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1.
ZHANGXuelei TANManzhi CHENJie SUNYanci 《地理学报(英文版)》2005,15(1):71-79
The Yangtze delta area is among the fastest developing areas in China. Here there are mega-cities like Shanghai, Nanjing and the attached urban areas of different sizes including those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Shanghai up to Nanjing as well as their satellite cities and towns, forming one of the most densely distributed urban areas in China. This is a case study done in Suzhou city at the center of the Yangtze delta to reflect the impact of urban sprawl on soil resources using satellite images and digital soil databases. The extent of the developed land in the studied area and the impact of development on soil resources at 1:100,000 scale are estimated and the soil types impacted most by urbanization development are determined through overlaying the soil map on the satellite images (Landsat-7) of the studied area at different times (1984, 1995, 2000 and 2003). The methodology for this study consists of analyzing data resulting from using a geographic information system (GIS) to combine urban land use maps of different times derived from satellite images with data on soil characteristics contained in the established soil databases by which some results come into being to present the fast expanding trend of urbanization in the Yangtze delta area, the urban spread and the soils occupied by the urbanization process, and also the quality of the occupied soils. 相似文献
2.
贵州猫跳河流域土地利用变化和土壤侵蚀(英文) 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Due to the extremely poor soil cover, a low soil-forming rate, and inappropriate intensive land use, soil erosion is a serious problem in Guizhou Province, which is located in the centre of the karst areas of Southwest China. In order to bring soil erosion under control and restore environment, the Chinese Government has initiated a serious of ecological rehabilitation projects such as the Grain-for-Green Programme and Natural Forest Protection Program and brought about tremendous influences on land-use change and soil erosion in Guizhou Province. This paper explored the relationship between land use and soil erosion in the Maotiao River watershed, a typical agricultural area with severe soil erosion in central Guizhou Province. In this study, we analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamic change of land-use type in Maotiao River watershed from 1973 to 2007 using Landsat MSS image in 1973, Landsat TM data in 1990 and 2007. Soil erosion change characteristics from 1973 to 2007, and soil loss among different land-use types were examined by integrating the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with a GIS environment. The results indicate that changes in land use within the watershed have significantly affected soil erosion. From 1973 to 1990, dry farmland and rocky desertified land significantly increased. In contrast, shrubby land, other forestland and grassland significantly decreased, which caused accelerated soil erosion in the study area. This trend was reversed from 1990 to 2007 with an increased area of land-use types for ecological use owing to the implementation of environmental protection programs. Soil erosion also significantly varied among land-use types. Erosion was most serious in dry farmland and the lightest in paddy field. Dry farmland with a gradient of 6°-25° was the major contributor to soil erosion, and conservation practices should be taken in these areas. The results of this study provide useful information for decision makers and planners to take sustainable land use management and soil conservation measures in the area. 相似文献
3.
北京城市蔓延的测度与分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Concerning about the rapid urban growth in recent China, this study takes Beijing as a case and puts forward that urban sprawl can be measured from spatial configuration, urban growth efficiency and external impacts, and then develops a geo-spatial indices system for measuring sprawl, a total of 13 indicators. In order to calculate these indices, different sources data are selected, including land use maps, former land use planning, land price and floor-area-ratio samples, digitized map of the highways and city centers, population and GDP statistical data, etc. Various GIS spatial analysis methods are used to spatialize these indices into 100m×100m cells. Besides, an integrated urban sprawl index is calculated by weight sum of these 13 indices. The application result indicates that geo-spatial indices system can capture most of the typical features and interior differentia of urban sprawl. Construction land in Beijing has kept fast growing with large amount, low efficiency and disordered spatial configuration, indicating a typical sprawling tendency. The following specific sprawl features are identified by each indicator: (1) typical spatial configuration of sprawling: obvious fragmentation and irregularity of landscape due to unsuccessful enforcement of land use planning, unadvisable pattern of typical discontinuous development, strip development and leapfrog development; (2) low efficiency of sprawl: low development density, low population density and economic output in newly developed area; and (3) negative impacts on agriculture, environment and city life. According to the integrated sprawl index, the sprawling amount in the northern part is larger than that in the southern, but the sprawling extent is in converse case; most sprawling area include the marginal area of the near suburbs and the area between highways, etc. Four sprawling patterns are identified: randomly expansion at urban fringe, strip development along or between highways, scattered development of industrial land, leapfrog development of urban residence and industrial area. 相似文献
4.
In this paper we adopt annual land use conditions change data, land sifting data, social, economic and population data and environment information of nine districts and four counties in Xi＇an city from 1980 to 2000 to analyze its structural and degree change of land use since the 1980s, and calculate the benefits and transformation of land use type. The results show that the non-agricultural land increased rapidly, especially the urban and rural residential spots and industrial and mining （RIM） land use increased mostly rapidly, an increase of 64%. Meanwhile, the intensity of land exploitation was accelerating, land was transformed to industries with better benefit and areas experiencing faster urbanization process. By analyzing the harmonious degree of land exploitation in economic and environmental aspects, we find out that the land use imbalance mainly existed in the municipal area of Xi＇an, and the imbalance index of land use based on GDP and non-agricultural population were respectively 12.37 and 14.67 in 2000, which were far higher than those in other regions. Nevertheless the environmental harmonious degree in the municipal area of Xi＇an ranges between 0.6 and 0.8, which was better than that of suburban area. Some proposals addressing to the problems of harmonious level in all scales, resources utilization, projects management and feasibility analysis and intensive urbanization are also put forward. 相似文献
5.
Landsat ETM/TM data and an artificial neural network （ANN） were applied to analyse the expansion of the city of Xi＇an and land use/cover change of its surrounding area between 2000 and 2003. Supervised classification and normalized difference barren index （NDBI） were used respectively to retrieve its urban boundary. Results showed that the urban area increased by an annual rate of 12.3%, with area expansion from 253.37 km^2 in 2000 to 358.60 km^2 in 2003. Large areas of farmland in the north and southwest were converted into urban construction land. The land use/cover changes of Xi＇an were mainly caused by fast development of urban economy, population immigration from countryside, great development of infrastructure such as transportation, and huge demands for urban market. In addition, affected by the government policy of “returning farmland to woodland”, some farmland was converted into economic woodland, such as Chinese goosebeerv garden, vineyard etc. 相似文献
6.
Ya Luo Shengtian Yang Changsen Zhao Xiaoyan Liu Changming Liu Linna Wu Haigen Zhao Yichi Zhang 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(5):802-814
In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that： 1） Land use changed significantly in the period 1998-2010. The total area experiencing land use change was 42,302 km2, accounting for 22.57%of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2010 compared with 1998.2） Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including （a） low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland, （b） medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland, （c） farmland to other woodland, and （d） farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3） The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relatively stable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau of China. 相似文献
7.
In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that: 1) Land use changed significantly in the period 1998–2010. The total area experiencing land use change was 42,302 km2, accounting for 22.57%of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2010 compared with 1998. 2) Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including(a) low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland,(b) medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland,(c) farmland to other woodland, and(d) farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3) The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relativelystable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau of China. 相似文献
8.
Urban land cover has major impacts on a city’s ecosystem services and the inherent quality of its urban residential environment. The spatio-temporal distribution of impervious surface area and green areas in Chinese cities has exhibited a significantly marked difference in comparison with USA cities. This study focused on monitoring and comparing the spatio-temporal dynamics, land cover patterns and characteristics of functional regions in six Chinese(n=3) and USA(n=3) cities. The study data were collated from Landsat TM/MSS imagery during the period 1978–2010. Results indicate that Chinese cities have developed compactly over the past three decades, while development has been notably dispersed among USA cities. Mean vegetation coverage in USA cities is approximately 2.2 times that found amongst Chinese urban agglomerations. Land use types within Chinese cities are significantly more complex, with a higher density of impervious surface area. Conversely, the central business district(CBD) and residential areas within USA cities were comprised of a lower proportion of impervious surface area and a higher proportion of green land. Results may be used to contribute to future urban planning and administration efforts in both China and the USA. 相似文献
9.
1987-2007年土耳其伊斯坦布尔黑海沿岸土地利用变化(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sümeyra KURT 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(2):271-279
Recently,important land use changes have occurred in the Black Sea coastal regions of stanbul due to urban growth and population increases.The objective of this study was to determine changes in land use in the Black Sea coastal regions of stanbul between 1987 and 2007.Landsat 30 m satellite images from 1987 and 2007 are used in the study.The study area is 1000 m in width from the coastline to the land and the study has been carried out using the controlled classification method to classify areas into residential,agricultural,forest,bare land,brush/grassland,and lake/pond land classes.Land use changes between 1987 and 2007 were analysed in detail.Residential areas of the Black Sea coastal regions of stanbul increased by 122% over the two decades.Also an increase of 55% in agriculture areas was observed,while there were decreases of 26% in forest areas and 15% in free land.A 21% increase in the area of brush and grassland took place.Furthermore 79% of the study area was covered by residential areas in 2007.It is probable that pressure on the stanbul coastal regions will continue due to migraton and rapid urbanization.Therefore,Istanbul’s Black Sea coastal regions should be maintained using a sustainable coastal management plan. 相似文献
10.
基于景观生态学和马尔可夫模型的日本北九州土地利用分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Based on four phases of TM images acquired in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005, this paper took Kitakyushu in Japan as a case study to analyze spatial change of land use landscape and corresponding effects on environmental issues guided by landscape ecology theory in virtue of combining technology of Remote Sensing with GIS. Firstly, land use types were divided into 6 classes （farmland, mountain, forestland, water body, urban land and unused land） according to national classification standard of land use, comprehensible ability of TM image and purpose of this study. Secondly, following the theory of landscape ecology analysis, 11 typical landscape indices were abstracted to evaluate the environmental effects and spatial feature changes of land use. Research results indicated that land use has grown more and more diversified and unbalanced, human activities have disturbed the landscape more seriously. Finally, transfer matrix of Markov was applied to forecast change process of land use in the future different periods, and then potential land use changes were also simulated from 2010 to 2050. Results showed that conversion tendency for all types of land use in Kitakyushu into urban construction land were enhanced. The study was anticipated to help local authorities better understand and address a complex land use system, and develop improved land use management strategies that could better balance urban expansion and ecological conservation. 相似文献
11.
以河南省市域入境旅游创汇收入为测度指标,采用Arc GIS-EDSA空间分析法,探索2000,2005,2009,2014年河南省市域旅游经济在空间上的分异。结果表明:河南省市域旅游经济的全局空间关联类型在4个年份中都为正的空间自相关;在局域空间关联类型研究中,郑州市和焦作市2005,2009,2014年在地理空间上为显著的H-H区,其他类型的空间关联类型在地理空间上的分布较为离散;通过Jenks自然断裂点法得到郑州市、洛阳市和焦作市在地理空间上显现出大范围的连续的高水平的旅游经济区,而豫东南、豫中和豫北旅游经济发展水平较低,河南省市域旅游经济空间分异较为典型。 相似文献
12.
耕地生产力与粮食安全耦合关系与趋势分析——以河南省为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
粮食是社会经济发展的重要保障。运用耕地、粮食安全测度模型对2005~2014年河南省粮食安全状况进行评估。结果表明：① 2005~2014年,农民种粮积极性上升10%,耕地压力指数下降71%,农民经济收益上升 13%,耕地重心向西南移动。 ② 不同指标对耕地生产力的贡献率具有差异性。2005~2009年粮种比对耕地生产力的贡献率最大,2010~2014年贡献率发生转移,粮食播种面积单位产量对耕地生产力的贡献率最大;10 a间,粮种比的贡献（69.77%）相对粮食单产的贡献（39.28%）更能促进河南省耕地生产力的提高。 ③ 耕地压力受到自然、社会等多方面因素影响。各指标间相关关系较强,种粮积极性与农民耕地保护能力的二者呈现负相关关系。 相似文献
13.
河南省建设用地扩张及其驱动力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对1996—2008年河南省建设用地扩张及驱动力分析,得出以下结论:1)河南省建设用地扩张十分迅速,尤其是随着中原崛起、中原城市群战略的提出及逐步实施,建设用地扩张速度更快,并且城镇用地、独立工矿用地和交通用地的增加是其重要原因;2)建设用地结构的信息熵指数逐渐增大,土地职能类型逐渐多样化,土地利用结构趋于均衡,并且建设用地的效益也在不断提高;3)建设用地扩张与经济增长、工业化、人口增长、城镇化以及由此而引发的基建需求具有很强的相关性;4)与全国和其他区域相比,驱动河南省建设用地扩张的主要力量具有特殊性,快速城镇化进程以及经济社会发展引发的基础设施需求是建设用地扩张的主要驱动力,而经济增长、人口增长及工业化是建设用地扩张的一般驱动力;5)经济发展水平高和城镇化进程快的中原城市群地区,特别是郑州、洛阳、新乡、焦作等地市是建设用地扩张的主要空间。 相似文献
14.
河南“米”字形高铁网构建对可达性及城市空间格局影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
从可达性的视角采用平均旅行时间、经济潜力、日常可达性等指标对河南“米”字形高速铁路网构建对各地市省内和省际可达性及城市空间格局的影响进行分析发现,① “米”字形高速铁路网有助于各地市省内和省际可达性水平提升,郑州的极化与集聚效应进一步增强,边界城市的交通边缘化状况明显改善,“米”字形城镇发展轴带正在形成;② 各地市省内和省际经济潜力大幅度提升,位置居中的高铁沿线城市省内区位优势显著,边界高铁沿线城市在省际联系中的门户区位优势显现;③ 以郑州中心的0.5 h核心圈、1 h紧密圈正在形成,“同城效应”显现,各地市省际2 h交流圈大幅度拓展,以郑州为中心的1.5 h省际合作圈即将形成。高铁网的构建将成为河南城市空间格局演变的重要推动因素和空间结构优化的基础支撑条件。 相似文献
15.
16.
省域城镇土地等别和基准地价快速更新方法研究——以江苏省为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
城镇土地等别和基准地价更新体系是对区域城镇地价水平进行平衡和宏观调控的重要手段.以江苏省为例,在综合分析原分等体系中"分等因素-分等因子-分等指标-等别指数"之间相关性及对应权重状况的基础上,得到全省城镇土地等别影响要素最小集及对应的权重集,据此构建省域城镇土地等别快速更新模型;然后,根据全省城镇土地分等指数与基准地价数据,建立了"基准地价-等别指数"耦合模型;最后对2个模型进行验证.结果表明,该方法对于江苏省省域土地等别和基准地价的快速更新具有较好的适用性,可为该省城镇土地等别和基准地价适势监测与调控提供技术支持. 相似文献
17.
Land use change and its eco-environmental responses are foci in geographical research. As a region with uneven economic development, land use change and eco-environmental responses across Jiangsu Province are relevant to China’s overall development pattern. The external function of regional land use changes during different stages of economic development. In this study, we proposed a novel classification system based on the dominant function of land use according to “production-ecology-life”, and then analyzed land use change and regional eco-environmental responses from a functional perspective of regional development. The results showed that from 1985 to 2008, land use change features in Jiangsu were that productive land area decreased and ecological and living land areas increased. Land use changes in southern Jiangsu were the most dramatic. In southern and central parts of Jiangsu the agricultural production function weakened and urban life service function strengthened; in northern Jiangsu, the mining production function’s comparative advantage highlighted that the rural life service function was weakening. Ecological environmental quality decreased slightly in Jiangsu and its three regions. The maximum contribution rate to ecological environmental change occurred in southern Jiangsu and the minimum rate was located in the north. Eco-environmental quality deteriorated in southern and central Jiangsu, related to expanding construction land in urban and rural areas. Ecological environmental quality deterioration in northern Jiangsu is probably due to land development and consolidation. The main reason for improvements in regional ecological environments is that agricultural production land was converted to water ecological land across Jiangsu. 相似文献
18.
城市化过程中土地利用变化对区域滞洪库容量的影响研究——以南京市河西地区为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过对两期LandsatTM遥感影像进行监督分类,提取近20年南京市河西地区土地利用变化状况,用转移矩阵、迁移概率和迁移量比重模型来说明河西地区的土地利用变化,并根据地表状况和土壤的压实程度提出了不同土地利用类型的区域滞洪库容量计算模型,从而估计土地利用变化对水分调节功能的影响。研究发现:①河西地区土地利用变化的主要特征为以其他土地利用类型向建筑用地的转移为主,旱地内部的转移和水田向旱地(主要是菜地)的转移也占有一定的比重;②由于地表封闭和种植结构的改变导致区域滞洪库容量大量损失,1986年到2003年总滞洪库容量减少了550.40万m3其中因建筑用地面积的增加使地表封闭而减少的滞洪库容量高达482.15万m3,相当于整个研究区域86mm水深;③局部范围的土壤压实只对局部的滞洪库容量产生影响而对区域的总的滞洪库容量的影响不大,1986年到2003年因土壤压实而减少的滞洪库容量只有3.12万m3,只占总滞洪库容减少量的0.54%。研究表明减少地表封闭是防止城市瞬时洪涝灾害的重要方面。 相似文献
19.
清代中期江苏省土地利用格局网格化重建 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
针对当前历史土地利用空间重建研究多基于单一地类且空间分辨率较低的特征,提出较高分辨率全地类土地利用空间重建方法。以1820年为时间断面,以现代江苏省域为研究区,以历史文献记载、历史地理学研究成果、现代统计数据、自然环境数据等为支撑,将土地利用类型划分为耕地、聚落用地（含城镇用地、农村居民点用地）、水域和其他用地（含林草地及未利用地）,考虑区域自然资源和社会经济特征,提出理论假设,对府级耕地、城镇用地、农村居民点用地数量进行修正;沿用以现代土地利用格局为基础反演历史土地利用格局的基本思路,从人地关系角度出发,采用治所邻近度分析、综合评价等方法重建了1820年100 m×100 m空间格网下的江苏省土地利用格局,同时,通过不同地理分区统计及降尺度对比间接验证等分析了重建结果。结果表明：① 1820年江苏省耕地、城镇用地、农村居民点用地、水域用地及其他用地面积分别占区域总面积的48.49%、4.46%、0.16%、15.03%和31.86%;② 1820年研究区内土地垦殖率较高,但建设用地比率较低,受人口分布、地形及河网密度等影响,不同地理分区土地利用差异较为显著;③ 农村居民点用地及耕地的降尺度分析结果均呈显著线性正相关,在一定程度上表明研究结果具有合理性。 相似文献
20.
基于1978—2014年的统计数据,采用城镇化响应强度模型和多元线性回归方法,研究了河南省产业结构演变城镇化响应的时间和空间特征及其影响因素。结果表明:非农产业发展城镇化响应强度呈上升趋势,但第二、第三产业发展城镇化响应具有明显的差异,其中第二产业发展的城镇化响应强度呈现阶段性波动,第三产业发展城镇化响应强度呈"U"型曲线变化趋势;河南省城镇化响应的空间分布具有明显的差异,区域城镇化类型由单一化向多元化发展趋势明显;通过回归分析发现,区域城镇化总体水平、城镇体系发育程度、区域人口承载能力、产业集聚能力、城市经济密度、土地利用强度是影响河南省产业结构演变的主要因素。 相似文献