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1.
The series of ionograms of the satellite radio sounding from altitudes below the ionospheric maximum, which were called a delayed lower track, is considered. The method for analyzing ionograms in such a series has been described. The appearance of the delayed lower track on ionograms is explained by the presence of a large ionospheric inhomogeneity which turns radiowaves of many frequencies toward a satellite. It has been assumed that the series of ionograms diagnoses the same inhomogeneity, the structural parameters of which can be determined. The electron density profiles in individual vertical sections of inhomogeneity and the inhomogeneity plasma frequency gradient have been presented, and an attempt to construct the spatial model of inhomogeneity has been made. 相似文献
2.
P. Šauli Z. Mošna J. Boška D. Kouba J. Laštovička D. Altadill 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2007,51(3):449-459
The changing state of the ionosphere is generally monitored by networks of vertical ionosondes that provide us with regular
ionospheric sounding. Many ionospheric applications require determination of the true-height electron density profiles. Therefore,
ionograms must be further inverted into real-height electron density profiles. The paper presents the comparison study of
the true-height electron density profiles inverted from ionograms using two different methods POLAN (Titheridge, 1985) and
NHPC (Huang and Reinish, 1996; Reinish et al., 2005), widely used by the ionospheric research community. Our results show
significant systematic differences between electron density profiles calculated by these two inversion methods.
pkn@ufa.cas.cz 相似文献
3.
电离层垂直探测方法获得的频高图是电离层观测中历史最为悠久的资料,利用现代微电子和计算机技术对大量历史胶片频高图的数字化转换、分析和保存,已成为拯救保护和利用这些珍贵历史资料的十分紧迫和重要的工作.本文采用数字和图像处理等技术对胶片频高图像进行数字化、校正、修复和格式转换,并开发出胶片频高图分析与转换程序,结合常用的SAO Explorer软件对武汉地区的胶片频高图进行了实例的分析.结果表明,该方法具有较好的可靠性和通用性,对大量历史频高图的数字化转换和分析具有实用性. 相似文献
4.
5.
高频天波返回散射探测作为重要的电离层探测手段,能够实现遥远区域电离层空间上的连续监测,探测获取的返回散射扫频电离图显示了探测频率-群路径-回波能量三者之间的关系.由于电离图包含了探测路径上的电离层状态信息,通过对其反演可以实时获取大面积范围的电离层参数.本文提出了一种基于解空间约束的返回散射前沿反演算法,能够重构电离层水平不均匀结构.针对反演非线性问题,采用Newton-Kontorovich方法进行求解,同时又引入了求解不适定问题的Tikhonov正则化方法,有益于解的稳定性和唯一性.利用模拟数据和实测数据分别对本文建立的算法进行了验证,并与Fridman和Fridman于1994年提出的反演方法进行了对比.结果表明,本文算法反演结果稳定,对返回散射前沿判读误差不敏感,与Fridman和Fridman 1994年方法相比,本文方法对电离层局部精细结构反演更加准确,具有较高的反演精度.本文提出的算法不但能够反演白天和夜间这种电离层较平稳时期的电离层状态,而且对于日出/日落时段等电子浓度分布变化较快情形下的电离层,也有很好的反演效果,表明了该算法在处理复杂多变的实际探测的返回散射电离图中的应用价值. 相似文献
6.
This paper considers the results of an experiment conducted in May 2002 on the radio path St. Petersburg-Spitsbergen with
a length of D = 2150 km and equipped with instrumentation for oblique ionospheric sounding (OIS). The features of OIS ionograms at various
degrees of magnetic activity are revealed, and a comparison of these ionograms with the vertical sounding (VS) data at the
Sodankyla observatory (Finland) is performed. This observatory is located near the reflection point of the path in question.
In order to estimate the auroral absorption, riometer data from the Sodankyla observatory were included in the analysis of
the OIS and VS ionograms. The merits of the OIS method as a diagnostic tool of ionospheroic plasma in comparison with VS at
high latitudes are demonstrated. These merits are mainly formulated for magnetically disturbed periods: in the presence of
B events (black-outs), anomalous sporadic Es formations, and a series of other events. 相似文献
7.
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of the main ionospheric trough location on the form of oblique sounding ionograms on the Murmansk-St. Petersburg subauroral radio path. Using a mathematical model of the high-latitude ionosphere, we have calculated four different distributions of electron density along the radio path. One of the distributions has been obtained when the trough is absent, and the remaining three distributions contain troughs of approximately identical depth and width but located at different distances from the ends of the radio path. Using the program of two-dimensional ray tracing, we numerically synthesized oblique-incidence ionograms for each of the four obtained distributions of electron density. The calculations have shown that the location of the main ionospheric trough affects considerably the shape of oblique-incidence ionograms. 相似文献
8.
The problem of radiosignal reflection from a plane layered isotropic ionosphere has been considered. The vertical sounding ionograms for ionospheric layers with a complicated structure have been modeled. It has been demonstrated that the structure of reflected signals depends on the degree of ionospheric irregularities. Diffuse reflection of radiosignals, caused by the vertical irregularity of the ionosphere, has been detected. 相似文献
9.
Ionosphere Disturbances Preceding Earthquakes according to the Data of Ground Based Station of the Vertical Ionospheric Sounding Wakkanai 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. A. Pulinets A. D. Legen’ka V. V. Hegai V. P. Kim L. P. Korsunova 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2018,58(5):686-692
The paper analyzes the data of manual ionograms processing of hourly measurements of the critical frequency foF2 of the F2 ionospheric layer at the Wakkanai ionospheric vertical sounding station (Japan) in a geomagnetically quiet environment before a series of earthquakes with magnitude M > 6.0, for which the station entered the earthquake preparation zone, in order to detect possible Ionospheric Disturbances Preceding Earthquakes (IDPE), and to determine their quantitative characteristics. Detected IDPE, in the opinion of the authors, can be related to the processes of preparation of the corresponding earthquakes, i.e., to be Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes (IPE). 相似文献
10.
The results of phenomenological analysis of data from oblique chirp sounding of the ionosphere in a 2007 heating experiment with possible recording of the effect of trapping sounding-radiation in an artificial ionospheric cavity and spotlighting it in the near (over the Earth’s surface) zone of the Sura facility are presented. The physical aspects of forming an additional trace on ionograms of oblique radio-sounding of the perturbed region of the ionosphere are discussed. 相似文献
11.
垂测电离图反演对研究电离层结构及运动、电离层波传播、空间气象应用等具有重要意义,一直以来受到十分广泛的重视.F_1层未充分发展的回波描迹是垂测电离图中观测到的最多的一种情况,此时垂测描迹上表现为F_1层到F_2层的平滑过渡,而不是F_1层充分发展时出现的尖点,然而现有电离层模型以及反演算法更多的是针对F_1层充分发展情况,即模型剖面在F_1层峰高处近似为抛物形状,此处电子浓度剖面梯度为无穷大,这不符合F_1层未充分发展时的剖面形态,即F_1层剖面未到达抛物顶点处就已经达到该层电子浓度的最大值然后到达F_2层,剖面梯度为一个有限的数值.因此,本文针对垂直探测中经常出现的F_1层未充分发展情况,引入F_1层模型设定临频这一参数,建立了F_1层未充分发展时的基于移位切比雪夫多项式的电离层模型,并从电离层剖面的光滑性考虑,在所建模型的基础上,提出了约束优化F_1层参数、F_2层参数的垂测电离图反演方法.然后,通过仿真分析,从理论上验证了所建电离层模型和反演算法的合理性,并通过反演电子浓度剖面合成的垂测、斜测描迹与实测数据的对比,对反演算法的有效性进行了进一步的试验验证. 相似文献
12.
A.T. Karpachev G.F. Deminova N. Beloff T.D. Carozzi P.F. Denisenko M. Lester T. Karhunen 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2011,73(5-6):567-577
We used bottomside ground observations and topside sounding data from the Intercosmos-19 satellite to study a Travelling Ionospheric Disturbance (TID) that occurred in response to Large-Scale Internal Gravity Wave (LSIGW) propagation during a substorm on November 30, 1979. We built a global scheme for the wavelike ionospheric variations during this medium substorm (AEmax ～800 nT). The area where the TID was observed looks like a wedge since it covers the nighttime hours at subauroral latitudes but contracts to a ～02 h local sector at low latitudes. The ionospheric response is strongly asymmetric because the wedge area and the TID amplitude are larger in the winter hemisphere than in the summer hemisphere. Clear evidence was obtained indicating that the more powerful TID from the Northern (winter) hemisphere propagated across the equator into the low latitude Southern (summer) hemisphere. Intercosmos-19 observations show that the disturbance covers the entire thickness of the topside ionosphere, from hmF2 up to at least the 1000 km satellite altitude at post-midnight local times. F-layer lifting reached ～200 km, Ne increases in the topside ionosphere by up to a factor of ～1.9 and variations in NmF2 of both signs were observed. Assumptions are made concerning the reason for the IGW effect at high altitudes in the topside ionosphere. The relationship between TID parameters and source characteristics determined from a global network of magnetometers are studied. The role of the dayside cusp in the generation of the TID in the daytime ionosphere is discussed. The magnetospheric electric field effects are distinguished from IGW effects. 相似文献
13.
V.I. Kurkin O.M. Pirog N.M. Polekh A.V. Mikhalev I.N. Poddelsky A.E. Stepanov 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(18):2346-2357
We present the results of studies of the subauroral and mid-latitude ionosphere variations in the north-eastern region of Asia. We used the data from network of vertical and oblique-incidence sounding ionosondes and optical measurements. Long-term experiments on the radio paths Magadan–Irkutsk and Norilsk–Irkutsk were carried out within the period 2005–2007. Vertical sounding stations operated in standard regime. Observation of airglow near Irkutsk was provided by the zenith photometer that measured intensities of 557.7 and 630.0 nm atomic oxygen emissions. The results may be summarized as follows. (1) Large daytime negative disturbances are observed during the main and recovery phases mainly at high latitudes, whereas the positive disturbances observed during the main phase at mid latitudes. The disturbances changed their sign between Yakutsk and Irkutsk. (2) During the main and recovery storm phases the fall of foF2 associated with the equatorward wall of the main ionospheric trough is observed in the afternoon and evening. (3) Fluctuations of the electron density more intensive at mid latitudes during the storm main phase are observed during all considered periods. They are classed as traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID). Such sharp gradients of electron density are responsible for the strong changes in the characteristics of the radio wave propagation, particularity MOF. (4) A large-scale ionospheric disturbance is noted at the meridional chain of ionosonds in December 2006 as the sharp increase of foF2. It appears in the evening in the minimum of Dst at high latitude and propagate to equator. (5) A maximum of 630 nm emission above Irkutsk corresponds to the foF2 increase. (6) The obtained experimental data on the net of vertical and oblique-incidence sounding with high time resolution show that such net is the effective facility to study the conditions of the radio wave propagation and can be used for the diagnostic of the ionosphere. 相似文献
14.
Recent investigations of atmospheric gravity waves (AGW) and travelling ionospheric disturbances (TID) in the Earth’s thermosphere and ionosphere are reviewed. In the past decade, the generation of gravity waves at high latitudes and their subsequent propagation to low latitudes have been studied by several global model simulations and coordinated observation campaigns such as the Worldwide Atmospheric Gravity-wave Study (WAGS), the results are presented in the first part of the review. The second part describes the progress towards understanding the AGW/TID characteristics. It points to the AGW/TID relationship which has been recently revealed with the aid of model-data comparisons and by the application of new inversion techniques. We describe the morphology and climatology of gravity waves and their ionospheric manifestations, TIDs, from numerous new observations. 相似文献
15.
Complex ionograms from the Intercosmos-19 satellite with strongly delayed and sometimes multiple reflections from the Earth are considered. An analysis shows that these reflections are usually associated with sharp horizontal gradients of the ionospheric plasma. Such gradients are formed on the walls of the main ionospheric trough, at peaks of electron density, and on the inner and, especially frequently, on the outer slope of the crest of the equatorial anomaly. In one case, distant reflections from the Earth (DREs) formed near the equator, when the satellite in perigee was lower than the F2-layer maximum height. A quantitative interpretation of the most typical cases of DREs is given based on ray tracing. For this purpose, the model of the ionosphere under the satellite is developed, ray paths are calculated, and model ionograms are formed. The good agreement between experimental and model ionograms allows us to conclude that the task of interpreting complicated ionograms obtained by Intercosmos-19 with DRE has been solved successfully. 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(15):1929-1934
This work describes a simple filter able to eliminate the traces caused by second-order reflection from ionograms. This filter is applied to Autoscala in order to smooth out cases in which the autoscaling of the ionogram is mistaken because the second-order F2 layer reflection is identified as first order. A dataset of 32,626 ionograms recorded at the ionospheric observatory of Rome was used to test the filter. 相似文献
17.
Complicated ionograms of topside sounding on board the Intercosmos-19 satellite, which were registered on November 26, 1980,
in the dusk sector (1800 LT) at the latitudes of the equatorward wall (55°–62° ILAT) of the main ionospheric trough (MIT),
are analyzed. They are characterized by the presence of two extra traces at distances larger than the main traces. Approaching
the MIT minimum, all traces become more scattered, converge, and join into one strongly diffusive trace. An attempt of interpretation
of the complicated ionograms on the basis of trajectory calculations performed by the method of characteristics in the “complex”
two-dimensional version (in two mutually intersecting planes) is undertaken. The modeling shows that the extra traces could
be related to the presence of a large-scale irregularity stretched along the geomagnetic meridian at the equatorward wall
of the MIT. The calculations make it possible to estimate the parameters of the irregularity: the intensity is δfoF2 ∼ 30%, the length is several hundred kilometers, the semi-thickness is 50–60 km, and the height is 350 km. The possible
formation causes of the irregularity are discussed. The intensification of the diffuseness of all traces is related to the
increase in the intensity of small-scale irregularities, which is usually observed when approaching the MIT minimum. 相似文献
18.
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The results of the modeling the anomalous behavior of the F
1 layer characteristics are presented. The anomaly lies in the jump-like variations in the critical frequency of the layer
f
0
F1 and an abnormally large f
0
F1 value for the considered season and time. The observed effect is simulated based on the propagation of a large-scale travelling
ionospheric disturbance. The quantitative values of the disturbance parameter are obtained and some peculiarities of its propagation
are analyzed. The investigation was carried out with the help of the software for automated processing of the vertical sounding
ionograms. The experimental data were obtained during the Radar-Progress project. 相似文献