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浙江朱家尖岛东沙海滩沉积与地貌动态变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
砂质海滩是浙江沿海的稀缺资源,以朱家尖岛东沙海滩为例,开展海滩沉积与地貌演变研究,可进一步了解浙江岬湾型海滩发育的区域特性。通过2010—2012年4次地形重复测量对比和沉积物采样分析,结果表明,东沙岸滩沉积地貌相带分布变化明显,沉积物自岸向海分别为砾石、中砂、细砂、粉砂、黏土质粉砂,海滩地貌呈现季节性调整,冬季为滩脊-沟槽地貌,夏季为平坦缓坡地貌,水下岸坡表现为冬淤夏冲。水动力(波浪、潮汐)、沉积物来源和人类活动是影响东沙海滩发育演变的主要因素。崩破波方式和较大的潮差,使东沙海滩呈现为无沙坝发育的消散性状态。丰富的长江入海悬浮泥沙来源,导致东沙海滩粗颗粒砂质沉积物分布范围变小,砂泥分界线向岸靠近。采砂、海塘修筑等人为活动减少和阻断了沿岸粗颗粒沉积物来源,造成海滩侵蚀明显。 相似文献
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海南万宁岬湾海岸海滩稳定性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岬湾海岸海滩的稳定性及其演变是砂质海岸研究的重要内容。基于多期遥感影像、海滩沉积物粒度分布,并采用岬湾海滩平衡形态模型(MEPBAY),分析探讨了海南岛东部万宁4个典型岬湾海岸海滩的稳定性及其模型的应用。研究表明,除东澳湾凸角处于不稳定状态,其余海岸处于静态或准静态平衡状态;岬湾海滩沉积物粒度在遮蔽段和开敞段有明显的差异,相邻海滩之间没有明显的泥沙交换,每个岬湾海滩都是相对独立的地貌单元;模型中上岬角控制点选取应考虑岛礁及水下礁坪;抛物线模型可以拓展应用于有离岸岛情况下的海湾。研究成果可为岬湾海滩的稳定性评估和管理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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华南砂质海滩的动力地貌分析 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
为探讨华南砂质海滩的动力地貌学特征,对不同地理岸段不同地貌形态的8 个沙滩剖面于冬、夏季进行现场重复调查和室内分析工作.据此,通过对华南海岸带地质构造、地貌和现代海岸动力环境地域变化的分析,将华南沿海砂质海岸划分为岬湾岸、沙坝-潟湖岸和夷直岸三种基本海岸地貌类型,并且从滩面倾向、海岸动力环境影响、季节冲淤变化趋势和滩面沉积物粒径、坡度的动力响应等方面探讨砂质海滩的动力地貌,得出其受制于多种环境因素的影响,其中地质构造背景和海平面变化为大尺度的砂质海岸地貌的发育奠定了基础,而全新世海侵海平面相对稳定后,海岸动力条件的塑造起着决定性的影响,浪潮作用指数是其中重要的影响指标. 相似文献
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琼东北浪控海岸的发育 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据波浪能量与潮汐能量的强弱关系,琼东北海岸属浪控海岸,其形态以岬湾螺线海岸、岬湾弧形海岸和障壁海岸为特征.文章对以上几种海岸的发育机制、形成演变过程、地貌特征、沉积物分布和运移趋势进行了分析讨论;同时对海岸的稳定性问题进行了某些探讨,其中着重对南渡江三角洲前缘的侵蚀和铺前湾及海口湾的演变关系进行了预测. 相似文献
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黄河三角洲海岸岸线和潮水沟体系发育及其分维研究 ——黄河三角洲潮滩海岸时空谱系研究Ⅲ 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
千年来，黄河三角洲地区尾闾入海河道在大口河－淄脉沟之间频繁摆动，各时期行水河口形成的河口滩均有宽大的潮间地带，但从地貌－沉积发生学上并不具备潮滩的性质；当行水河道摆走后，原河口滩摆脱了河口径流水沙的直接作用而被“废弃”。在海洋动力的作用下向潮成海滩的方向发育，“废弃”的时间越长，潮滩发育得越成熟。黄河三角洲洲边大多数海岸，属于处在不同发育阶段的潮滩型海岸；三角洲的东北角海岸地处区域M2分潮无潮点附近，被“废弃”的河口滩逐渐被励行强风浪作用剥平形成浪蚀型海滩。因此，黄河三角洲洲边并存三元谱系海滩，即河口滩、潮成海滩（潮滩）和浪蚀海滩，它们各具有自身的特点。本文将三角洲岸线和潮水沟体系分维D作为指标，对三角洲海岸发育时空谱系作进一步探讨。计算分析表明，区域内岸线分维与潮滩发育的时间成正相关，特大高潮岸线尤为明显，如古代黄河三角洲岩段岸线的分维值D为1．2356－1．1625，而近代黄河三角洲平均变化在1．091－1．18范围内。平均高潮岸线分维值D为有相应的一定程度的变化；对三角洲边不同发育年代（10^0-10^3a）的23个潮水沟体系进行m级分辨率分维值D测计结果显示，在行水河口滩区岸和发育时间短、潮差小的区段（如浪蚀海滩）沟系（含潮水沟和径流水道）的分维值D较小，平均变化在1．3854－1．4911范围内；废弃河口滩向潮滩演化时间较长的区段以及嘴间海湾和烂泥湾区段潮水沟体系的分维值D较大，它们平均变化在1．6246－1．8435之间，此为潮滩型海岸，基个发育了不同规模密集多级分枝的潮水沟。黄河三角洲各段海岸岸线和滩体上的沟槽系统的分维值可以作为岸滩在河－潮－浪和底质地形边界条件综合作用下，在时间维的进程中所形成的时空谱系的一项主要定位性指标。 相似文献
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人类工程活动对秦皇岛海滩侵蚀及淤积的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
秦皇岛地区旅游性海滩的侵蚀主要是人类所实施的以水库为主的河流水利工程而产生的海岸效应。在区域性海滩普遍遭受侵蚀状态下，沿海港口工程又通过三种不同形式第滩发育施以影响，其一是对沿岸泥沙流的拦阻，其二为在局部岸段形成完全或不完全波影区，其三为人工岬湾的形成，港工引成的海滩淤积体特征是海滩变宽、变缓及海滩砂细化。文中最后讨论了侵蚀性海滩向演化的发育空间问题。 相似文献
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泉州市砂质海岸侵蚀特征及原因分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于泉州市沿岸岸滩侵蚀状况调查,结合海岸动力地貌学知识研究,分析泉州市沿岸岸滩侵蚀状况.调查岸段有32个,对其进行采样拍照及侵蚀现状描述,对7个岸段进行了剖面调查及沉积物分析.研究表明泉州市沙质海岸以岬控岸和沙坝--泻湖为主,岬控岸的沉积物和剖面表现为中细粒沉积和岸坡由近岸向海变平缓,而沙坝--泻湖岸则以粗粒沉积和岸坡起伏不平为特征,沉积物特征、沿岸输沙、平衡剖面及动力地貌均反映了泉州砂质海岸的侵蚀状况.在全球海平面上升的大背景下,除特大自然灾害影响,泉州近海域的人为活动恶化了海岸侵蚀的程度,其中以海砂开采最为严重. 相似文献
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构造地貌是指由新构造运动直接形成的一种动态的、积极活跃的地貌类型。南海南部海域新构造运动强烈,类型众多,它们是控制海底构造地貌形成和发育的主要内动力因素。根据地质地球物理资料,对该区区域构造沉降、海底扩张、断裂作用、褶皱作用和火山活动等新构造运动类型及其形成的构造地貌进行了分析。区域构造沉降形成规模较大的构造台地、深水阶地和陆坡盆地等;海底扩张形成西南海盆、中央海盆及其内部的众多构造地貌类型;断裂作用形成断层崖、断阶、海底谷、断块山、断陷盆地等;褶皱作用形成山地和挤压构造盆地;火山作用形成海山、海丘。 相似文献
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Jenifer E. Dugan David M. Hubbard Iván F. Rodil David L. Revell & Stephen Schroeter 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(S1):160-170
Use of coastal armoring is expected to escalate in response to the combination of expanding human populations, beach erosion, and sea level rise along the coasts. To provide a conceptual framework, we developed hypotheses concerning the ecological effects of beach habitat loss associated with coastal armoring. As beaches narrow in response to armoring, dry upper intertidal zones should be lost disproportionately, reducing the habitat types available and the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates. Predators, such as shorebirds, could respond to a combination of (i) habitat loss; (ii) decreased accessibility at high tides; and (iii) reduced prey availability on armored beaches. To examine those predictions, zone widths and the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates and birds were compared on paired armored and unarmored segments of narrow bluff-backed beaches in southern California. Our results supported the predictions and revealed some unexpected effects of armoring on birds. Dry upper beach zones were lacking and mid-beach zones were narrower (>2 times) year-round on armored segments compared to adjacent unarmored segments. The abundance, biomass and size of upper intertidal macroinvertebrates were also significantly lower on armored segments. Shorebirds, most of which were foraging, responded predictably with significantly lower species richness (two times) and abundance (>3 times) on armored segments. Gulls and other birds (including seabirds), which use beaches primarily for roosting, were also significantly lower in abundance (>4 times and >7 times respectively) on armored segments, an important unexpected result. Given the accelerating pressures on sandy beaches from coastal development, erosion and rising sea levels, our results indicate that further investigation of ecological responses to coastal armoring is needed for the management and conservation of these ecosystems. 相似文献
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In a closely integrated system, (sub-) littoral sandy sediments, sandy beaches, and sand dunes offer natural coastal protection for a host of environmentally and economically important areas and activities inland. Flooding and coastal erosion pose a serious threat to these environments, a situation likely to be exacerbated by factors associated with climate change. Despite their importance, these sandy ‘soft’ defences have been lost from many European coasts through the proliferation of coastal development and associated hard-engineering and face further losses due to sea-level rise, subsidence, storm surge events, and coastal squeeze. As part of the EU-funded THESEUS project we investigated the critical drivers that determine the persistence and maintenance of sandy coastal habitats around Europe's coastline, taking particular interest in their close link with the biological communities that inhabit them. The successful management of sandy beaches to restore and sustain sand budgets (e.g. via nourishment), depends on the kind of mitigation undertaken, local beach characteristics, and on the source of ‘borrowed’ sediment. We found that inter-tidal invertebrates were good indicators of changes linked to different mitigation options. For sand dunes, field observations and manipulative experiments investigated different approaches to create new dune systems, in addition to measures employed to improve dune stabilisation. THESEUS provides a ‘toolbox’ of management strategies to aid the management, restoration, and creation of sandy habitats along our coastlines, but we note that future management must consider the connectivity of sub-littoral and supra-littoral sandy habitats in order to use this natural shoreline defence more effectively. 相似文献
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长山群岛和辽东半岛南部的海岸阶地及新构造运动特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了排除水动型海平面升降影响,本文根据1981—1987年所获得的资料,应用大海岸阶地综合纵剖面分析法,讨论了长山群岛和辽东半岛南部海岸阶地及其所反映的新构造运动性质。结果表明:第四纪期间,研究区经历了强烈的整体性断块上升运动,区内未发现明显的隆起、凹陷或断层的垂直错动,而是显示了由东南向西北轻微掀斜式的继承性整体构造上升特点。此外,依据第四纪、近代和现代的构造上升速率,认为本区仍保持着新构造上升的总趋势,地震危险程度不大。 相似文献
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珠江口海域地质环境比较复杂, 孕育着多种灾害地质因素。通过收集的浅地层剖面、卫星遥感、钻孔资料及系统的野外调查, 研究了珠江口海域灾害地质类型及其分布, 编制了珠江口灾害地质示意图。珠江口海域灾害地质类型很多, 可划分为新构造灾害地质、侵蚀堆积灾害地质、承压流体塑性体灾害地质、结构不均匀性灾害地质4个类型, 包括活动断层、地震、浅层气、沙波、潮流沙脊、冲蚀槽沟、海岸侵蚀与淤积、陡坎、埋藏古河道、浅埋基岩面等。它们的分布范围很广且密集。新构造运动及晚更新世以来海平面变化, 决定了珠江口海域复杂的海洋灾害地质类型及分布。珠江口众多的灾害地质问题将会对经济发展和海底工程建设安全构成潜在威胁, 应该引起高度重视。 相似文献
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Bathing beaches are usually the first to suffer disasters when tsunamis occur, owing to their proximity to the sea. Several large seismic fault zones are located off the coast of China. The impact of each tsunami scenario on Chinese bathing beaches is different. In this study, numerical models of the worst tsunami scenarios associated with seismic fault zones were considered to assess the tsunami hazard of bathing beaches in China. Numerical results show that tsunami waves from the Pacific Ocean could affect the East China Sea coast through gaps between the Ryukyu Islands. The Zhejiang and Shanghai coasts would be threatened by a tsunami from Ryukyu Trench, and the coasts of Hainan and Guangdong provinces would be threatened by a tsunami from the Manila Trench. The tsunami hazard associated with the Philippine Trench scenario needs particular attention. Owing to China’s offshore topography, the sequential order of tsunami arrival times to coastal provinces in several tsunami scenarios is almost the same. According to the tsunami hazard analysis results, Yalongwan Beach and eight other bathing beaches are at the highest hazard level. A high-resolution numerical calculation model was established to analyze the tsunami physical characteristics for the high-risk bathing beaches. To explore mitigating effects of a tsunami disaster, this study simulated tsunami propagation with the addition of seawalls. The experimental results show that the tsunami prevention seawalls constructed in an appropriate shallow water location have some effect on reducing tsunami hazard. Seawalls separated by a certain distance work even better. The analysis results can provide a scientific reference for subsequent preventive measures such as facility construction and evacuation. 相似文献
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This paper describes the coastal system between Cape Palmas bordering the Ivory Coast and Liberia and Mount Cameroon, as a basis for regional coastal-erosion management.The area includes the rocky coasts of the Ivory Coast and Ghana, the long sandy beaches of Togo and Benin and the deltas of the Volta and Niger Rivers. Important elements of the system appear to be its geographical setting, its geological history, oceanological impacts, the sediment supply by rivers and coastal erosion, littoral transport and the rise of mean sea level. The morphological processes are influenced by human activities in the catchments of the rivers (dams), in the estuaries (dredging) and along the coasts (port construction).It appears that future human interventions and the impact of increased sea-level rise will require intergovernmental co-ordination in coastal-erosion management, as the various coasts are all part of one system. 相似文献