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广西右江盆地发育多个孤立碳酸盐岩台地,在各台地边缘广泛发育同沉积断层及沉积碳酸盐岩脉,常常发育地震事件记录。在广西乐业台地边缘上泥盆统融县组鲕粒灰岩、藻粘结灰岩等地层中新识别出多条晚泥盆世沉积灰岩脉:玛瑙纹状灰岩脉、白云岩脉、微晶灰岩脉及藻灰岩脉等,新识别出早石炭世海百合茎灰岩脉(内部结构呈高密度颗粒流状新类型),同时观察到同沉积断层及同生角砾岩、层内断错及原地震裂岩等,为沉积碳酸盐岩脉的成因提供新的证据,同时表明在乐业台地边缘,至少有两次同沉积正断层的活动,一次发生在晚泥盆世,诱发了脉及围岩均为晚泥盆世融县期的沉积碳酸盐岩脉、层内断错及原地震裂岩;一次发生在早石炭世,诱发的脉为早石炭世尧云岭期,围岩为上泥盆统融县组的沉积灰岩脉及伴生角砾岩。展示了在广西右江盆地发生张裂背景下,乐业台地边缘同沉积正断层活动,诱发地震事件,同时伴生张裂隙,即沉积灰岩脉的构造-沉积过程,是广西右江盆地在晚古生代伸展过程的历史记录。 相似文献
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沉积灰岩脉广泛发育在桂林及桂西北右江盆地晚古生代碳酸盐岩台地边缘.广西桂林南边村泥盆纪—石炭纪(层55 ～ 56)国际副层型剖面中,沉积灰岩脉分别出现在层50(为多条栉壳状方解石细脉标示拉张的构造背景)和层45(为液化颗粒灰岩脉).层45中的液化颗粒灰岩脉与在桂林庙头剖面和桂西北右江盆地晚古生代地层中广泛发育的沉积灰岩脉有较大差异:桂林庙头和右江盆地晚古生代碳酸盐岩台地边缘的沉积灰岩脉中充填物大多数为与围岩有时差的后期正常海水沉积物,而层45内的沉积灰岩脉中充填物为上覆软沉积物液化颗粒流.由砂屑、生物屑颗粒组成:砂屑成分为含铁泥质、破碎方解石晶体及细小生物屑,呈暗色,彼此紧密接触,几乎没有填隙物,并常因挤压而变形,表明砂屑为非正常海水沉积物;生物屑主要为腕足类和海百合茎,挤在砂屑颗粒之间,且海百合茎纤细侧刺保存完好、腕足壳完整,被缓慢挤压变形几近U型合拢并原地寸断——佐证颗粒为非正常海水沉积物.脉顶端显示上宽下稍窄V字型,脉壁无侵蚀但贴有红色铁质泥皮(表明短暂间断);而且在周围岩层中找不到与脉内岩性结构相同的沉积地层.因此脉中颗粒物应来源于上覆弱固结沉积物流.晚泥盆世晚期,在拉张的构造背景下,桂林及右江盆地各台地边缘同沉积正断层活动并伴生张裂隙,同时诱发地震;桂林庙头剖面和右江盆地各含沉积灰岩脉剖面多数处在陡峭的台地边缘,是无沉积刚性正地形(bypassing),因此同沉积正断层及地震只在此形成伴生刚性张裂隙,并在下次海侵时接受正常海水沉积物;桂林南边村剖面处于靠近台缘的斜坡位置,因此具有上覆软沉积物;当台缘同沉积正断层及地震活动波及时,形成少量张裂隙,而上覆软沉积物,如准同生灰泥、砂屑、生物屑、亮晶胶结物、铁泥质等,与孔隙水混合形成粘稠的液化颗粒灰岩流,灌入这些张裂隙.二者裂隙成因均与台缘同沉积断层的构造—地震活动密切相关.即:同沉积断层发生时,在南边村剖面层45中产生刚性张裂隙,而其上覆地层的沉积物还处在弱固结的塑性状态,发生混合、颗粒化形成塑性液化颗粒流灌入下伏裂隙中.因此,南边村剖面层45中的沉积灰岩脉是软硬岩层对同沉积断层活动诱发地震的不同响应.而南边村剖面晚泥盆世所处的台缘靠近斜坡的古地理位置是其沉积灰岩脉的内部结构构造与众不同的原因. 相似文献
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广西凌云下甲二叠纪沉积灰岩墙和角砾灰岩体的成因及地质意义 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
20世纪70年代,广西地质八队在凌云下甲水晶矿区识别出中二叠世茅口期的沉积灰岩脉呈近直立状穿插在中泥盆统东岗岭阶或上泥盆统融县组灰岩中,同时在同层位识别出中二叠世茅口期生物碎屑灰岩胶结石炭纪—早二叠世生物碎屑角砾形成的角砾灰岩体。但对其成因解释与地质事实矛盾。笔者识别出沉积灰岩脉内有地震软沉积物流充填物和正常海底沉积物,同时识别出灰岩脉是台地边缘同沉积断层的伴生张裂隙,角砾灰岩体是同沉积断层产生的陡崖崩塌物及断层角砾岩。从而认为中二叠世时,由于频繁的同沉积正断层活动,使中、上泥盆统成为凌云地区碳酸盐岩台地的陡崖。一次新的断裂活动,在陡崖上形成张性裂隙,或者使已有裂隙张开,并诱发地震。最初,地震引发的碎屑流灌入裂隙,首先落入裂隙中的是中二叠世以前形成的固体岩石,可来自石炭系等,接着是台地上形成的内碎屑流,最后在安定期,台地形成的内碎屑也可缓慢落入裂隙中。与此同时,台地的断层陡崖崩塌,形成角砾灰岩体,其成分大部分是地震诱发的角砾岩。 相似文献
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通过野外剖面测制、室内岩石薄片观察、古生物鉴定,运用沉积学、矿物岩石学、层序地层学、构造地质学等的方法原理,对黔桂之交天生桥镇-安然地区晚二叠世乐平统吴家坪-长兴期碳酸盐岩微相特征进行分析鉴定,试图阐述沉积演化及古地理意义。分析表明,研究区未见长兴组及大隆组,合山组与吴家坪组均为孤立碳酸盐岩台地,且属同时异相关系。合山组发育局限台地、开阔台地、受簸选台地边缘砂、生物建造等4种沉积亚相,发育MF1-生屑粉微晶灰岩、生屑泥微晶含泥质灰岩,MF2-含泥质砂岩夹含粉砂质泥岩或煤层,MF3-泥晶介壳屑蜓屑灰岩或泥晶生屑灰岩,MF4-泥、微晶或亮晶生屑藻砂屑灰岩,MF5-生屑藻粘结灰岩等5种沉积微相;吴家坪组发育受簸选台地边缘砂、生物建造及前缘斜坡等3种沉积亚相,发育MFⅠ-泥微晶藻砂屑生屑灰岩、海绵礁生物灰岩,MFⅡ-亮晶藻砾屑生屑灰岩,MFⅢ-复成分灰岩角砾岩或礁前角砾岩等3种沉积微相。二叠世乐平统吴家坪-长兴期经历了4期相对连续完整的次级海进-海退旋回,总体为海退进积层序的古地理特征,并形成相应的沉积矿产资源。 相似文献
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塔中地区晚奥陶世碳酸盐台缘与台内沉积差异--定性和定量的碳酸盐岩微相综合分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为揭示塔中地区东部的晚奥陶世镶边型碳酸盐台地边缘与台地内部的沉积差异,利用钻井岩芯及薄片资料,对良里塔格组开展了定性的和定量的碳酸盐岩微相分析研究。研究表明,台缘-台内沉积区发育9种微相类型（MF1~MF9）,不同颗粒岩类微相所代表的几种颗粒滩具有典型差别的粒度累积频率曲线样式。台地边缘主要发育各种高能颗粒滩的微相组合（MF1~MF4）,与台缘生物礁构成礁滩复合体;台地内部主要发育代表中-低能的潮坪-潟湖沉积的微相组合（MF5~MF9）。结合定量的粒度分析分析认为生屑砂屑颗粒灰岩微相（MF1）、生屑砾屑灰岩微相（MF2）和鲕粒颗粒灰岩微相（MF3）是冲流带（前滨）环境的产物,分别代表着台地边缘生屑滩、鲕粒滩和礁前砾屑滩沉积;球粒颗粒灰岩微相（MF5）为位于受障壁的台地内部、中等能量波浪控制的球粒滩;棘屑泥粒灰岩-漂浮岩微相（MF4）发育于台缘礁后的中-高能生屑滩。 相似文献
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湘东南桂阳莲塘上泥盆系风暴岩特征及其古地理、古气候意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
摘 要湖南省桂阳县莲塘镇石龙村上泥盆统锡矿山组以台地相灰岩、白云质灰岩、灰质白云岩为主。该组下部发育典型的风暴岩沉积。风暴沉积标志包括:渠铸型、竹叶状砾屑放射状组构、丘状或洼状交错层理、平行层理、递变层理、块状层理。风暴岩包括４种岩相类型:Ａ－具块状层理的“竹叶状”砾屑灰岩（底部为冲刷侵蚀面或冲刷渠）,Ｂ－具递变层理的砾屑灰岩,Ｃ－具丘状、洼状交错层理的砂屑灰岩,Ｄ－具均质或水平层理的泥状灰岩。它们组成４种典型的风暴沉积序列:Ａ—Ｄ序列、Ａ—Ｃ—Ｄ序列、Ｂ—Ｃ—Ｄ序列、Ｂ—Ｄ序列。湘东南上泥盆统风暴岩的首次发现表明晚泥盆世该区位于低纬度的风暴作用带,它对认识泥盆纪的古气候具有重要意义. 相似文献
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贵州紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁灰岩微相特征与沉积环境的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
紫云晚石炭世叶状藻礁发育在碳酸盐岩台地边缘内。研究以碳酸盐岩微相分析为主要手段,对叶状藻礁剖面中岩石的微相特征和沉积环境研究。主要总结出6个微相类型,为生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、球粒生屑泥粒灰岩、叶状藻粒泥灰岩—叶状藻泥粒灰岩、腕足泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒灰岩。总结了一个在开阔台地与台地边缘过渡带上的局部相模式,由较深水的开阔台地相、叶状藻礁相、台内斜坡相和台内较浅水的斜坡相、较浅水的开阔台地相、台内浅滩相过渡,分析总结了叶状藻礁的沉积环境。微相组合及其在剖面纵向分布规律显示,剖面的总体沉积环境为潮下带浅水开阔台地环境。 相似文献
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贵州南部紫云地区的威宁组以台地边缘藻丘沉积为主要特征。紫页1井钻孔岩芯显示:威宁组总体由台地边缘礁（丘）向局限台地、开阔台地过渡的海退进积层序,其间包括台地边缘藻（丘）、局限台地、开阔台地三个亚相,发育生物粘结岩(SMF7)、有骨屑颗粒的生屑灰泥质颗粒石灰岩/颗粒质灰泥石灰岩(SMF10)、核形石砾屑碳酸盐岩/颗粒灰岩(SMF13)、集合颗粒灰岩微相(SMF17)、均质无生物泥晶灰岩微相(SMF23)、岩屑漂浮岩/砾屑碳酸盐岩/角砾岩微相(SMF24)六个微相;威宁组的沉积充填序列由六个岩性组合基本相同、沉积环境、沉积微相特征大致相似的沉积旋回构成。每一个沉积旋回均以台地边缘礁（丘）相的藻凝块灰岩为主体,向上则渐变为局限台地、开阔台地相的生物碎屑灰岩,表明威宁组至少经历了六次海平面升降变化过程;威宁组的出现代表了罗甸—水城北西向槽盆边缘斜坡相的打屋坝组富有机质泥页岩的终结。 相似文献
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华北地台上寒武统崮山组出现了大量的竹叶状灰岩。通过对山东唐王寨剖面崮山组的系统研究,识别出页岩、疙瘩状泥晶灰岩、泥质条带泥晶灰岩、薄层状泥晶灰岩、生物扰动泥晶灰岩、颗粒质（生物碎屑）泥岩-泥质颗粒岩、含交错层理鲕粒灰岩及竹叶状灰岩8种岩石类型,这些岩石类型组成了页岩盆地、深潮下带及浅潮下带岩石组合。竹叶状灰岩中砾屑和基质的特征及其沉积序列,表明砾屑和基质的来源多样并且在不同的沉积环境中其成因具有多样性。据此总结出崮山组竹叶状灰岩具有4种可能的成因类型：1）竹叶状灰岩中砾屑和基质可能均为原地形成或者仅有短距离的搬运过程;2）竹叶状灰岩中砾屑和基质可能均为近岸形成并经历了长距离的搬运过程,或者竹叶状灰岩的沉积环境经历了海平面的突然升高;3）竹叶状灰岩中基质可能来源于近岸未固结的鲕粒和生物碎屑及原地的灰泥,与原地破碎生成的砾屑和灰泥等混合沉积;4）竹叶状灰岩中砾屑可能来源于远岸的固结的泥晶灰岩,并经搬运作用与原地未固结的灰泥及骨架颗粒等基质混合沉积。 相似文献
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塔河油田奥陶系中统一间房组沉积特征及储集特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用沉积地质及层序地层对塔河油田南部奥陶系中统一间房组发育的一套碳酸盐岩进行分析,结果表明:从岩石组合特征上可分为上下两段,下段为(砂)砾屑灰岩 藻鲕灰岩 鲕粒灰岩,底栖生物丰富;上段为海绵礁灰岩 藻粘结灰岩,生物骨架灰岩及斑状砾屑灰岩.纵向上,构成了一个建滩沉积序列和一个造礁沉积序列,沉积环境为台地浅滩-台内礁.沉积微相为开阔碳酸盐台地,包括海绵礁、浅滩及滩间;储渗空间以溶蚀孔隙、溶蚀孔洞、溶蚀洞穴和裂缝等为主.塔河油田南部一间房组碳酸盐岩经历的海西早期岩溶也叠加了加里东中期第一幕岩溶的影响,(准)同沉积期加里东中期第一幕岩溶,对一间房组酸盐岩储集性改善具重要意义. 相似文献
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陕西二台子铜金床钠长石碳酸（角砾）岩类特征及形成构造背景分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
从岩石学、矿物学、岩石化学、地球化学、稀土元素等方面研究了二台子铜金矿内长石炭酸（角砾）岩类地质地球化学特征。晚泥盆世－石炭纪,在区域幔羽构造作用下,深部热流体沿先存在构造通道上升进入镇安二台子三级热水沉积盆地之中,形成了石英重晶石炭酸角砾岩、碳酸角砾岩、复成分角砾岩、钠长岩、钠长石碳酸岩,受同性断裂及层位控制明显,并构成了金的矿源层及普遍金矿化。燕山期,具有幔源特征的深部含矿热流体在北东、北西向 相似文献
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滇西保山施甸地区中泥盆世沉积相特征及沉积环境分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文运用现代沉积学的理论和手段对滇西保山施甸地区的中泥盆统进行了研究。在详细岩相、生物相特征分析的基础上,划分出泥晶灰岩相、塌积（角）砾岩相、风暴岩、亮晶灰岩相及生物灰岩相5种岩相,对工作区中泥盆世的古地理面貌、沉积环境及主要沉积作用作了较为详尽的阐述。作者认为中泥盆世该区及整个三江地区处于最大海侵期。中泥盆统主要为一套正常开放的陆棚沉积,并发育有典型碳酸盐岩风暴沉积。 相似文献
14.
This study analyses and discusses well preserved examples of Late Jurassic structures in the Northern Calcareous Alps, located at the Loferer Alm, about 35 km southwest of Salzburg. A detailed sedimentary and structural study of the area was carried out for a better understanding of the local Late Jurassic evolution. The Grubhörndl and Schwarzenbergklamm breccias are chaotic, coarse-grained and locally sourced breccias with mountain-sized and hotel-sized clasts, respectively. Both breccias belong to one single body of breccias, the Grubhörndl breccia representing its more proximal and the Schwarzenbergklamm breccia its more distal part, respectively. Breccia deposition occurred during the time of deposition of the Ruhpolding Radiolarite since the Schwarzenbergklamm breccia is underlain and overlain by these radiolarites. Formation of the breccias was related to a major, presumably north-south trending normal fault scarp. It was accompanied and post-dated by west-directed gravitational sliding of the Upper Triassic limestone (“Oberrhätkalk”), which was extended by about 6% on top of a glide plane in underlying marls. The breccia and slide-related structures are sealed and blanketed by Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sediments. The normal fault scarp, along which the breccia formed, was probably part of a pull-apart basin associated with strike slip movements. On a regional scale, however, we consider this Late Jurassic strike-slip activity in the western part of the Northern Calcareous Alps to be synchronous with gravitational emplacement of “exotic” slides and breccias (Hallstatt mélange), triggered by Late Jurassic shortening in the eastern part of the Northern Calcareous Alps. Hence, two competing processes affected one and the same continental margin. 相似文献
15.
The archipelago of New Siberian Islands situated on the northeastern continental shelf of Eurasia is considered a part of an exotic terrane that collided with Siberia in the Early Cretaceous. Bel’kov Island is located close to the inferred western boundary of this terrane and thus should demonstrate attributes of its localization at the margin of the Paleozoic oceanic basin. The Upper Devonian section on Bel’kov Island is a continuous sequence of deepwater terrigenous rocks, which indicates a tendency toward deepening of the basin previously revealed on adjacent Kotel’ny Island. The lowermost Upper Devonian unit on Bel’kov Island is represented by thin Domanik-like strata resting on the Middle Devonian carbonate platform. The main body of the Upper Devonian sequence, more than 4 km in total thickness, is made up of gravity-flow sediments including turbidites, clay and block diamictites, and olistostromes in the upper part of the section, which accumulated at the slope of the basin or its rise. At many levels, these sediments have been redeposited by along-slope currents. The uppermost unit of organogenic limestone is evidence for compensation of the trough. According to conodont assemblages, the deepwater terrigenous rocks were deposited from the early Frasnian to the early Tournaisian. This time is known for extensive rifting in the eastern Siberian Platform. The data obtained allowed us to reconstruct a NNW-trending Late Devonian rift basin on the Laptev Sea shelf similar to other rifts at the eastern margin of the Siberian Platform. 相似文献
16.
云南拖顶一带的泥盆纪地层,由于受构造的影响呈断块产出。通过对矿区泥盆纪地层的详细研究,认为其地层层序较为清楚,可以分出下泥盆统碎碎岩、中泥盆统碳酸盐岩和上泥盆统碎屑岩－碳酸盐岩。在斩野外实地考察和室内研究的基础上,本文详细厘定子泥盆纪的沉积相,并恢复了岩相古地理格局。进而建立了该区的层序地层格架,分为５个沉积层序,并对沉积体系与拖顶铜矿的关系进行了探讨。 相似文献
17.
Fault-related carbonate breccia dykes in the La Chilca area,Eastern Precordillera,San Juan,Argentina
Carbonate fault breccia dykes in the Cerro La Chilca area, Eastern Precordillera, west-central Argentina, provide clues on the probable mechanism of both fault movement and dyke injection.Breccia dykes intrude Upper Carboniferous sedimentary rocks and Triassic La Flecha Trachyte Formation. The timing of breccia dyke emplacement is constrained by cross cutting relationships with the uppermost Triassic unit and conformable contacts with the Early Miocene sedimentary rocks. This study supports a tectonic-hydrothermal origin for these breccia dykes; fragmentation and subsequent hydraulic injection of fluidized breccia are the more important processes in the breccia dyke development.Brecciation can be triggered by seismic activity which acts as a catalyst. The escape of fluidized material can be attributed to hydrostatic pressure and the direction of movement of the material establishes the direction of least pressure.Previous studies have shown that cross-strike structures have had an important role in the evolution of this Andean segment since at least Triassic times. These structures represent pre-existing crustal fabrics that could have controlled the emplacement of the dykes. The dykes, which are composed mostly of carbonate fault breccia, were injected upward along WNW fractures. 相似文献
18.
D.W. Ellenor 《Sedimentary Geology》1975,13(2):125-152
The microfacies assemblages and their distribution within the Middle Devonian Timor Limestone, exposed in the Timor Valley of northeastern New South Wales, Australia are described, and a depositional model for the carbonate buildup presented.Two broad lithological divisions are clearly recognizable within this thick (345 m) but lensoidal mass. Lime wackestones/packstones dominate the lower 200–215 m of the buildup while lime grainstones characterize the upper 130 m. Using cluster-sorting techniques on 697 modally analysed limestone samples, five microfacies and several subgroups each characterized by a unique combination of allochems have been recognized within this gross subdivision.The microfacies data and field observations suggest that carbonate sedimentation was initiated in an open marine shelf environment. It began simply because local conditions were favourable for calcareous organisms to become established. The benthos flourished ultimately spreading out over an area of 25 km2. Although reefal in outline, the limestone is a bedded deposit containing chiefly comminuted skeletal debris and never had the ecologic potential to form a wave-resistant mass.Lime mud sedimentation began in a sublittoral environment. Abundant calcareous algae throughout most of the lower two-thirds of the buildup suggest that deposition occurred within the photic zone. In succeeding horizons, pellet and intraclast lime grainstones gradually replace the lime mud dominated microfacies, indicating that carbonate deposition slowly outpaced basin subsidence and shoal-water conditions developed over the buildup. During the buildup's final stage, a transgression occurred resulting in quieter marine conditions and the deposition of coral lime wackestones in the former shoal area.Carbonate sedimentation was terminated by an extensive marine tuff killing the calcareous benthos. No further extensive carbonate sedimentation during the Middle Devonian is recorded in the Timor Valley. 相似文献
19.
Neptunian dykes and associated breccias (Southern Alps, Italy and Switzerland): role of gravity sliding in open and closed systems 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
Neptunian dykes and sills of Middle Jurassic pelagic limestone within Lower Jurassic shallow-water carbonate host rocks occur at many localities in the Southern Alps of Italy and Switzerland, especially on what were the upper slopes of tilted half-grabens created during the Early Jurassic rifting stage of a passive margin that faced the Middle and Late Jurassic Tethyan Ocean. The host rocks were dilated by cracking, folding, and brecciation during movements of shallow-based gravity-driven slides and slumps of semibrittle platform strata, commonly along décollement contacts between layers of different competence. In most places, the network of cavities in the dilated strata connected to the sea floor, and pelagic sediments trickled from above into the open spaces. In other places, the brittle strata were overlain by somewhat impermeable sediments that formed a partial seal. Sudden dilation of the brittle beds resulted in forceful injection of the overlying weakly consolidated or plastic sediments into open spaces. The filling in both open and closed systems was commonly episodic, resulting in complex internal-sediment stratigraphy and cross-cutting dykes. Stable isotopic data on internal sediments and early-formed cement lie within the field of normal sea water, and none of the sedimentological or stable isotopic data supports a subaerial, dissolution (karst) origin for the Jurassic neptunian dykes of this region. 相似文献
20.
We report sediment-infill volcanic breccia from the Neoarchean Shimoga greenstone belt of western Dharwar Craton which is associated with rhyolites, chlorite schists and pyroclastic rocks. The pyroclastic rocks of Yalavadahalli area of Shimoga greenstone belt host volcanogenic Pb–Cu–Zn mineralization. The sediment-infill volcanic breccia is clast-supported and comprises angular to sub-angular felsic volcanic clasts embedded in a dolomitic matrix that infilled the spaces in between the framework of volcanic clasts. The volcanic clasts are essentially composed of alkali feldspar and quartz with accessory biotite and opaques. These clasts have geochemical characteristics consistent with that of the associated potassic rhyolites from Daginkatte Formation. The rare earth elements (REE) and high field strength element (HFSE) compositions of the sediment-infill volcanic breccia and associated mafic and felsic volcanic rocks suggest an active continental margin setting for their generation. Origin, transport and deposition of these rhyolitic clasts and their aggregation with infiltrated carbonate sediments may be attributed to pyroclastic volcanism, short distance transportation of felsic volcanic clasts and their deposition in a shallow marine shelf in an active continental margin tectonic setting where the rhyolitic clasts were cemented by carbonate material. This unique rock type, marked by close association of pyroclastic volcanic rocks and shallow marine shelf sediments, suggest shorter distance between the ridge and shelf in the Neoarchean plate tectonic scenario. 相似文献