au mineralization,ridge subduction may also trigger subduction erosion in subduction zones. Future frontiers of research will include characterizing the spatial and temporal patterns of ridge subduction events, clarifying the associated geodynamic mechanisms, quantifying subduction zone material recycling, establishing the associated deep crustal and mantle events that generate or influence magmatism and Cu-Au mineralization, establishing criteria to recognize pre-Cenozoic ridge subduction, the onset of modernstyle plate tectonics and the growth mechanisms for Archean continental crust. 相似文献