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1.
叠层石洲际对比的成败及其生物地层学意义的关键问题之一,就是它的分类、命名问题.迄今为止,国内外学者先后建立了十几种分类系统,各家都选择了各自认为的主要标志来作为分类的依据,其中:C.D.华可脱(C.D.Walcott,1914)以叠层石的平面形态为依据,将美国贝尔特(Belt)群的叠层石分为块状—蜂窝状、半球状、扇状、管状四大类若干属种;В.П.马斯洛夫(1960)根据叠层体平面上的形态及粗细层理特征,采用多名法进行分类;П.С.克拉斯诺彼耶娃(1960)的分类则重基本层的亮带、暗带特征并结合一定的外部形态;И.Н.科罗柳克(1960)根据表壁特征将柱状叠层石分为无壁、具薄的单层壁、具多重壁及由专门组织形成的特种壁等四亚类九群;在И.Н.克雷洛夫(1963)的四级分类中,特别强调叠层 相似文献
2.
柴达木盆地中新世叠层石成因与古环境研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
柴达木盆地西部干柴沟一带发育了大量湖相叠层石，主要存在于新近纪中新世地层中。柴西地区的叠层石形态各异，成因各具特点，而且部分叠层石与现代叠层石完全不同而是更类似于前寒武时期的对应物，根据国内外叠层石研究的最新成果和成因分类标准，柴西地区主要发育了骨架、凝集和细粒叠层石。对应于不同的分类标准其成因也各不相同，细粒叠层石的形成主要是通过微生物自身的钙化作用和生物膜上过饱和碳酸盐等物质以及微生物的引发的沉淀作用；凝集型叠层石的形成主要与原核生物和真核藻类共同发挥粘附作用有关；骨架型叠层石的形成主要是真核藻类等的钙化与原地碳酸盐的沉淀综合作用的结果。柴达木盆地频繁变化的湖相水体条件和周围的构造运动是叠层石形态多样，成因各异的主要外部和环境因素。对各类叠层石的深入细致研究将对沉积学和环境学的研究提供宝贯的现代对应物。 相似文献
3.
<正> 1974年在我国上前寒武系蓟县层型剖面蓟县系雾迷山组下部首次报道了一个新的叠层石群Pseudogymnosolen Liang et Tsao,近数年来在我国许多地区陆续发现该群分子。与此同时,又发现大量的形态上与Pseudogymnosolen具有一定相似性但又有明显区别的新的叠层石群。作者认为原假裸枝叠层石群(相当属)资料十分丰富,已有足够条件提升为超群Pseudogymnosolenidae(相当科)。此超群的叠层石具有固定的柱体形态(表1图2),局部柱体本身是由一系列紧密相连的假柱组成,故它们的分类位置应归于柱-层叠层石大类。但因叠层体微小(柱体直径一般小于1厘米),具较频繁的平行和微散开分叉,它们可以与柱-层叠层石大类的其他叠层石明显区分。 相似文献
4.
系统性地对湖北松滋地区下奥陶统叠层石特征进行的详细研究。结果显示,叠层石在研究区下奥陶统南津关组、分乡组和红花园组均有分布,在纵向上具有规模、厚度和数量逐渐减小的特征,横向上叠层石类型也发生有规律的变化,由水平层状、波状逐渐变为柱状的类型。新发现并命名了两种叠层石类型,即凝块状叠层石和双锥柱状叠层石。根据几何形态特征,可以将研究区的叠层石分为层状、波状、柱状、丘状以及凝块状五种类型。在对各类型叠层石的沉积特征进行详细阐述基础上,根据叠层石发育的形态类型,结合不同类型叠层石内部的岩性、微相及显微特征,对研究区各类叠层石沉积环境进行了分析,并总结了研究区叠层石的沉积模式。根据中奥陶世初期后生动物的大量增加与叠层石突然减少的对应关系,结合研究区叠层石中发现大量后生底栖食草腹足类Ecculiomphalus化石等现象,认为叠层石的逐渐减少、衰退与后生动物丰度增加有一定关系,食草动物不仅啃食了形成叠层石的菌藻类微生物,造成叠层石数量的不断减少,而且破坏了叠层石的生长状态,并形成了独具研究区特征的凝块状叠层石。此外,研究认为,中奥陶世开始,海平面的快速上升也是研究区叠层石减少直至消失的原因之一。 相似文献
5.
在柴达木盆地发育了各种类型的渐新世—中新世湖相叠层石，其中丘状叠层石具有重要的地质意义，丘状叠层石直接生长在砾岩上，并向上逐渐演化为藻礁，藻礁向上又重新转化为叠层石沉积。通过对内部纹层特征和沉积组分的研究并结合叠层石的同位素、地球化学以及古生物资料分析表明，微生物自身的钙化作用以及微生物引发的沉淀作用形成了这种具有典型内部纹层的丘状叠层石。较高的温度、炎热和干燥的气候条件、坚硬的基底以及较少的藻类干扰作用是叠层石生成的主要因素。总体上，叠层石形成于较为低能的环境中，与高能环境中所形成的藻礁完全不同，而且两者具有明显的相互竞争作用。因此，与气候和水体条件密切相关的后生生物的生长和真核藻类的发育是叠层石在显生宙迅速衰落的主要因素。 相似文献
6.
(一)概述微小类型叠层石个体很小,直径数毫米,高数厘米。苏联学者科乌尔(1966年)最早研究微小类型叠层石。1974年,梁玉左和曹瑞骥研究天津蓟县剖面,命名了一个新属——假裸枝叠层石(Pseudogymnosolen)。1979年,增加到四个新属种。从此,这类个体较小的叠层石开始引起国内的注意(以梁玉左为代表)。七十年代和八十年代初,微小类型叠层石的研究,重在形态描述和地层意义的探讨,也涉及到一些生态学和沉积环境的研究;近年来则更多地注重其生成环境。 相似文献
7.
湖北松滋刘家场地区寒武系覃家庙组三段发育层状、不规则层状和柱状叠层石,三游洞组发育柱状和半球状叠层石。从层状、不规则层状、柱状到半球状叠层石,内部灰泥含量不断减少,纹层特征从明显到断续,反映了水动力条件加强的变化环境。从沉积岩石学角度与叠层石分类观点讨论得出,研究区不同沉积环境的叠层石组合类型有所差异,不同类型的叠层石主要沉积相带不同:潮上带主要分布层状(包括不规则层状)和柱状叠层石,潮间带主要分布柱状、半球状叠层石;层状叠层石主要分布于水动力条件较弱的潮上带,而柱状和半球状叠层石主要分布于水动力条件较强的潮间带下部。部分后生动物的大量灭绝导致叠层石微生物生长繁殖是松滋寒武系叠层石发育的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
通过对青藏高原五道梁地区中新世湖相叠层石样品岩石薄片、扫描电镜的观察,发现叠层石纹层主要有层带状、波状和柱状3种形态,且明暗纹层的结构极不相同,富屑层颗粒结构明显,富藻纹层由致密状含有机质泥晶方解石构成,呈泥晶结构;在此基础上,对叠层石进行了成因分类,认为研究区发育骨架叠层石、凝集叠层石和细粒叠层石。综合叠层石的沉积学、矿物学和稳定C,O同位素值特征,认为叠层石沉积期气候湿润,而纹层层偶则形成于呈季节性变化的气候条件下,亮层代表湿润期,暗层形成于相对干旱期。 相似文献
9.
叠层石被广泛认为是地球上的一些最古老的生命痕迹,是研究地球早期生命的重要窗口。作为前寒武纪地层中的唯一常见化石,可以作为地层对比的标志,特别是中、新元古代盆地间的地层对比。青海省中祁连地层分区东岔沟村花石山群克素尔组以白云质碳酸盐岩组合为主,赋存大量叠层石。依据曹瑞骥和袁训来总结的分类方法,在研究区识别出9种不同的叠层石属,分别为：Baicalia、Chihsienella、Anabaria、Tielingella、Conicodomenia、Tungussia、Colonnella、Stratifera和Cryptozoon。研究区叠层石组合与中元古界上部蓟县系铁岭组叠层石组合具有明显的可比性,与国内其他地区的中元古代晚期—新元古代早期叠层石组合也有很强的相似性,据此推测花石山群克素尔组的年代大致为中元古代晚期。青海叠层石的报道将为我国和世界范围内中、新元古代叠层石的分布提供新产地的数据,常见叠层石属、种的垂直分布延限也有新的化石证据,对提升地层对比的精度具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
吴萍 《沉积与特提斯地质》1988,8(Z1):14-28
一、引言自从Ginsburg(1955)及Logan等(1961,1964)研究了巴哈马、佛罗里达和西澳大利亚的现代藻叠层石以来,已经建立了用藻叠层石的形态和构造来解释现代或古代海洋沉积环境的基础。在我国,报道前寒武纪叠层石的文章较多,上古生代则不多见。作者自1980年以来对广东泥盆纪碳酸盐沉积中的藻叠层石做了一些研究,现根据所得资料进行报道。 相似文献
11.
Zhang Yun 《Precambrian Research》1985,30(3):277-302
A relatively diverse microbiota, preserved in-situ, has been discovered in cherty stratiform stromatolites of the middle Proterozoic Wumishan Formation (c. 1200–1300 Maold), Jixian Group, in the Ming Tombs area of Beijing. This microfossil assemblage consists of two parts: (1) the mat-building and mat-dwelling benthos which mostly belong to “long-lasting” taxa and are mostly common with those of other Proterozoic microbiotas; and (2) allochthonous elements including some plankton and peculiar structures which are either new forms first described here or taxa shared with some contemporaneous or penecontemporaneous microbiotas elsewhere. The latter may have more stratigraphic significance.Bivariate analysis on two characters measured (length and width) has been used in the classification of the elongate microfossils, and the results demonstrate that biometrical methods are effective in the taxonomy of some Precambrian microfossils.The following new taxa are described:Archaeoellipsoides obesus sp. nov., Archaeoellipsoides conjunctivus sp. nov., Bactrophycus oblongum gen. et sp. nov., Bactrophycus dolichum gen. et sp. nov., Callosicoccus crauros gen. et sp. nov. 相似文献
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13.
The stromatolites of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt (approximately 2700 Ma old) are perhaps the best-developed Archaean stromatolites yet found. Exposures occur on two stratigraphic levels, both part of the “Bulawayan” in Rhodesian stratigraphic terminology (Wilson et al., 1978). The extensive outcrops show a wide variety of stromatolites, including forms similar to Baicalia, Conophyton, Irregularia and Stratifera. Many stromatolites occur in cyclic units, possibly reflecting periodic changes in lagoonal conditions. Associated sedimentary rocks were deposited in a very shallow-water environment and some display well-developed desiccation features. Currently held concepts concerning the evolution of stromatolites and their usefulness in biostratigraphy do not appear to be supported by the evidence from Belingwe. 相似文献
14.
Biodiversity and Sequence of the Middle Triassic Panxian Marine Reptile Fauna, Guizhou Province, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
JIANG Dayong Ryosuke MOTANI HAO Weicheng Olivier RIEPPEL SUN Yuanlin Andrea TINTORI SUN Zuoyu Lars SCHMITZ 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(3):451-459
Abstract: The Middle Triassic Panxian fauna is a physical marker and representative record of the rapid recovery of the Triassic marine ecosystem following the Early Triassic stagnant stage after the end-Permian mass extinction. Ten marine reptile taxa have been found from the 1.82–2.10 m-thick fossiliferous level in the Upper Member of the Guanling Formation, which can be subdivided into three marine reptile beds through the analysis on the stratigraphic distributions of fossil reptiles. The Lower Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Placodus inexpectatus Jiang et al., 2008 and Lariosaurus hongguoensis Jiang et al., 2006, the ichthyopterygians Xinminosaurus catactes Jiang et al., 2008 and Phalarodon cf. Phalarodon fraasi Merriam, 1910, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006, representing a stage of predominance of durophagous taxa. In this bed, the large complete skeletons may reach up to 2.3 m in length, and lithofacies and chemostratigraphic analyses indicate a relatively deep carbonate platform with an oxic water environment near the bottom, as well as a rising sea level. The Middle Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygian Nothosaurus yangjuanensis Jiang et al., 2006 and the archosaur Qianosuchus mixtus Li et al., 2006, associated with Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. The fossils in this bed are characterized by its pincering dentition and large overall body size, with the largest possibly exceeding 3 m in length. This bed might represent a time of deepest basin with relatively anoxic condition near the bottom. The Upper Reptile Bed yields the sauropterygians Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et al., 2008, Keichousaurus sp., the protorosaur Dinocephalosaurus orientalis Li, 2003, and the ichthyopterygian Mixosaurus panxianensis Jiang et al., 2006. In this bed, reptilian taxa characterized by suction feeding appeared, and most are less than 1 m long. This bed corresponds to a period of decreasing water depth. 相似文献
15.
瓮安生物群中海绵化石的新证据 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近年来笔者依据现存的瓮安生物群中一些海绵及动物胚胎化石标本的研究，对那些可能的球形海绵体及有争议的海绵幼虫标本进行了简略的评述。本文提供的保存完好的具单轴骨针的球形海绵体化石及可能的海绵幼虫标本，对于陡山沱期出现海绵动物的推测提出了新的证据。 相似文献
16.
Brendan P. Burns Roberto Anitori Philip Butterworth Ruth Henneberger Falicia Goh Michelle A. Allen Raquel Ibaez-Peral Peter L. Bergquist Malcolm R. Walter Brett A. Neilan 《Precambrian Research》2009,173(1-4):10
Revealing the geological history of microbial life is very challenging. Microbes rarely are preserved with morphological fidelity, and even when they are, morphology is a poor guide to phylogeny and metabolism. Biological studies of environments considered analogous to those of paleobiological interest on the ancient Earth can inform interpretations and suggest new approaches. This paper reviews recent advances in our understanding of the biological diversity of two environments relevant to Archean paleobiology: those of extreme acidity and temperature (the Mt. Hood and White Island volcanoes), and high salinity (living stromatolites in Shark Bay). The combination of traditional microbial isolation with the use of modern molecular techniques has revealed that the microbial communities in these environments are much more diverse than originally thought. Through the extraction of whole microbial community DNA, enzymatic amplification of evolutionarily conserved genes, and cloning and sequencing of these genes, more specific and informed inferences concerning functional complexity in these extreme environments have now been made. Studies of the modern stromatolites have demonstrated that they have a very diverse range of micoorganisms, and contrary to previous interpretations, cyanobacteria are not the most abundant microbes present. In addition, many of the microorganisms are unique with no known close relatives, and these microorganisms may also possess novel physiologies vital to the integrity and persistence of stromatolites through space and time. Microbes in the volcanoes studied are present ubiquitously and include geochemically significant sulfur- and iron-cycling taxa. The findings from the studies reviewed here suggest that the Archean biota may have been functionally diverse and much more complex than has yet been revealed. The importance of studying modern analogues is stressed in that the biogeochemical processes occurring in these communities leave morphological, mineralogical, lipid and isotopic signals that could be sought in the rock record. 相似文献
17.
Christian Défarge Pascale Gautret Joachim Reitner Jean Trichet 《Sedimentary Geology》2009,213(3-4):152-155
The paper by Perry et al. (2007, Defining biominerals and organominerals: Direct and indirect indicators of life, Sedimentary Geology, 201, 157–179) proposes to introduce “the new term ‘organomineral’” to describe mineral products whose formation is induced by by-products of biological activity, dead and decaying organisms, or nonbiological organic compounds, to be distinguished from the biomineral components of living organisms. The substantive ‘organomineral’, however, is not new: it was first introduced in 1993, with basically the same definition and distinction from biominerals, at the 7th International Symposium on Biomineralization (Défarge and Trichet, 1995, From biominerals to ‘organominerals’: The example of the modern lacustrine calcareous stromatolites from Polynesian atolls, Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique de Monaco, n° spéc. 14, vol. 2, pp. 265–271). Thereafter, more than twenty-five papers by various authors have been devoted to organominerals and organomineral formation (‘organomineralization’) processes. Only two of these papers are cited by Perry et al., and without any reference to the definitions, or even the terms ‘organomineral’ or ‘organomineralization’, which they included. Moreover, Perry et al. tend to enlarge the original concept of organomineral to encompass all minerals containing organic matter, whether these organic compounds are active or passive in the mineralization, which introduces ambiguities detrimental to a fine understanding of present and past geobiological processes. Finally, Perry et al. propose to consider organominerals as indirect biosignatures that could be used in the search for evidence of life in the geological record and extraterrestrial bodies. This latter proposition also is problematical, in that organominerals may be formed in association with prebiotic or abiotic organic matter. 相似文献
18.
Stromatolites are internally laminated organosedimentary structures that result from the environmental interactions of Benthic Microbial Communities. They have been traditionally described and classified either by quasi-Linnean taxonomic systems or by morphometric schemes. Neither of these approaches has proved entirely satisfactory. The application of the mathematics of evolving surfaces provides a promising alternative for the modelling and classification of stromatolites in terms of their morphogenesis. The suggestion of Grotzinger and Rothman that stromatolite-growth in general could be attributed to a combination of four processes that constitute the variables of the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation has been analyzed and found to be an oversimplification. While some stromatolites can be characterized in this way, because of local growth effects, the majority of stromatolite forms exhibit nonlocal growth characteristic of Laplacian growth. Work is being undertaken to model such growth. 相似文献
19.
Karl B. Föllmi 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2009,102(3):515-518
The two newly defined lithostratigraphic units – the Rohrbachstein and Plaine-Morte Beds – within the recently reinstated Grünten Member (former “Upper Orbitolina Beds") embody characteristic lithostratigraphic units, which are well distinguishable in the field. They furthermore bear significant paleoceanographic information in that they document the final drowning episode of the Schrattenkalk carbonate platform (Rohrbachstein Bed) and overlap with oceanic anoxic event 1a (“Selli event": Plaine-Morte Bed). Their use is in line with a long-standing tradition to name individual phosphate- and glauconite-containing marker beds and is fully justified with respect to the Swiss guidelines of stratigraphical nomenclature (Remane et al. 2005). 相似文献