共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
敏感环境下基坑数值分析中土体本构模型的选择 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
数值分析已成为敏感环境下基坑工程分析的最重要手段,其关键是选择合适的土体本构模型和计算参数。在分析了岩土数值分析中常用土体本构模型特点的基础上,通过算例较系统地对比了各类模型在基坑开挖数值分析中的适用性。敏感环境下的基坑工程需重点关注墙后土体的变形,从满足工程需要和方便实用的角度出发,建议采用能考虑黏土的塑性和应变硬化特征、能区分加荷和卸荷且刚度依赖于应力水平的硬化类弹塑性模型,如MCC模型和HS模型进行分析。具体工程实例的分析,表明了硬化类弹塑性模型在敏感环境下基坑开挖数值分析中的适用性。 相似文献
2.
以天津地铁2号线下穿多层建筑物的盾构隧道为例,建立了盾构下穿空旷场地以及下穿建筑物的有限元模型,计算结果与现场实测数据进行了对比验证。在此基础上分析了在天津软土地区盾构隧道施工对地表沉降及多层砌体结构建筑物差异沉降的影响,并对采用小应变土体本构模型与硬化土本构模型的计算结果进行比较。结果表明,采用小应变本构模型的地表最大沉降和横向沉降槽宽度与实测数据吻合良好。盾构斜下穿砌体结构房屋时,建筑物有偏向隧道轴线方向的倾斜,采用小应变土体本构模型的计算结果可以更好地反映建筑物的倾斜斜率的变化。因此,研究软土地区盾构掘进对上方建筑物沉降影响的精细化分析时应考虑土体小应变的影响。 相似文献
3.
随着深部地下洞室的大量兴建,深部开挖过程中开挖破坏区的形成及其预测成为国内外岩石力学研究的焦点。本文首先对硬岩破坏过程的力学特性进行了分析,在此基础上对当前岩石力学工程界惯常采用的连续介质模型和粘聚力弱化-摩擦强度强化（CWFS）模型进行了比较;利用岩土工程分析软件FLAC,采用理想弹塑性、弹脆塑性、应变软化及CWFS模型对加拿大Mine-by Experiment圆形试验洞室进行了数值分析,通过对围岩应力分布、关键点应力大小和塑性区分布的对比分析,发现CWFS模型计算得到的应力场更能准确反映破坏区产生后应力向围岩深部转移并集中的特征;这一应力分布特征与开挖破坏区不存在时的结果更接近;与其它模型相比,CWFS模型计算得到的破坏区范围和深度更大,与现场实测值更加吻合。最后采用CWFS模型对挪威Kobbskaret公路隧道破坏区大小进行了计算分析,再次验证了采用CWFS模型对硬岩开挖破坏区预测的合理性。 相似文献
4.
Bertrand François Vincent Labiouse Arnaud Dizier Ferdinando Marinelli Robert Charlier Frédéric Collin 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):71-86
Boom Clay is extensively studied as a potential candidate to host underground nuclear waste disposal in Belgium. To guarantee the safety of such a disposal, the mechanical behaviour of the clay during gallery excavation must be properly predicted. In that purpose, a hollow cylinder experiment on Boom Clay has been designed to reproduce, in a small-scale test, the Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) as experienced during the excavation of a disposal gallery in the underground. In this article, the focus is made on the hydro-mechanical constitutive interpretation of the displacement (experimentally obtained by medium resolution X-ray tomography scanning). The coupled hydro-mechanical response of Boom Clay in this experiment is addressed through finite element computations with a constitutive model including strain hardening/softening, elastic and plastic cross-anisotropy and a regularization method for the modelling of strain localization processes. The obtained results evidence the directional dependency of the mechanical response of the clay. The softening behaviour induces transient strain localization processes, addressed through a hydro-mechanical second grade model. The shape of the obtained damaged zone is clearly affected by the anisotropy of the materials, evidencing an eye-shaped EDZ. The modelling results agree with experiments not only qualitatively (in terms of the shape of the induced damaged zone), but also quantitatively (for the obtained displacement in three particular radial directions). 相似文献
5.
Prediction of stresses and strains around model tunnels with adjacent embedded walls in overconsolidated clay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents the results of finite element analyses carried out using different constitutive models for overconsolidated clay: the Modified Cam clay model and the Three-Surface Kinematic Hardening (3-SKH) model. These analyses are evaluated against data from an extensive series of physical model tests examining the influence of an embedded wall placed near a tunnel on ground movements and tunnel stability. It is shown that for heavily overconsolidated soils reasonable predictions of both deformations and failure can be obtained from kinematic hardening models such as the 3-SKH model, which allow plastic deformation inside a Modified Cam clay state boundary surface. 相似文献
6.
Many interpretations of small-strain experiments indicate a non-linear dependence of soil stiffness on pressure. This shows that small-strain stiffness can be expressed as a power function of the mean effective stress rather than as a linear function of stress. Many cases in the field show the importance of these behaviours to load–deformation prediction in a soil-structure interaction problem. This paper presents a numerical implementation and validation of non-linear pressure-dependent stiffness in a hyperplasticity model using a strain-driven forward-Euler integration scheme. The kinematic hardening function was incorporated into a finite number of multiple-yield surfaces of Modified Cam Clay to characterise small-strain stiffness and accommodate smooth transition of stiffness corresponding to different loading conditions and stress histories. Experimental results of current state and loading history dependence in overconsolidated clay are compared to the model prediction. 相似文献
7.
In densely built areas, the development of underground transportation systems often involves twin tunnels, which are sometimes unavoidably constructed adjacent to existing piled foundations. Because soil stiffness degrades with induced stress release and shear strain during tunnelling, it is vital to investigate the pile responses to subsequent tunnels after the first tunnel in a twin-tunnel transportation system. To gain new insights into single pile responses to side-by-side twin tunnelling in saturated stiff clay, a three-dimensional coupled-consolidation numerical parametric study is carried out. An advanced hypoplasticity (clay) constitutive model with small-strain stiffness is adopted. The effects of each tunnel depth relative to pile are investigated by simulating the twin tunnels either near the mid-depth of the pile shaft or adjacent to or below the pile toe. The model parameters are calibrated against centrifuge test results in stiff clay reported in literature. It is found the second tunnelling in each case resulted in larger settlement than that due to the first tunnelling with a maximum percentage difference of 175% in the case of twin tunnelling near the mid-depth of the shaft. This is because of the degradation of clay stiffness around the pile during the first tunnelling. Conversely, the first tunnelling-induced bending moment was reduced substantially during the second tunnelling. The most critical location of twin tunnels relative to the pile was found to be the tunnels below the pile toe. This is because the entire pile was located within the major influence zone of the twin tunnelling. Two distinct load transfer mechanisms can be identified in the pile, namely downward load transfer in case of tunnels near mid-depth of the pile shaft and next to the pile toe and upward load transfer in case of twin-tunnelling below the pile toe. These two transfer mechanisms can be useful for practitioner to assess the pile performance due to twin tunnelling. 相似文献
8.
《Computers and Geotechnics》2006,33(6-7):316-329
The aim of the paper is to provide new elements concerning the constitutive behavior of sedimentary rocks and the numerical aspects for basin simulators. A comprehensive model for mechanical compaction of sedimentary basins is developed within finite poroplasticity setting. Particular concern is paid to the effects of large porosity changes on the poromechanical properties of the sediment material. A simplified micromechanics-based approach is used to account for the stiffness increase and hardening induced by large plastic strains.A key challenge for numerical assessment of sedimentary basin evolution is to integrate multiple coupled processes in the context of open material systems. To this end, a numerical approach inspired from the ‘deactivation/reactivation’ method used for the simulation of excavation process and lining placement in tunnel engineering, has been developed. Periods of sediments accretion are simulated by progressive activation of the gravity forces within a fictitious closed system. Fundamental components of the constitutive model developed before (hydromechanical coupling, dependence of poroelastic properties on large plasticity, impact of irreversible porosity changes on the hardening rule, evolution of permeability with porosity) are included into our finite element code.Illustrative examples of basin simulation are performed in the one-dimensional case. Various aspects of the constitutive model are investigated. Their influence on the corresponding basin response is analyzed in terms of compaction law, porosity and fluid pressure profiles. 相似文献
9.
In this paper, the novel concept of probabilistic yielding is used for 1‐D cyclic simulation of the constitutive behavior of geomaterials. Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov equation‐based probabilistic elastic–plastic constitutive framework is applied for obtaining the complete probabilistic (probability density function) material response. Both perfectly plastic and hardening‐type material models are considered. It is shown that when uncertainties in material parameters are taken into consideration, even the simple, elastic‐perfectly plastic model captures some of the important features of geomaterial behavior, for example, modulus reduction with cyclic strain, which, deterministically, is only possible with more advanced constitutive models. Furthermore, it is also shown that the use of isotropic and kinematic hardening rules does not significantly improve the probabilistic material response. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
《Computers and Geotechnics》2001,28(6-7):397-423
The case history of the deep excavation for the National Gallery extension in London is presented in this paper. Comparisons with data from other sites show that it is typical for that of similar projects in Central London. Class 1 predictions of the retaining wall behaviour (prior to construction) using the Model London Clay constitutive relationship considerably over-estimated wall and ground movements. Retaining wall and ground movements are also considerably over-predicted by analyses using a simple linear elastic/perfectly plastic soil model, despite optimistic parameters being assumed for the soils. Predictions made using the constitutive model BRICK are closer to the measured deflected shape, but are also higher than measured values. Parametric studies of the effect of various parameters suggest that a “best estimate” of the wall movements are still well in excess of those measured. It is concluded that these differences are due to three-dimensional effects and deficiencies in the model. The “beam-spring” computer software for retaining walls FREW gives similar results to the analyses using the simple model. Analyses of the same problem carried out by a different operator using another finite element code, but with the same constitutive model, yielded somewhat different results and highlight the need for careful interpretation of finite element analyses. 相似文献
11.
The shape of an underground opening is a major factor influencing the stability of the underground excavation. Obtaining an optimized shape is significant in civil and mining engineering applications for increasing stability and reducing costs. This paper presents an updated method for finding the optimal shape of an underground excavation using the latest bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) techniques considering material nonlinearities. Recent development in the BESO applications to underground excavation is discussed through illustrated examples. Details are given of the BESO method used to finding the optimal shape based on the global stiffness. The methodology of the stiffness based optimization techniques is described with examples of applications to underground excavation. Applications to underground void structures, such as cavern and tunnel, as well as underground solid structure such mine pillar are demonstrated. It is concluded that stiffness based optimization techniques are applicable to underground excavations and practical shape of an excavation can be generated as a result of the BESO application. 相似文献
12.
This paper presents a two-surface plasticity model for describing some important features of saturated clay under cyclic loading conditions, such as closed hysteresis loops, cyclic shakedown and degradation, and different stress–strain relations for two-way loading. The model, namely ACC-2-C, is based on the elastoplastic model ACC-2 (an adapted Modified Cam Clay model with two yield surfaces) developed by Hong et al. (Acta Geotech 11(4):871–885, 2015). The small-strain nonlinearity concept is adopted to achieve the nonlinear characteristics of clay during unloading–loading stage. The new hardening law related to accumulated deviatoric plastic strain is proposed for the inner surface to describe the cyclic shakedown and degradation. Following the advantages of the ACC-2 model, the constitutive equations are simply formulated based on the consistency condition for the inner yield surface. The model is conveniently implemented in a finite element code using a stress integration scheme similar to the Modified Cam Clay model. The simulation results are highly consistent with experimental data from drained and undrained isotropic cyclic triaxial tests in normally consolidated saturated clay under both one-way and two-way loadings.
相似文献13.
随着地下空间开发利用的立体式发展,地下近接工程中结构相互作用问题日益突显。针对盾构隧道下穿既有挤土桩问题,提出了基于岩土介质小孔扩张（收缩）理论的分析方法。通过基于统一砂黏土本构模型和大应变假设推导的小孔扩张-收缩排水解析解,建立了隧-桩相互作用力学模型;提出了隧道开挖影响下桩基的承载力衰减因子,并采用荷载-沉降曲线预测了桩基沉降。由分析结果可知,隧道地层损失引起的桩侧承载力减小、桩端承载力减小和桩端刚度损失,三者共同作用促使桩基发生沉降失稳,并提出了桩基的承载力控制准则、稳定控制准则和变形控制准则。此外,研究得到了桩基失稳时隧道地层损失与各因素之间的相关关系。其结果为揭示隧道与邻近结构相互作用机制、保障地下结构稳定性提供了有效的分析手段和必要的理论依据。 相似文献
14.
We examine the small-strain behavior of Taipei clays in braced excavation through a detailed analysis of a well-documented case history. Specifically, we analyze the case of the Taipei National Enterprise Center (TNEC) excavation using two soil models, the Modified Cam-clay model (MCC) and the three-Surface Kinematic Hardening model (3-SKH). Our finite element analysis includes a consideration of the over-consolidated stress state and the high initial shear modulus of the clay. Results show that the observed wall deflection and surface settlement can be satisfactorily predicted simultaneously using the 3-SKH model. This is an improvement on the MCC model, for which only wall deflection, not ground settlement, can be accurately predicted. This study re-confirms the importance of considering small-strain non-linear behavior for the over-consolidated stress state in finite element analyses of braced excavation responses. 相似文献
15.
岩土材料应力路径无关硬化参量的构成方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在分析砂土试验结果的基础上,揭示了基本硬化内参量（塑性体积应变、塑性剪应变）变化的应力路径相关性,提出了应力路径无关硬化参量的一般表达式。并指出了塑性功硬化参量及其提出的黏土和砂土统一硬化参量均是所提一般表达式框架下的特例。还将该统一硬化参量直接和修正剑桥模型结合,并与试验结果对比,表现出描述剪胀特性的简单性和有效性。 相似文献
16.
A two-surface plasticity model for stiff clay 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper presents a constitutive model for describing some important features of the behavior of natural stiff clay evidenced experimentally such as the limited elastic zone, the presence of strain hardening and softening, and the smooth transition from elastic behavior to a plastic one. The model, namely ACC-2, is an adapted Modified Cam Clay model with two yield surfaces: similarly to bounding surface plasticity theory, an additional yield surface—namely Inner yield surface—was adopted to account for the plastic behavior inside the conventional yield surface. A progressive plastic hardening mechanism was introduced with a combined volumetric-deviatoric hardening law associated with the Inner yield surface, enabling the plastic modulus to vary smoothly during loading paths. The main feature of the proposed model is that its constitutive equations can be simply formulated based on the consistency condition for the Inner yield surface, so that it can be efficiently implemented in a finite element code using a stress integration scheme similar to that of the Modified Cam Clay model. Furthermore, it is proved to be an appropriate model for natural stiff clay: the simulations of a set of tests along different mechanical loading paths on natural Boom Clay show good agreement with the experimental results. 相似文献
17.
Zienkiewicz-Pande屈服准则是Mohr-Coulomb准则的改进,在p-q子午面和π平面上都是光滑曲线,不存在尖点,不仅在数值迭代计算过程中易于处理,而且在一定程度上考虑了屈服曲线与静水压力的关系以及中主应力σ2对屈服的影响。该准则已应用于多个水电站地下洞室开挖支护计算中,但并未被大型数值计算软件所采用。根据弹塑性力学原理,详细推导了基于Zienkiewicz-Pande屈服准则的弹塑性本构模型在FLAC3D中的增量迭代计算格式;在FLAC3D提供的二次开发程序接口基础上,利用VC++程序语言实现了计算过程,并编译成动态链接库文件进行加载和调用。将自编的本构模型对一理想圆形隧洞进行模拟,计算结果与Mohr-Coulomb准则一致,验证了计算格式的正确性。将此本构模型应用于一大型地下洞室群的开挖围岩稳定分析中,得到的塑性区、位移场、应力场分布与Mohr-Coulomb准则计算结果分布规律相符,进一步验证了模型的适用性和可靠性。 相似文献
18.
The paper demonstrates the application of a hypoplastic model in class A predictions of a NATM tunnel in an urban environment. The tunnel, excavated in a stiff clay, is 14 m wide with 6 m to 21 m of overburden thickness. The constitutive model was calibrated using laboratory data (oedometric and triaxial tests) and the parameters were optimised using monitoring data from an exploratory drift. Based on the optimised data set, the future tunnel was simulated. After the tunnel excavation, it could be concluded that the model predicted correctly surface settlements, surface horizontal displacements, and the distribution of vertical displacements with depth. It overpredicted horizontal displacements in the vicinity of the tunnel. 相似文献
19.
20.
Time-dependent behaviour of deep clays 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The time-dependent behaviour of deep saturated clays is related both to the effects of hydraulic diffusion and of viscosity. In this paper, we present first, by means of an experimental approach, the main features of the mechanical properties of deep clays. Then, we study the effects of these specific behaviours on the time-dependent behaviour of underground structures. We present theoretical and numerical investigations of the effects of pore pressure diffusion resulting from a tunnel excavation in a poroplastic or poroviscoplastic medium. Finite-element calculations show that the time-dependent convergence of the tunnel wall is non negligible. Then, we focus on the behaviour of a cylindrical thermal source buried in a deep clay.
Coupling effects between thermal, hydraulic and mechanical behaviours are very important in soft and low permeable deep clays (saturated compressible clays with high porosity). We show in particular that the displacements and the stresses are very sensitive to the constitutive model. Irreversible behaviour may be traduced by appearance of residual stresses within the rockmass. 相似文献