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1.
对山西襄汾丁村文化遗址群内大柴剖面进行的磁性地层学研究表明,松山与布容的极性界线（M/B）出现在距剖面顶部45 m处;磁化率对比结果显示,此位置正好与S8上部对应.由这种极性和磁化率的对应结果可推断,下、中更新统（Q1/Q2）的地层分界也应在距剖面顶部45 m处的S8上部,而不是传统上认为的Q1/Q2的地层分界,在距剖面顶部80 m处.这种以古地磁学为基础的新的划分方案,对丁村遗址群的对比以及丁村遗址年代的最终确定都有重要的指示意义.根据其沉积环境和地层特征推断,采样部位下部的磁化率低值带应为水成黄土.而岩石磁学研究结果显示,磁铁矿、赤铁矿和热不稳定性磁赤铁矿是大柴剖面沉积物中主要的磁性矿物;磁铁矿和赤铁矿同为高温稳定性磁性载体. 相似文献
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Blake亚时及其形态学研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文对西宁黄土剖面古土壤层S1的721块定向样品进行了详细的岩石磁学和古地磁学研究,获得了Blake亚时转换过程中地球磁场变化特征较精确的记录。主要结果为:1.Blake亚时位于S1的中下部;与地球磁场方向和强度变化相联系的持续时间分别为3900a和5000a。2.Blake亚时转换过程中地球磁场主体变化特征是由6次快速倒转构成,每次快速倒转所经历的时间为百年的量级,虚地磁极（VGP）极移曲线沿美洲大陆移动,这意味着在此期间地球磁场可能仍以偶极子场为主。3.Blake亚时是一次不成功的极性转换。4.黄土高原西部黄土-古土壤序列的主要磁性矿物可能仍是磁铁矿,次生剩磁主要是粘滞剩磁,当加热温度达到300℃之后即可获得单一组分的特征剩磁。 相似文献
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通过测量黄土的磁化率 ,并结合传统的黄土地层学研究方法 ,对丁村旧石器文化遗址群中两个典型的剖面 ,即代表丁村旧石器中期文化的 10 0地点和代表丁村旧石器早期文化的 79:0 2地点文化层上部的黄土 -古土壤序列进行划分 ,并将其结果与位于丁村附近黄土塬上的敬村黄土剖面和典型洛川黄土剖面的地层和磁化率曲线进行对比。结果表明 ,丁村 10 0地点地层上部黄土 -古土壤序列为S0 ,L1,S1;而 79:0 2地点上部的黄土 -古土壤序列则包括S0 ,L1,S1,L2 ,S2 。因此 ,丁村 10 0地点文化层的年代大于S1的形成年代即 0 13MaB .P .,79:0 2地点文化层的年代大于S2 的轨道调谐年龄 ,即 0 2 4 7MaB .P 相似文献
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对易县台同场地不同钻孔应变仪观测资料进行研究,分析易县台四分量钻孔应变的可靠性及其体应变的相关性,再分析不同钻孔应变观测对特殊事件的响应。结果显示：(1)易县台四分量钻孔应变观测自检程度不高,需进行实地相对标定;进行相对标定时,选取差分值数据有利于提高数据信度;(2)将四分量钻孔应变的S1+S3、S2+S4与体应变进行相关性分析,S1+S3和体应变的皮尔森相关系数略高于S2+S4与体应变的相关系数;(3)对于特殊事件响应方面,体应变和四分量钻孔应变两组面应变受抽水干扰均为张性变化,变化量高于体应变,体应变和四分量钻孔应变的S1+S3的相关系数要高于体应变和S2+S4的皮尔森相关系数;对同震响应方面,不同钻孔应变的同震响应一致性较好,且相关系数与震级大小有关。 相似文献
6.
中国湖北宜昌王家湾剖面奥陶系顶部斑脱岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
湖北西部宜昌王家湾北剖面观音桥层底界之下0．39m处被定义为上奥陶统最后一个阶——赫南特阶的全球界线层型剖面和点位（GSSP）,但此颗“金钉子”却缺乏可信的同位素年代学数据．对王家湾北剖面观音桥层顶部斑脱岩的锆石进行了高精度离子探针（SHRIMPII）定年研究．结果表明,观音桥层顶部斑脱岩形成年龄为（443．2±1．6）Ma,也就是说,赫南特阶顶部即奥陶系／志留系界线处的同位素年龄应接近但略小于（443.2±1．6）Ma,此年龄与国际地层委员会公布的奥陶系／志留系界线年龄（443．7±1．5）Ma在误差范围内一致．因此,这一研究为赫南特阶和奥陶系／志留系界线的全球对比提供了可靠的年代学依据． 相似文献
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本文用无碰撞等离子体的CGL近似,讨论了地球磁层顶的Kelvin-Helmholtz（K-H）不稳定性问题。同可压缩MHD近似一样,CGL等离子体也存在下、上两个临界速度vc和vu。不稳定性仅当vc<0 cosα<u时才能激发,v0为磁鞘等离子体流速,α为v0和切向波矢kt间的夹角。在向阳面低纬区,时间增长率ε和空间增长率κ与可压缩MHD的相应值相近。当v0 cosα≥vu时,不稳定表面波转化为稳定的体波。各向异性对K-H不稳定性有显著影响。在近日点低纬处,若磁鞘各向异性参数S2接近水龙带不稳定性的阈值,很小的v0便能激发不稳定表面波。S2低于极小值S2min时,不稳定性不可能产生。所谓Overstability现象是不存在的。 相似文献
9.
仪器定向误差对地磁日变化记录 准确度的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于红山地磁台磁通门磁力仪GM4-2记录的日变化数据, 提出了一种减小仪器定向误差的方法, 即D要素磁轴零场漂移S0校正法. 首先基于零场漂移S0测量原理, 试制测量工具无磁旋转平台, 并对磁力仪GM4-2零场漂移S0值进行测量, 得出该值约为1024.7 nT; 然后在重新定向时对该数值进行误差校正; 最后将较正后的零场漂移S0值应用到理论日变化数据和定向后的实际日变化数据中. 结果表明, D要素磁轴零场漂移S0是产生定向误差的主要因素, 经过零场漂移S0校正后的日变化数据与理论日变化数据一致, 消除了由定向误差所造成的日变化畸变, 从而能更真实地反映地磁场变化. 相似文献
10.
应用超声波反射-透射法,在最高压力为1.0 GPa（室温）,最高温度为700℃（1.0 GPa）的条件下对新疆东准噶尔地区的卡拉麦里花岗岩带和野马泉岩体的典型花岗岩类岩石（碱长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和石英闪长岩）的纵波速度（VP）和横波速度（VS）进行了测量.结果显示,在常温、压力0.4~1.0 GPa条件下,东准噶尔地区花岗岩类岩石的VP和VS均随压力呈线性增加,说明在这个压力段岩石中的微裂隙已基本闭合.室温、1.0 GPa时花岗岩类岩石的VP是5.79~6.84 km·s-1,VS是3.26~3.85 km·s-1.依据压力与VP及压力与VS的线性关系,拟合得到常温常压下花岗岩类岩石的纵波和横波压力系数分别是0.1568~0.4078 km/（s·GPa）和0.0722~0.3271 km/（s·GPa）,VP0和VS0分别是5.62~6.47 km·s-1和3.15~3.75 km·s-1.恒压1.0 GPa、室温到700℃条件下,花岗岩类岩石的VP和VS均随温度的升高呈线性降低,温度系数分别为（-3.41~-4.96）×10-4 km/（s·℃）和（-0.88~-3.22）×10-4 km/（s·℃）.利用实验获得的花岗岩类岩石的VP0、VS0及温度系数和压力系数,结合东准噶尔地区的地热资料,建立了VP和VS随深度变化的剖面.将获得的VP和VS-深度剖面与该区地球物理探测结果对比,发现东准噶尔地区的碱长花岗岩、碱性花岗岩、二长花岗岩和部分花岗闪长岩的VP和VS与该区上地壳速度吻合很好,同时这几种岩石的平均泊松比也与上地壳泊松比一致,因此我们认为这几种类型的岩石是该区上地壳的重要组成部分.另外,石英闪长岩的VP和VS均符合中地壳的速度,可能为中地壳中的一种岩石. 相似文献
11.
In the loess plateau of China, the stratigraphical position of the Brunhes / Matuyama boundary was not found in loess unit L8 at Luochuan and Jixian as is commonly accepted. The interbedded palaeosols may be differentiated from the parent loess not only by their high magnetic susceptibility but also by their enhanced remanence properties. These contrasts mainly result from concentration changes of the inherited magnetic minerals, grain-size changes and authigenic formation of magnetic minerals, which are all linked to climate-controlled soil formation processes. 相似文献
12.
Different types of sedimentary rocks and magmatic rocks show significant variations in their boron isotopic composition, with d 11B values usually within the range of -40? 30塠1]. The boron content of the continental crust is approximately 10?0-6, with … 相似文献
13.
Numerical dating of loess is important for Quaternary studies. Recent progress in post-infrared infrared-stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) signals from potassium-rich feldspar has allowed successful dating of Chinese loess beyond the conventional dating limit based on quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signals. In this study we tested the multiple-aliquot regenerative-dose (MAR) pre-dose multiple-elevated-temperature post-IR IRSL (pMET-pIRIR) procedure on samples from the palaeosol S5 (∼480 ka) and S8 (∼780 ka) layers from the Luochuan and Jingbian sections, respectively. The results show that (1) compared to sensitivity-corrected signal (Lx/Tx), a higher saturation dose is observed for the sensitivity-uncorrected MET-pIRIR signals (Lx), suggesting that MAR is advantageous for dating old samples; (2) negligible fading component can be achieved using the pMET-pIRIR procedure; (3) for the sample from the top of palaeosol S5, De values (1360 + 226/-167 Gy) broadly consistent with expected De (1550 ± 72 Gy) can be obtained using the sensitivity-uncorrected 300 °C MET-pIRIR signal. Our study suggests that a De value of about 1800 Gy may be the maximum dating limit of Chinese loess using the MAR pMET-pIRIR procedure. 相似文献
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The occurrence of a grassy vegetation over the Chinese Loess Plateau since the last interglacier: the molecular fossil record 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
A series of allochthonous and autochthonous molecular fossils were identified from the Holocene paleosol (S0), Malan Loess and the top Lishi Loess (S1) in Jiuzhoutai loess profile in Lanzhou through the GC/MS analysis. The allochthonous molecules were transported into the
Plateau by the loess grains whilst the autochthonous molecules were related to the input of the local paleo-vegetation and
could be used to reconstruct the paleo-vegetation. The distribution of the autochthonous n-alkanes was discriminated from
the overlapping allochthonous homologues characterized by the CPI value of unity. The dominance of autochthonous C31
n-alkane implicates the occurrence of a grassy vegetation over the Loess Plateau since the last interglacier. The warmest period
of the Holocene, though dominated by grass, was additionally characterized by the relatively increased abundance of C27
n-alkane indicative of woody plants. The desert plants might occur during the last glacier. The molecular fossil record is
not contradictory with the recent phytolith data, denying the occurrence of a forest over the Plateau since the last interglacier.
These data from the loess molecular stratigraphy indicate the importance of the discrimination of the autochthonous molecules
from the allochthonous compounds. 相似文献
16.
A new version of the USLE‐MM for predicting bare plot soil loss at the Sparacia (South Italy) experimental site 
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下载免费PDF全文 Improving empirical prediction of plot soil erosion at the event temporal scale has both scientific and practical importance. In this investigation, 492 runoff and soil loss data from plots of different lengths, λ (11 ≤ λ ≤ 44 m), and steepness, s (14.9 ≤ s ≤ 26.0%), established at the Sparacia experimental station, in Sicily, South Italy, were used to derive a new version of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)‐MM model, by only assuming a value of one for the topographic length, L, and steepness, S, factors for λ = 22 m and s = 9%, respectively. An erosivity index equal to (QREI30)b1, QR and EI30 being the runoff coefficient and the event rainfall erosivity index, respectively, with b1 > 1 was found to be an appropriate choice for the Sparacia area. The specifically developed functions for L and S did not differ appreciably from other, more widely accepted relationships (maximum differences by a factor of 1.22 for L and 1.09 for S). The new version of the USLE‐MM performed particularly well for highly erosive events, because predicted soil loss differed by not more than a factor of 1.19 from the measured soil loss for measured values of more than 100 Mg ha?1. The choice of the relationships to predict topographic effects on plot soil loss should not represent a point of particular concern in the application of the USLE‐MM in other environments. However, tests of the empirical approach should be carried out in other experimental areas in an attempt to develop analytical tools, usable at the event temporal scale, reasonably simple and of wide validity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Rafael Maciel Peña Avto Goguitchaichvili Bernard Henry Leda Sánchez-Bettucci Juan Morales Bertha Aguilar Reyes Ana María Soler-Arechalde Manuel Calvo-Rathert 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2011,55(2):311-328
The paleosecular variation (PSV) and polarity transitions are two major features of the Earth’s magnetic field. Both PSV and
reversal studies are limited when age of studied units is poorly constrained. This is a case of Central and western Mexico
volcanics. Although many studies have been devoted to these crucial problems and more than 200 paleomagnetic directions are
available for the last 5 Ma, only few sites were dated directly. This paper presents new paleomagnetic results from seventeen
independent cooling units in the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field (MGVF) in western Mexico. Twelve sites are directly dated
by 40Ar/39Ar or K-Ar methods and span from 2.78 to 0.56 Ma. The characteristic paleodirections are successfully isolated for 15 lava
flows. The mean paleodirection (inclination I and declination D) obtained in this study is I = 28.8°, D = 354.9°, and Fisherian
statistical parameters are k = 28, α95 = 7.3°, N=15, which corresponds to the mean paleomagnetic pole position Plat = 83.9°, Plong = 321.6°, K = 34, A95 = 6.6°. The paleodirections obtained in present study compiled with those, previously reported from the MGVF, are practically
undistinguishable from the expected Plio-Quaternary paleodirections. The paleosecular variation is estimated through the study
of the scatter of the virtual geomagnetic poles giving SF = 15.9 with SU =21.0 and SL = 12.7 (upper and lower limits respectively). These values agree reasonably well with the recent statistical Models. The
oldest sites analyzed (the Santa Teresa and Cerro Alto) yield normal polarity magnetizations as expected for the cooling units
belonging to the Gauss geomagnetic Chron. The interesting feature of the record comes from lava flows dated at about 2.35
Ma with clearly defined normal directions. This may point out the possible existence of a normal polarity magnetization in
the Matuyama reversed Chron older than the Reunion and may be correlated to Halawa event interpreted as the Cryptochron C2r.2r-1.
Another important feature of the geomagnetic record obtained from the MGVF is the evidence of fully reversed geomagnetic field
within Bruhnes Chron, at about 0.56 Ma corresponding to the relative paleointensity minimum of global extent found in marine
sediments at about 590 ka. 相似文献
18.
The average velocity of shear waves in the top 30 m of soil, νL, has become the parameter used by many engineering design codes and most recently by published empirical-scaling equations to estimate the amplitudes of strong ground motion. Yet there are few studies to determine whether this is a meaningful parameter to use—and whether estimates that do use it are reliable. In 1995, the authors studied this problem and concluded that νL should not be used. We reported then that an older site characterization in terms of the soil site parameter proposed by Seed et al. [1], sL, worked better because it included a measure of the thickness of the soil layers to considerably greater depths. Our report, however, made no difference; numerous papers continued to be published based only on scaling in terms of νL, and worse, they also ignored the geological site conditions. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize that the average shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m of soil should not be the only site parameter used to scale strong-motion amplitudes. While the search continues for the more meaningful site parameters to use in empirical scaling of strong earthquake ground motion, it is better to use sL to describe the amplification of seismic waves by soil deposits near the surface. 相似文献
19.
V. G. Bakhmutov A. Yu. Kazanskii G. G. Matasova D. V. Glavatskii 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(6):864-884
The results of the rock magnetic and paleomagnetic studies for the Quaternary loess-sol deposits of Ukraine are reported. The magnetic properties of the rocks composing the sections in the Pre-Black-Sea Depression (Roksolany) and Volyn Upland (Boyanychi and Korshev) are compared. Based on the highly precise measurements by modern instruments, the primary magnetization component is isolated in the rocks and its polarity is reliably determined in both the loess and soil horizons. The position of the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary in the Roksolany section is determined at a depth of 46.6 m at the contact of the Lubenskii and Martonoshskii soil horizons. This is consistent with the present-day notions of the group of Ukrainian scientists about the Quaternary stratigraphy of the south of Ukraine and inconsistent with the previous results that placed this boundary at a depth of 34 m in loesses above the PK7 level. 相似文献
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斜坡动力响应特征与斜坡形态密切相关,若入射地震波主频接近斜坡卓越频率就会放大斜坡动力响应,甚至造成斜坡失稳。汶川地震对远离震中的黄土地区造成了较为严重的破坏,局部场地震害和地震动放大效应显著。选取汶川地震典型黄土斜坡场地,利用地形台阵流动观测和数值模拟计算相结合的方法,系统开展强震动作用下黄土斜坡场地动力响应特征研究。结果表明:坡顶卓越频率最小,其PGA放大系数甚至达到坡底的1.98,这种现象可能与斜坡高差和入射波波长之比密切相关,比值0.2时坡顶放大效应达到最大。随斜坡坡度增加,放大效应增强,坡顶反应谱卓越周期放大系数可达5,说明斜坡地形对强震地面运动有显著影响。数值计算结果与实际强震观测基本吻合,其结果对黄土地区建设工程抗震设防具有重要的科学与实际意义。 相似文献