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1.
进口水流条件及河道周界特征的改变是促使分汊河道主支汊交替的两大主要因素,不同类型的汊道对两者敏感性存在差异,辨析不同汊道主支汊交替的主导因素是预测汊道演变的前提。以长江中游分汊河道为参考,通过调整进口水流动力轴线走向及两汊的长度比设置了30种概化方案,采用平面二维水沙数学模型探讨上述两种因素对主支汊交替的影响。结论表明:两汊长度比存在一个临界值,当汊长比低于此临界值时,进口主流动力轴线的偏移是影响主、支汊交替的主要动力因素;超过此临界值后,进口水流条件变化对汊道分流格局的影响将会明显减弱,影响主支汊交替的主导因子将转换为汊道间的阻力对比关系;通过概化计算得到此临界值约为1.5。 相似文献
2.
进口水流条件及河道周界特征的改变是促使分汊河道主支汊交替的两大主要因素，不同类型的汊道对两者敏感性存在差异，辨析不同汊道主支汊交替的主导因素是预测汊道演变的前提。以长江中游分汊河道为参考，通过调整进口水流动力轴线走向及两汊的长度比设置了30种概化方案，采用平面二维水沙数学模型探讨上述两种因素对主支汊交替的影响。结论表明：两汊长度比存在一个临界值，当汊长比低于此临界值时，进口主流动力轴线的偏移是影响主、支汊交替的主要动力因素；超过此临界值后，进口水流条件变化对汊道分流格局的影响将会明显减弱，影响主支汊交替的主导因子将转换为汊道间的阻力对比关系；通过概化计算得到此临界值约为1.5。 相似文献
3.
Characteristics of multiple-fan ventilation networks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Y. J. Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1984,2(3):229-243
Summary The definitions of system pressure loss (mine head) and system resistance, which are traditionally associated with single-fan networks, are applied to multiple-fan ventilation networks. The system characteristics, relations among air power, pressure loss, air quantity and resistance, are analysed by introducing the concept of subsystems. These subsystems are associated with the fans located in a cutset of the network.For a multiple-fan network, the resistances for the subsystems and total system are dependent on the quantity ratios of the subsystems. In general the pressure loss of a subsystem or a total system does not vary as the square of the corresponding air quantity. If the quantity ratios of subsystems are all held constant, then the resistances become constant and the pressure losses are predictable from the quantities employing the square law. The system resistance has a minimum value under the natural-splitting flow pattern. Being independent of the value of system quantity, the minimum system resistance provides a basis for comparing the different networks. 相似文献
4.
在唐山LNG罐区对9根大直径钢筋混凝土灌注桩进行了竖向荷载现场试验,其中桩端后注浆工艺试桩3根,三岔双向挤扩工艺试桩3根,挤扩支盘工艺试桩3根。基于现场静荷载和桩身应力测试结果,分析了3种不同施工工艺钻孔灌注桩竖向荷载传递规律。试验结果表明：3种不同施工工艺的大直径深长钻孔灌注桩试桩荷载-沉降曲线没有明显拐点,后注浆工艺试桩荷载传递过程表现为摩擦桩的特性,桩侧阻力几乎承担全部荷载,而三岔双向挤扩支盘工艺和挤扩支盘工艺试桩荷载传递过程表现为端承摩擦桩的特性,桩端阻力占总荷载的20%～30%;3种不同施工工艺试桩的轴力及桩-土相对位移变化规律基本相似,桩侧桩端阻力非同步发挥且相互影响,桩侧摩阻力均表现出强化现象。对整个罐区要求单桩承载力特征值不小于8 100 kN。3种施工工艺的钻孔灌注桩承载力均能满足要求。 相似文献
5.
Extensional aspects of earthquake induced ruptures determined by an analysis of fracture bifurcation
Numerical and experimental investigation of symmetric fracture bifurcation (Kalthoff, 1972), has shown that for forks with small branch angles α<αc, where αc is approximately 14°, the propagation of the branches tends to enlarge the angle. For forks with larger branch angles, α>αc, the propagation of the branches tends to diminish the angle. Forks with the critical angle αc will propagate in their original direction. Kalthoff theorized that the branch angle changes as a function of KI/KII, where KI and KII are the stress intensity factors for tensile and shear (sliding) modes, respectively, and KI is considerably larger than KII. In this study I test the hypothesis that this fracture mechanic theory applies to the analysis of fault bifurcation in the crust, particularly in cases of rapid fracture.Fractures produced during the 1968 earthquake at the Coyote Creek fault in California are intensively branched and an example of rapid rupture. The angular behaviour of the branching ruptures in eight forks follows Kalthoffs theory unusually well. This implies that fracture at the surface was dominated by the tensile mode. Additional observations that support this implication are: series of prominent ruptures which show openings (of 20–30 mm per rupture), the symmetrical and bilateral forking, the high-intensity and angular shapes of individual branches, the opening of grabens associated with several bifurcations, lack of bifurcation in the southern break of the Coyote Creek fault, and the patterns of en echelon fractures which reflect mixed mode surfacial rupture.Hence, contrary to previous interpretations, according to field evidence and fracture mechanic theory, the fault bifurcation and opening along the Coyote Creek fault are not compatible with local tension caused by the primary shear. Fracture probably occurred by different mechanical modes at depth and at the surface. While faulting may have originated by shear at depth, rupture at the surface was dominated by far-field tension associated with NE-SW extension in South California. The present model predicts the directions of fracture propagation along the fault. 相似文献
6.
We report a new genus and species of Paleonisciformes-Cretolepis dongbeiensis gen. et sp. nov.,from the Early Cretaceous Longjiang Formation in Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province. The new materials can be distinguished from other Paleonisciformes genera by possessing the following characteristics: a sclerotic ring composed of more than five small bones; three pieces of suborbitals; one dermohyomandibular;a jaw hanging apparently inclined anteriorly; long and tall horizontal branch of the preopercular, a short vertical branch, with the angle formed by the two branches slightly higher than 90°; a triangular dorsal fin in the middle point between the pelvic and anal fins. The discovery of Mesozoic Paleonisciformes in northeastern China adds to the biodiversity and geographic distribution of Paleonisciformes. 相似文献
7.
阿尔金断裂带作为青藏高原北部边界的重要组成部分,长期以来受到国内外地学界的广泛关注与研究。笔者通过对区域重力场的分析,认为阿尔金断裂的西南端并非止于郭扎错,而是在郭扎错北东附近分为两个分支,一支经郭扎错继续向南西西延伸,过龙木错后由空喀山口进入克什米尔,另一支继续向南西延伸,经吉普以西止于班公湖附近的班公湖—怒江结合带,并且,经吉普以西止于班公湖附近的这一分支形成时间要早于经郭扎错、龙木错后由空喀山口进入克什米尔的这一分支。 相似文献
8.
A laboratory experiment has been performed to study the effect of ventilation on the rate of evaporation of the millimeter
sized charged and uncharged water drops suspended in a vertical wind tunnel. The linear relationship,f
u = 0.907 + 0.282X, observed between the mean ventilation coefficient, fu, and a non-dimensional parameterX, (X =N
Sc,v
1/3
N
Re
1/2
whereN
Sc,uis Schmidt number andN
Reis Reynold’s number) is in agreement with the results of earlier investigations for uncharged water drops. However, in case
of charged drops carrying 10-10C of charge, this relationship gets modified tof
u = 0.4877 + 0.149X. Thus, the rate of evaporation of charged drops is slower than that of uncharged drops of the same size.
Oscillations of the drop and the change in airflow around drops are suggested to contribute to lowering of the ventilation
coefficients for charged drops. Applicability of the results to a small fraction of highly charged raindrops falling through
the sub-cloud layer below thunderstorm is discussed. The relaxation time required for a ventilated drop to reach its equilibrium
temperature increases with the drop size and is higher for the charged than for the uncharged drops. It is concluded that
in a given distance, charged drops will evaporate less than that of uncharged drops. 相似文献
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10.
Christopher R. C. Paul 《Geological Journal》2015,50(2):189-209
Callocystites fresti sp. nov. is characterized by an elongate theca, protuberant periproct and raised ambulacral facets. Ambulacral branching in Callocystites is isotomous, but left‐ and right‐handed branches occur because the ambulacral groove branches in the same direction twice, interrupting the regularly alternating branching to brachioles. Branching in Strobilocystites does not interrupt the alternation of brachioles and lateral food grooves always pass adoral to the first brachiole of each branch. Sphaerocystites branched as in Strobilocystites. Other morphological features suggest Callocystites, Sphaerocystites and Strobilocystites are not closely related. Callocystites has open infra‐lateral and lateral circlets and five ambulacra; Sphaerocystites and Strobilocystites have closed/modified circlets and four ambulacra. In Callocystites and Sphaerocystites the B and D ambulacra differ from the others and they have one hydropore; in Strobilocystites all four ambulacra are the same and the hydropore is double. All three genera have large, globular thecae. Ambulacral branching was a response to increased food‐gathering requirements. The following are phylogenetically informative callocystitid characters: truly open vs closed/modified plate circlets; number of pectinirhombs; number of ambulacra; presence vs absence of the ‘B D different’ pattern of primary brachioles; single vs double hydropore. In echinoderms with five ambulacra in a 2–1–2 pattern ambulacral homologies are unambiguous: the single amb is A (III). In echinoderms without this pattern or with less than five ambulacra the hydropore or a single gonopore is best for orientation. Both always occur in the CD (V‐I) interambulacrum. The position of the periproct is unreliable. Different patterns and numbers of ambulacra in Palaeozoic echinoderms render a single developmental sequence improbable. Cystoids (blastozoans) had radial water vessels in their ambulacra and added new ambulacral plates terminally. Functional morphological considerations suggest tube feet were essential for food gathering. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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12.
The dynamic characteristics and migration of a pyramid dune 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
TAO WANG WEIMIN ZHANG ZHIBAO DONG JIANJUN QU ZHEFAN JING WANFU WANG JIANMIN FENG 《Sedimentology》2005,52(3):429-440
The results of wind tunnel experiments and field observations show that when the intersection angle between airflow direction and dune crest (ridge) line is > 30°, a reverse vortex is formed. Because of the convergence of sand streams from the windward and lee slopes at the crest, sand accumulates in the crestal region, causing vertical growth. Nevertheless, studies also show that the common asymmetry of the two slopes of a dune may significantly influence the evolution of arms of a pyramid dune. The migration rates of pyramid dunes are mediated by the interplay of their arms moving transversely and the vertical growth in response to the variations in wind regimes. Comparing the effects of airflow transverse to a given arm with longitudinal airflow, it is indicated that the transverse airflow is more significant in controlling the arms of pyramid dunes. The whole body of the studied pyramid dune, particularly the upper quarter section, migrated SE direction during the monitoring period. The patterns of wind erosion and deposition change alternately with seasonal variations in wind directions. The W, NE and SE sides undergo constant erosion, deposition and both erosion and deposition, respectively. The results of long-term monitoring of a pyramid dune show that southerly winds, resulting from a local circulation, markedly affect the transverse migration of the whole pyramid dune. 相似文献
13.
In two-dimensions, a fracture network consist of a system of branches and nodes that can be used to define both geometrical features, such as length and orientation, and the relationship between elements of the network – topology. Branch lengths are preferred to trace lengths as they can be uniquely defined, have less censoring and are more clustered around a mean value. Many important properties of networks are more related to topology than geometry.The proportions of isolated (I), abutting (Y) and crossing (X) nodes provide a basis for describing the topology that can be easily applied, even with limited access to the network as a whole. Node counting also provides an unbiased estimate of frequency and can be used in conjunction with fracture intensity to estimate the characteristic length and dimensionless intensity of the fractures. The nodes can be used to classify branches into three types – those with two I-nodes, one I-node and no I-nodes (or two connected nodes). The average number of connections per branch provides a measure of connectivity that is almost completely independent of the topology. We briefly discuss the extension of topological concepts to 3-dimensions. 相似文献
14.
渤南地区郯庐断裂带具有很好的油气勘探前景,但由于其构造特征复杂,目前对渤南地区油气成藏条件、主控因素及富集规律的认识尚不明晰.通过对三维地震和地质资料的分析解释,结合前人研究成果,探讨了渤南地区郯庐断裂带构造特征的时空差异及其对盆地结构的控制作用.研究表明,渤南地区郯庐断裂带具有3组分支断裂,每组分支断裂由2~4条断裂构成,均表现出了明显的走滑特征,整体由东向西、由深至浅走滑程度逐渐减弱.新生代古新世-早始新世郯庐断裂带渤南段左旋走滑,东部分带活动明显、强度大,中带和西带不活动或活动较弱,渤南地区中生代发育的NWW向伸展断裂系统复活,形成北断南超的复式半地堑或南北双断式结构;中始新世以来,渤南地区郯庐断裂带转为右旋走滑,3组分支断裂均开始活动,表现为强烈的走滑兼伸展运动,强度由东向西逐渐减弱,中带分支断裂形成的中央构造脊将黄河口凹陷分割成东、西两个次洼,并开始逐渐发育一系列次级断层,与主断裂构成帚状断裂组合;新近纪-第四纪郯庐断裂渤南段表现为右旋走滑兼挤压,主走滑断裂不连续,代之以大量规模较小的次级断裂系统.太平洋区板块俯冲方向、俯冲速率的变化以及深部动力背景的变迁共同造成了渤南地区郯庐断裂不同分支构造发育演化及其控盆作用的差异性,由于右旋走滑位移量小于先期的左旋走滑,现今渤南地区构造单元分布仍具左旋特征. 相似文献
15.
惠州抽水蓄能电站高压钢筋混凝土岔管,PD值超过6 000,且结构体形复杂,水文地质和工程地质条件复杂,是工程设计的重点和难点。基于透水隧洞设计理论,分别计算了岔管施工期开挖围岩地应力场,高压岔管充水运行期的稳定渗流场、混凝土衬砌的应力应变及围岩稳定,高压岔管放空检修期混凝土衬砌的应力、应变,给出了高压岔管的配筋。 相似文献
16.
青藏铁路透壁通风管通风路基模型试验及初始温度场特征 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
通风路基作为一种积极主动保护冻土路基的冷却调控技术能有效的抬升多年冻土上限, 保护冻土路基的稳定性. 目前实体试验工程通风路基一般采用路基内预埋实体混凝土管或PVC管, 管壁不能透风, 管壁与土体间主要通过热传导进行换热. 一种管壁开孔、可以透风的新型通风管--"透壁通风管"既能以管内空气间的对流带走管内热量; 因其管壁透风, 低温的冷空气可以透过管壁的大孔眼穿透到通风管周围的介质中, 直接与其进行热交换, 从而改善传统通风管换热模式. 为探索透壁通风管在青藏铁路路基中的实际温控效果而进行了青藏铁路透壁通风管路基现场试验, 试验路基短期监测资料的分析结果显示, 透壁通风管对青藏铁路路基具有良好的冷却能力, 可在一定程度上抬升冻土上限; 透壁通风管路基经填土级配优化重组后更能充分发挥其路基冷却效果 相似文献
17.
多支盘水泥土桩的非线性有限元分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
梁昌俊 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(6):116-119
本文用Ansys分析了多支盘水泥土桩复合地基中的桩体应力、桩间土应力和位移,总结了多支盘水泥土桩的承载特性:设置多支盘,承载力增加约40%,桩侧受力约占90%,第一个支盘受力最大,承载力随盘数、盘径、盘距、桩体弹性模量等产生变化。并分析了多支盘桩的弹性模量、盘数、盘径对复合地基变形的影响。 相似文献
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19.
Anja Sommerfeld Kerstin Prömmel Ulrich Cubasch 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,105(6):1779-1794
Several proxy data indicate an aridification of the East African climate during the Neogene, which might be influenced by the orographic changes of the East African Rift System (EARS) induced by tectonic forcing during the last 20 million years. To investigate the impact of the orography and especially of the rifts, the regional climate model CCLM is used, covering the EARS with Lake Victoria in the centre of the model domain. CCLM is driven by the ERA-Interim reanalysis and applied with a double-nesting method resulting in a very high spatial resolution of 7 km. The resolution clearly shows the shoulders and rifts of the western and eastern branch of the EARS and the Rwenzoris within the western branch. To analyse the orographic influence on climate, a new technique of modifying the orography is used in this sensitivity study. The shoulders of the branches are lowered and the rifts are elevated, resulting in a smoothed orography structure with less altitude difference between the shoulders and rifts. The changes in 2 m-temperature are very local and associated with the changes in the orography. The vertically integrated moisture transport is characterised by less vortices, and its zonal component is increased over the branches. The resulting amount of precipitation is mainly decreased west of the western branch and increased in the rift of the western branch. In the eastern branch, however, the changes in the amount of precipitation are not significant. The changes in the precipitation and temperature patterns lead to a shift of biomes towards a vegetation coverage characterised by more humid conditions in the northern part of the model domain and more arid conditions in the South. Thus, the aridification found in the proxy data can be attributed to the orographic changes of the rifts only in the northern model domain. 相似文献
20.
展布于黑龙江省敦密断裂带,具有分支性、分带性、线型展布特征,断裂带具有二个分支,为大和镇断裂带和七虎林断裂带,大和镇断裂带是敦密断裂带北延主要分支,七虎林断裂带是次要分支（叉）,二者控制的新生代含煤盆地具有良好找煤前景。 相似文献