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1.
WANGHong GUChao－lin 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2002,12(2):152-156
Chinaˊs urban reforms have brought social progress and development,but a comprehensive national system of social welfare(for example,unemployment insurance,pensions,medical care and public housing)for new migrants from rural areas is lacking.One of the most remarkable changes in Chinese cities in the last decade was a change in so-cial“equality“,with the rise of new poverty both in individual communities and some social groups in urban society.Howev-er,there is little social assistance and public infrastructure for the migrants.Governments or communities or individual should pay attention to the control of new urban poverty and new slums.This paper consider that it is necessary to launch a successful policy,which include mainly:1)accommodating urban growth through low-cost investment projects;2)ur-ban economy depends heavily on successful macroeconomic policy;3)to broaden the three channels linking adjustment to the incidence of urban poverty;4)to restructure urban economic based on the high or new technology;5)to coordi-nate relationship between urban economic growth and environment management for sustainable development of Beijingˊs metropolitan fringe. 相似文献
2.
Since 1978, many changes have happened on the background of urban regional structure in China, such as the economy system
restructuring, the social transforming including the population flow accelerating and social demand diversifying and individualizing,
the political and economic systems reforms, the rise of the real estate market and the changing relationship between human
and nature. From the macroscopic view, these changes make the national urban system to be a newer pattern with a widening
gap among the cities in spite of the rising of the cities as a whole. At the same, the urban land use structures are changing
with both the trends of intensification and diversification, and the trends of the regional diversification and the economic
integration. Besides, urban structures with multiple centers are emerging in several metropolitan areas in China. These changes
and trends mentioned above are confirmed by a case study of Nanjing City, a growing metropolitan area in east China. The case
study also points out some problems in urban regional structure reforming, especially the poor social and ecological considerations.
We should pay more attention to some ideas like balance of intensification and decentralization, development of suburban centers
and a reasonable mixing of the functional activities to develop a sustainable urban regional structure.
Biography: XU Yi-lun (1971–), male, a native of Zhejiang Province, Ph. D. His research interests include urban geography,
urban and regional planning. 相似文献
3.
高铁影响下的珠江三角洲城市群经济空间格局的多维度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
深入研究高铁对珠江三角洲（简称珠三角）城市群区域经济空间格局的影响,对挖掘高铁与区域经济耦合关系具有一定的科学价值。本文基于2010、2014、2018年珠三角地区城市面板数据,从区域经济联系、区域优势潜力及区域经济空间平稳性3个维度,运用引力模型、区位优势潜力模型、Theil系数等技术模型和方法,综合测度高铁对珠三角城市群区域经济空间格局的影响。研究结果表明：① 珠三角城市间经济联系强度随年份的递增而呈现上升的趋势,南北向联系强于东西向联系,并逐渐出现1个经济联系核心区、3个经济联系副关联区和1个经济增长辐射区;② 珠三角市际间区位优势潜力差距逐渐拉大,其中东莞、中山等经济实力较强、城市地域规模、人口规模较小且地理位置优越的二三线城市在高铁运营过程中获得更大的利益;③ 从珠三角区域经济整体差异性来看,区域经济空间格局异质性呈先扩大后缩小趋势;从区内群体差异性来看,一二线城市之间经济发展水平差异呈先大幅上升后小幅下降趋势;二三线城市之间经济发展水平差异呈下降趋势。该研究将对未来交通规划提供参考。 相似文献
4.
姚月 《地球信息科学学报》2014,16(2):214-224
在快速城镇化时期,城市边缘区是城市扩张过程中空间结构变化最大、土地利用转变最快的地区,以过渡性、复杂性、动态性为突出特征。研究城市边缘区的空间演变对认识城镇化、优化城市空间结构等具有重要意义。本文在总结海淀区空间发展历史渊源的基础上,采用了RS/GIS技术对20世纪80年代以来海淀城市边缘区的范围、空间扩张进行了定量分析;并结合系统论方法,探索影响海淀城市边缘区空间演变的若干因素。研究发现：海淀城市边缘区空间发展有独特的地理优势和文化渊源,且在政策、经济、人口、交通等因素的综合作用下,处于不断动态变化之中;呈现出沿环线不规则分布、边界由清晰变模糊、整体向西北推移的空间特征;总面积逐渐增加、年扩张速率先升后降;1995-2007年以向外扩张为主,其他阶段以内部填充型发展为主;空间分布及扩张强度在不同乡镇街道具有区域差异性等。本文将RS/GIS技术与系统分析相结合,来研究城市边缘区相关问题的技术可行性。 相似文献
5.
Regional Differences of China′s Urban Expansion from Late 20th to Early 21st Century Based on Remote Sensing Information 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
This study investigated the regional differences of China′s urban land expansion from the late 1980s to the year of 2008, based on the spatio-temporal analysis of CLCD (China′s land cover/land use database) datasets which were mainly produced from remote sensing imagery data. A newly defined urbanization level index (UI), based on urban land area, is proposed to describe Chinese urban expansion process at 1 kilometer, provincial, regional, and na-tional scales, together with the absolute urban expansion index (UEa) and the relative urbanization expansion index (UEr). The results indicate that the percentages of total land area occupied by urban in the late 1980s, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008 were approximately 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.43% and 0.52% of China′s total land area, respectively. Between the late 1980s and 2008, the total urban expansion in the mainland of China was 2.645 × 104 km2, resulting in an annual urban expansion area of about 1322.7 km2/yr, with the UEr of 111.9%. This study also finds that there has been an obvious spatial gradient of urbanization ratio running from the east coast to the west inland, and the urbanization gaps among different regions have persisted over the past two decades. The study also reveals obvious temporal varia-tions of the urbanization rates. There was very little urban growth during the period of 1995-2000 due to the governmental policy factors. 相似文献
6.
Urbanization is a comprehensive concept, a trinity process that population urbanization, economic urbanization and space urbanization, is based on the interactions and mutual influences among the in which, people are the central and leading players in this process, while economic activities serve as the driving force and space is the carrier-the physical or material setting as well as the product. So the coordination among these processes is crucial for a country or region＇s sustainable development. China is experiencing rapid growth of cities and a surge in urban population, with the basic national condition of many people and little land, which calls for a systematic study of the issue of coordinated urbanization from theoretical, methodological and practical perspectives. Based on the concept of urbanization and non-coordination of urbanization, this article built a quantitative method to identify and evaluate the urbanization and non-coordination of urbanization, and made an empirical analysis in China between 2000 and 2008. The results show that the non-coordination overall level of China＇s urbanization declined during the study period, because population urbanization, economic urbanization, and space urbanization exhibited different trajectories of change. This study also reveals that performance assessment system, household registration system, and urban land expropriation system, etc., are the main affecting factors. At the end, we put forward some suggestions to achieve sustainable development of China＇s urbanization from the aspects of improving the local government＇s obiective function, imolementing the urban plalming svstem, enforcing public particination asnects and so on. 相似文献
7.
1INTRODUCTIONThere have been many literatures about the regional disparity of economic development in China since the late 1970s. Some scholars argue that disparity of re-gional development in China has been expanded since 1978, but others find it has reduced since 1978. The findings of some scholars show that the evolutionary process of the disparity of regional economic develop-ment in China follows the inverted U shape, but some others do not think so. What is the true tendency, and i… 相似文献
8.
Duringtheprocessofnationaleconomy'stransi-tion,thedeterminantpowerofeconomicdevelopmenthaschangedgraduallyfromcentralgovemmenttolocalgovemments.Cities,asthecenterofregionaleconomicdevelopment,notonlydeterminethecompetitivenessoftheregionbuthavebecomethemainimpetusforthechangesofmacroeconomicpatternasweIl.Sotaking2o9perfecture-levelcitiesasresearchsubjects,weanalyzethemacropatternofurbancompetitivenessandcomprehendtheinternalimpetusandmechanismofre-gionaldevelopment,whichhavegreatsignificanceon… 相似文献
9.
QIN Gan ZHANG Ping-yu JIAO Bin 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(2):154-159
1 INTRODUCTION Urban agglomeration researches originated from the concern about the city cluster in the developed areas of western countries. The modern researches have been extended to the specific areas. HALL (2001) summa- rized the generality and difference of urban metropoli- tans in Europe, and analyzed the spatial structure of dif- ferent areas. NAUDE and KRUGELL (2003) analyzed the spatial development of urban agglomeration in South Africa, and thought that the size of the p… 相似文献
10.
Urban Spatial Restructuring in Transitional Economy —— Changing Land Use Pattern in Shanghai 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
XU Jiangang LIAO Banggu SHEN Qing ZHANG Feng MEI Anxin 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2007,17(1):19-27
For almost three decades, China has been undergoing significant transition from a planned economy to a market economy. Fast-paced economic growth and urbanization, interacting with market-oriented reforms in land re- sources allocation, have caused profound spatial restructuring of Chinese cities. This paper examines urban expansion and land use reconfiguration in Shanghai’s central city from 1979 to 2002, with a special focus on the effect of the adoption of the land-leasing system in 1988. The empirical research, which employs GIS-based spatial analysis tech- niques to explore land use data for multiple years, indicates fundamental changes in the spatial characteristics of urban development in Shanghai after this important land policy reform. 相似文献
11.
ZHANGPing-yu MAYan-ji YUZhen-han 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2002,12(4):315-320
Manzhouli is the largest land port city on the Sino-Russia border, transit cargo through the land port amount-ed to 5.95 million tons, transit tourists were 304 500 in 2000. It stands at the joint place of China, Mongolia and Russi-a, faces to Siberia area of Russia, receives direct support from the Northeast China and Bohai Sea Rim Area, and possess-es priorities in geographical location, land port infrastructure, water resources, coal resources, tourist resources andgreat potentiality in economic cooperation with Russia. The future urban function is a key port on the First Eurasia Continen-tal Bridge. Manzhouli Port will keep its first place between China and Russia land transport, and it is forecasted that thetransit amount through Manzhouli Port will go up to 10 million tons in 2005 and 20 million tons in 2010. It will be construct-ed to be a trade center of the peripheral area extending to Russia and Mongolia, a key export-oriented processing industri-al zone supported by industries such as export processing industries, export agriculture, trade services, technology trad-ing and the other service industries. It keeps being a well-known touring city for trade, shopping, sightseeing, vocation,local food, recreation and cultural events. To build Manzhouli Export Processing Industry Zone will improve city econom-ic structure, and the main sectors are organic food processing, livestock products processing, garment and furniture indus-try. Moreover, Manzhouli Export Processing Industry Zone will eventually be upgraded to be a border free trade zone.The city functional transition will inevitably affect urban spatial restructure and its expansion. The city space transforma-tion will develop as such: one development axis of No. 301 highway paralleling with Bin - Zhou(Harbin - Manzhouli) rail-way which cuts through central part of Manzhouli City, and links Zhalainuocr District with central city; three urban unitsincluding central city, Zhalainuocr District and Manzhouli Interchange Trade Zone; cohesion with Aoerjin and Cuogangpastures; regional dual-nuclei structure of Hailaer City and Manhzouli City; and the Manzhouli-Zabaykalsk Free TradeZone. 相似文献
12.
Social capital has played an increasingly important role in regional development. China is a country with high stocks of social
capital. Using several different indicators of social capital, this study tries to research the regional disparities in social
capital and the influence of social capital on economic growth of China in 1978–2004. Measuring social capital with indicators
of associations, charities and blood donation rates, this study finds significant regional disparities in social capital at
provincial level in China. Those indicators for social capital are highly correlated with regional economic performance. Statistical
analysis shows that social capital has a significant and positive effect on a long-term provincial economic growth. This relationship
exists after controlling policy, macro location factors, and per capita GDP in the initial year. The empirical findings indicate
that institutions, culture and social relations are critical for regional development in China. Therefore, the creation and
support of social capital should be paid more attention to when making regional policy. 相似文献
13.
迁徙流作为互联网时代的新产物,信息流、资本流、交通流等流空间的基本载体,能客观地反映城市间地理行为关系,对于刻画城市网络结构具有重要意义。基于地级以上城市的百度迁徙大数据,本文尝试从全域和净迁徙的视角探索研究中国城市网络结构特征,对其网络的层级、关联关系和影响因素等进行挖掘提取。研究发现：① 全国城市网络呈现出稳定的、层级明确的三棱锥四顶点“钻石型”结构,与主要城市群的经济规模空间分布相吻合;② 区域网络表现出向高级别行政中心集聚的“核心—外围”放射状结构;③ 以省会城市为核心的典型小世界特征比较凸出,小世界网络的可达性和连通性较高;周口、阜阳、赣州、上饶、重庆等作为主要劳动力输出型城市,深圳、东莞、广州、北京、上海等城市成为了主要的外来人口聚集地,并形成了对应的人口就近输送网络关系;④ 城市的行政地位、经济规模、交通枢纽建设、劳动力资源等因素都对其网络控制力和影响力起到了决定性作用。最后,研究结合中国城市网络结构特征及其主要影响因素,提出相关政策建议,以期为中国城市网络结构均衡发展与建设提供借鉴依据。 相似文献
14.
With rapid development of urbanization and regional interaction and interdependence, regional urban agglomeration planning
becomes more and more important in China, in order to promote integrated development of various cities with close interrelationship.
However, it is still arguable academically on how to define the boundary or which cities to be included for the urban agglomeration
of a region. This paper aims to shed lights on how to identify urban spheres of influence scientifically by introducing field
modeling method and by practicing a case study on 168 cities in Central China. In our field modeling method, the influence
intensities of cities were measured by a comprehensive index and urban spheres of influence were represented spatially by
field intensity. Then, their classification and spatial distribution characteristics of study area in 2007 were identified
and explored by using GIS and statistical methods. The result showed that: 1) Wuhan is the absolute dominant city in Central
China; 2) the provincial capital cities dominate their own provinces and there are no other lower grade agglomeration centers;
and 3) the basic types of organization form of urban sphere of influence are single-polar type, agglomeration type, close-related
group type and loose-related group type. 相似文献
15.
YAOYong-ling 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(1):2-8
GIS technology has been mostly concerned with handling physical data and modeling physical environment .However,the requirements of GIS for handling socio-ecnomic information in many cases are different from those concerning phenomena in the physical environment ,Analysis of capital flow among regions requires the transitions both from economic values to physical landscape and from physical surfa ce to econmoic explanation.Rapid growth of Chinese economy comes mainly from investment.There are wto main ways for obtaining high growth of investment ,One is government expenditure which usually invests in regional facility and amenity block ,which is regarded as stimulus for attracting investment.The other is the creation of investing center and corresponding capital source areas ,both of which need the central city with the highest growth rate of investment among regions.This paper presents the cluster areas of both government revenue and total investment ,the potential situation of capital flow between central city Shanghai and its neighbor provinces by using “Classification“ and “Interpolation“ functions of ArcView GIS. 相似文献
16.
城市潜能作为城市体系空间相互作用的代表性指标,反映了城市与其所在的城市体系内所有城市间相互作用的强度,即城市所具备的的集聚能力。合理分析城市空间布局及结构、探寻城市发展的空间差异,以及制定区域发展政策日益迫切,研究城市空间相互作用具有重要意义。本文以Globcover数据集提取中国大陆范围内26 619个城市斑块,获取了城市潜能计算时所需的城市斑块规模总量;同时,以DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像为数据,提取能综合反映人类社会经济活动的城市斑块夜间灯光总强度,参与城市潜能的计算。利用潜能模型,依据城市斑块分层结果,以城市斑块规模和时间成本为参数,计算得到公里格网的城市潜能值模拟分布图,并分析了中国大陆城市潜能的空间分异特征。 相似文献
17.
STUDY ON THE SPATIAL PATTERNS OF LAND-USE CHANGE AND ANALYSES OF DRIVING FORCES IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA DURING 1990-2000 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Land-use change is an important aspect of global environment change. It is, in a sense, the direct result of human activities
influencing our physical environment. Supported by the dynamic serving system of national resources, including both the environment
database and GIS technology, this paper analyzed the land-use change in northeastern China in the past ten years (1990–2000).
It divides northeastern China into five land-use zones based on the dynamic degree (DD) of land-use: woodland/grassland —
arable land conversion zone, dry land — paddy field conversion zone, urban expansion zone, interlocked zone of farming and
pasturing, and reclamation and abandoned zone. In the past ten years, land-use change of northeastern China can be generalized
as follows: increase of cropland area was obvious, paddy field and dry land increased by 74.9 and 276.0 thousand ha respectively;
urban area expanded rapidly, area of town and rural residence increased by 76.8 thousand ha; area of forest and grassland
decreased sharply with the amount of 1399.0 and 1521.3 thousand ha respectively; area of water body and unused land increased
by 148.4 and 513.9 thousand ha respectively. Besides a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of land use, this paper
also discusses the driving forces in each land-use dynamic zones. The study shows that some key biophysical factors affect
conspicuously the conversion of different land-use types. In this paper, the relationships between land-use conversion and
DEM, accumulated temperature (⩾10°C) and precipitation were analysed and represented. We conclude that the land-use changes
in northeast China resulted from the change of macro social and economic factors and local physical elements. Rapid population
growth and management changes, in some sense, can explain the shaping of woodland/grassland — cropland conversion zone. The
conversion from dry land to paddy field in the dry land — paddy field conversion zone, apart from the physical elements change
promoting the expansion of paddy field, results from two reasons: one is that the implementation of market-economy in China
has given farmers the right to decide what they plant and how they plant their crops, the other factor is originated partially
from the change of dietary habit with the social and economic development. The conversion from paddy field to dry land is
caused prmarily by the shortfall of irrigation water, which in turn is caused by poor water allocation management by local
governments. The shaping of the reclamation and abandoned zone is partially due to the lack of environment protection consciousness
among pioneer settlers. The reason for the conversion from grassland to cropland is the relatively higher profits of farming
than that of pasturing in the interlocked zone of farming and pasturing. In northeastern China, the rapid expansion of built-up
areas results from two factors: the first is its small number of towns; the second comes from the huge potential for expansion
of existing towns and cities. It is noticeable that urban expansion in the northeastern China is characterized by gentle topographic
relief and low population density. Physiognomy, transportation and economy exert great influences on the urban expansion.
Foundation item: Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation program Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX-2-308).
Biography: LIU Ji-yuan (1947 - ), male, a native of Shanghai Municipality, professor, Director General of Institute of Geographical
Sciences and Natural Resources Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interests include environment and resources,
remote sensing and geography. 相似文献
18.
Cassini growth of population between two metropolitan cities—A case study of Beijing-Tianjin region, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The existing models of population distribution often focus on the region with a single city or even multiple centers, and
lack the detailed explorations of the common and special type of urbanization areas with two centers. Taking Beijing-Tianjin
region of China, which is a distinct dual-nuclei metropolitan area in the world, as an example and choosing Landsat-5 TM image
in 2005, population, etc. as the data, this paper devotes to comprehending and illustrating a model of Cassini growth of population
between the two metropolitan cities through the research of spatial population distribution pattern, aided with RS and GIS
techniques. Main technical processes include Kriging interpolation of the population data and character simulation of the
Cassini ovals. According to the calculation of a/b, a key characteristic index of Cassini growth model, the spatial structures of population distribution were given. When a/b<1, it is a curve with two separated loops with a population density more than 3000 persons/km2. When a/b=1, it is a lemniscate curve with a population density about 3000 persons/km2. When 1<a/b√2, it is a dog-bone shaped concave curve with a population density between 500–3000 persons/km2. When a/b=√2, it is an oblate curve with a population density about 500 persons/km2. When a/b>√2, there is an oval-shaped convex curve with a population density less than 500 persons/km2. The results show that owing to the combined action and influence of the regional dual-nuclei, the population distribution
of Beijing-Tianjin region is in accord with Cassini model significantly. There-fore, there is Cassini growth of population
between the two metropolitan cities in Beijing-Tianjin region. In addition, the process of Cassini growth has extraordinarily
instructive significance for judging the development stages of the dual-nuclei metropolitan areas.
Foundation item: Under the auspices of National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2007AA12Z235),
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40471058) 相似文献
19.
MEI Lin XU Xiaopo CHEN Mingxiu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(4):378-382
1 Introduction Northeast China consists of the three provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, this region has supported the whole country with huge quantity of grain, raw materials, primary products, and heavy industrial products at the cost of environment and resources, and thereafter became an old industrial base as well as an important marketable grain base in the whole country (Zhang et al., 2004). However, since the 19… 相似文献
20.
基于制造业企业网络视角的城市网络核心—边缘结构的研究将加深对城市网络演化规律的理解。利用2020年中国制造业500强企业网络数据和隶属联系模型构建城市网络,研究了中国城市网络核心—边缘结构的演化特征,定量测度了核心—边缘结构的影响因素,并根据国际生产折衷理论解析了城市网络地位分异的动力机制。研究发现: 2005—2020年,核心区块的城市数量逐渐增加,主要由直辖市、经济特区以及东、中部地区的省会城市组成,这些城市通过互惠性的链接关系形成了凝聚子群,网络权力较为集中;边缘区块的城市则主要位于中、西部地区,城市间经济联系相对稀疏,整体网络结构并不稳定,城市的发展受到了网络资本的约束。关键资源、基础设施和区位优势是影响中国城市网络地位的决定性因素,择优选择、网络邻近和路径依赖构成了中国城市网络核心—边缘结构演化的动力机制,这将进一步增强核心城市的网络地位。在网络环境下,城市间的差距趋于扩大,城市网络地位的提升取决于城市在网络中的影响力,中国城市化政策需要做出相应调整。 相似文献