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1.
珠江口盆地新生代碳酸盐岩形成地质条件 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
珠江口盆地新生代碳酸盐岩分布面积大,已发现我国海上最大生物礁油田,具有重要研究价值。本文根据南海新生代构造演化及珠江口盆地新生代构造沉积演化,研究碳酸盐岩形成地质条件。发现南海新生代碳酸盐岩分布与新生代古南海消亡及新南海扩张密切相关,适宜碳酸盐岩发育的窗口期正是新南海扩张期,明显受新南海扩张的控制。新南海在渐新世—中新世的两期扩张,与新特提斯弧后扩张有关。珠江口盆地发育两种类型的碳酸盐台地,即古隆起镶边碳酸盐台地和火山建隆孤立碳酸盐台地。古隆起或火山建隆分布、构造沉降及全球海平面升降是珠江口盆地碳酸盐岩及生物礁发育的主控因素。 相似文献
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通过对南海西沙石岛已完钻的科学探井——西科1井进行岩性组合特征、元素地球化学、TEX86等多种指标分析,尝试恢复了西沙地区中新世以来海平面变化,讨论了碳酸盐岩台地形成发育的控制因素。发现受控于南海区域性构造事件及全球海平面变化的双重影响,西沙地区海平面呈现早中新世高—中中新世低—晚中新世到上新世高—第四纪低的变化趋势,海水温度从早中新世到上新世呈整体下降趋势。岩性组合特征揭示,西沙地区碳酸盐岩台地在早中新世开始发育,到中中新世逐渐繁盛,在中中新世末达到顶峰,形成了包含潟湖相在内的大型礁盘;在晚中新世—上新世由于海平面快速上升以及海水温度下降而逐渐衰退淹没,到第四纪进一步持续萎缩。研究发现,西沙地区在早中新世和晚中新世—上新世,出现2次较强的白云岩化作用,与海平面下降造成碳酸盐岩台地暴露剥蚀直接相关。西科1井揭示的碳酸盐岩台地的发育演化过程是南海新生代碳酸盐岩台地繁荣与消亡的代表,是南海新生代构造演化与全球气候变迁相互作用的综合结果。 相似文献
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南海新生代碳酸盐台地分布面积广、厚度巨大,但大部分已经淹没,成为淹没碳酸盐台地,它们孕育着南海海盆演变的
重要信息.南海碳酸盐台地伴随着南海陆缘张裂而发育,最初主要发育在两个共轭陆缘伸展地块的构造高地.南海经历了大陆
边缘伸展、岩石圈减薄和地幔剥露等过程,始新世到早渐新世的第二期NE-SW 向扩张,形成了破裂不整合面,随之发生了晚
渐新世至早中新世的海底扩张,形成中央海盆.构造沉降提供了台地生长的可容纳空间,构造掀斜作用、断裂作用和前陆盆地
前沿挤压褶皱的迁移控制了台地各单元厚度、沉积相和地震反射终止特征在横向上的变化,构造控制的相对海平面的变化控
制了不同级序生物礁碳酸盐台地的沉积旋回,而后期加速沉降导致碳酸盐台地淹没. 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2021,40(2)
通过礼乐盆地构造-地层-沉积分析,查明了其构造演化及沉积充填特征,揭示了其与南海扩张事件的成因联系,为南海边缘海演化研究提供了参考。研究结果表明:礼乐盆地新生代构造-沉积演化经历了3个差异显著的阶段,即古新世-早渐新世陆缘裂陷-滨浅海碎屑岩沉积阶段、晚渐新世-早中新世裂离漂移-浅海碳酸盐岩沉积阶段、中中新世以来周缘前陆挠曲沉降-区域差异沉积阶段。古新世-早渐新世,古南海向东南俯冲,华南古陆陆缘因水平引张力作用发生被动裂陷,形成礼乐盆地;此时以滨浅海环境为主,受碎屑物源供给控制,在盆地西北部发育一系列规模相对较大的辫状河三角洲,礼乐盆地东部、南部邻近古南海,仅在孤立隆起边缘发育规模较小的扇三角洲。晚渐新世-早中新世,古南海持续俯冲,新南海扩张,礼乐-巴拉望地块裂离华南古陆,向南漂移,盆地沉降缓慢,断层活动弱;此时以浅海-半深海环境为主,碎屑物源匮乏,盆地北部发育大型碳酸盐岩台地和生物礁,南部总体为半深海环境。中中新世以来,新南海扩张停止,礼乐-巴拉望地块向菲律宾岛弧俯冲碰撞,礼乐盆地进入周缘前陆期,以非对称挠曲沉降为特点,水深增大,断层活动增强;此时以半深海-浅海为主,盆地北部总体以碳酸盐岩台地和生物礁为特色,盆地南部局部发育深水重力流沉积。礼乐盆地构造-沉积演化与古南海俯冲-消亡、新南海扩张-关闭过程密切相关。 相似文献
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桂西北天峨碳酸盐岩台地形成于早泥盆世晚期,于早三叠世末最终消亡,长期被深水海槽盆地所围限。晚古生代其是右江盆地北缘一个长期持续发育的孤立碳酸盐岩台地,地层沉积特征主要受基底沉降、海平面波动和盆地内生碳酸盐沉积速率的控制,可划分为孤立台地和斜坡—盆地两大相区,共识别出局限台地相、半局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘相、台地前缘斜坡相和盆地相6种沉积相类型。各时期岩相古地理之间具有明显的继承性和发展性,并建立相应的沉积地层序列及孤立台地沉积模式。天峨碳酸盐岩台地的发展演化可划分为孤立台地孕育阶段(D31—D2)、孤立台地成型阶段(D3)、孤立台地持续发展阶段(C1—P2)和孤立台地收缩淹没阶段(P3—T1)4大演化阶段,与右江裂谷盆地(D31—D3)—被动大陆边缘构造演化阶段(C1—T1)的进程相对应,反映了右江盆地晚古生代剧烈扩张、沉降,扬子台地边缘拉伸、破裂,微地块向盆地内部滑移的构造背景。 相似文献
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中国西部三大盆地海相碳酸盐岩台地边缘类型及特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
在回顾经典的碳酸盐沉积模式类型研究和我国学者对碳酸盐岩台地边缘特征研究的基础上,以构造控盆、盆地控相、相控生储盖组合为指导思想,依据中国西部三大海相盆地碳酸盐岩发育的特殊性,从中国西部三大盆地海相碳酸盐岩发育特征和地质实际情况出发,系统建立了5种碳酸盐岩台地边缘类型及沉积模式和12种亚类类型。以中国西部三大盆地不同时期发育的碳酸盐沉积特征为主线,从盆地构造演化、岩性特征、相带变化以及模式演化等方面详细分析了各个碳酸盐岩台地边缘类型及沉积模式特征。不同类型台地边缘及其沉积模式演化特征研究对分析生烃、储烃和盖烃物质等油气要素的时间和空间匹配关系具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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桂西北天峨碳酸盐岩台地形成于早泥盆世晚期,于早三叠世末最终消亡,长期被深水海槽盆地所围限。晚古生代其是右江盆地北缘一个长期持续发育的孤立碳酸盐岩台地,地层沉积特征主要受基底沉降、海平面波动和盆地内生碳酸盐沉积速率的控制,可划分为孤立台地和斜坡—盆地两大相区,共识别出局限台地相、半局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘相、台地前缘斜坡相和盆地相6种沉积相类型。各时期岩相古地理之间具有明显的继承性和发展性,并建立相应的沉积地层序列及孤立台地沉积模式。天峨碳酸盐岩台地的发展演化可划分为孤立台地孕育阶段(D31— D2)、孤立台地成型阶段(D3)、孤立台地持续发展阶段(C1—P2)和孤立台地收缩淹没阶段(P3—T1) 4大演化阶段,与右江裂谷盆地（D31—D3）—被动大陆边缘构造演化阶段（C1—T1）的进程相对应,反映了右江盆地晚古生代剧烈扩张、沉降,扬子台地边缘拉伸、破裂,微地块向盆地内部滑移的构造背景。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳酸盐岩台地的层序结构演化及其对盆地过程的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔里木盆地奥陶纪的碳酸盐岩台地发育有长达3千余千米的台地边缘带。通过综合大量的地震、钻井及野外剖面的分析,奥陶纪碳酸盐岩系中识别出4个以不整合面为界的复合（二级）层序。它们均显示出从上超的水进沉积到进积或加积的高位域的沉积结构。其内可进一步划分出10个沉积层序或三级层序。它们的组合和分布决定着碳酸盐台地沉积层序结构的基本特征。沉积层序的水进早期或高位域晚期以颗粒灰岩、生物灰岩等沉积相组合为主;而水进期或高位域早期则以泥晶-粉晶灰岩、簿层白云质灰岩等沉积相组合为主。古地貌恢复并结合钻井资料的沉积相分析揭示出,盆地东北部早、中奥陶世的碳酸盐岩台地边缘的分布受到满加尔深水凹陷的边缘斜坡带古构造地貌的控制,形成一向西凸的弧形碳酸盐岩台地边缘带,沿台地边缘发育有礁-滩沉积复合体。中奥陶世的构造古地理变革使盆内的碳酸盐岩台地分异成塔中、塔北、塘南等多个孤立台地,并由深水、半深水的凹陷所分隔。台地边缘的发育和分布常受古隆起边缘的控制。沿台地边缘的礁、滩相带为重要的有利储集层发育带。中奥陶统中央隆起带缺失中奥陶世早期和晚奥陶世早期沉积,并形成了大范围分布的喀斯特岩溶不整合面。喀斯特岩溶体系以发育垂向的、由断裂控制的串珠状洞穴和多层状分布的岩溶洞穴为特征。 跨盆地不同构造带的井-震结合解释剖面的追踪对比表明,盆内与二级、三级层序对应的海进-海退旋回是同时变化的,并与Haq的海平面变化曲线可对比。这反映出盆地范围的或全球海平面变化对沉积旋回结构的发育具有控制作用。盆地西缘露头剖面和盆内钻井岩心的碳、氧同位素分析也为海平面变化的旋回结构分析提供了制约。主要海平面下降期的氧同位素δ18O都发生了明显的正偏。盆内晚奥陶世的海平面总体是呈上升趋势的,晚奥陶世中期海平面的上升导致了盆内碳酸盐岩台地的总体淹没。 相似文献
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以国内外各盆地的碳酸盐岩台地实例为出发点,基于前人研究基础,将碳酸盐岩台地分为镶边大陆架型、陆架内台地和孤立台地。前者的碳酸盐一般沉积在台地边缘,后者台地向海一侧可以过渡到碳酸盐岩海相沉积,被动大陆边缘的孤立台地,碳酸盐岩台地相一般发育在碎屑岩、蒸发岩以及底部浅滩火山之上。另外,碳酸盐台地的形成受多种构造因素控制,而拉伸作用形成下的台地又可以根据运动学分为基底断块台地、旋转断块台地、生长断块台地。另外,小克拉通构造活动以及古地形地貌对于台地的发育也有重要的影响。源储组合可以分为常规组合、侧变型组合、顶生型组合、自生、自储、自盖型组合等。 相似文献
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LI Lin WANG Bin YANG Taotao YANG Zhili LI Li LU Yintao WANG Xuefeng WU Jingwu SUN Guozhong 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(1):142-152
Newly-acquired seismic data reveal widespread carbonate deposits covering a large part of the northwestern South China Sea margin.Three carbonate platforms are identified to have developed on the topographic highs inherited from tectonic deformation and volcanic accretion.Across the carbonate platforms,the Miocene strata are characterized by high-amplitude seismic reflections and distinct platform architecture that overlaps older strata.The Guangle and Xisha carbonate platforms grew on faulted blocks due to South China Sea continental rifting,while the Zhongjian carbonate platform developed on a structural high induced by early Miocene volcanism.During the late Miocene,partial drowning resulted in the inhibition of platform growth,eventual platform drowning and termination of most carbonate deposition.The drowning of the Guangle and Zhongjian carbonate platforms is shown by the supply of siliciclastic sediments during the late Miocene and seems to be closely linked to late Neogene volcanic activity,whilst the drowning of the Xisha carbonate platform is primarily related to relative eustatic changes.Our results imply that tectonic activity,volcanism and eustasy are the dominant controls on the evolution of carbonate platforms on the northwestern margin of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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Ma Yubo Wu Shiguo Lv Fuliang Dong Dongdong Sun Qiliang Lu Yintao Gu Mingfeng 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(3):770-783
The Xisha carbonate platforms, which include the modern-day Xisha Atoll, occur upon the northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS). In this study, we identify the seismic characteristics about various sedimentary facies of the carbonate platform and different types of reef in this area, based on the 2-D seismic data, reefs show high-amplitue moundy continuous reflection at the top and weak chaotic reflections inside. Carbonate platforms show high-amplitude continuous reflection at the top and high reflection alternative with weak reflection. The above analysis provided information about the influence of fluctuations in relative sea level, tectonic movements, paleotopography and the development mechanism of the carbonate platform. Based on the seismic data and data from drillholes (Xichen-1, Xiyong-1), we propose a schematic sedimentary model of the Xisha carbonate platforms at the northern margin of the SCS and outline five stages of development for the carbonate platform. Its sedimentary evolution consists of Initial establishment stage, development stage, exposure stage, drowning stage and large atoll reefs development stage. We also propose that several phases tectonisms supply proper environment and structural position for carbonate platform development, they can also destroyed the exist platforms. Besides, eustasy change was also the main influential factor on the development of the platforms. 相似文献
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生物礁及碳酸盐台地是南海南部重要的油气储层之一,但目前对万安盆地生物礁的识别及碳酸盐台地沉积相带的划分尚不够深入.基于钻井和地震数据对该区的生物礁及碳酸盐台地进行了精细刻画,万安盆地中生物礁及碳酸盐台地的发育可分为4个演化阶段:早中新世时期,碳酸盐台地初始发育,台地规模小、数量少,零星分布于盆地中部;中中新世台地发育进入繁盛阶段,主要分布于北部隆起、中部隆起及隆起周缘的斜坡之上,横向上呈东、西带状展布,此时期的生物礁以台地边缘礁和块状礁为主;至晚中新世时期,碳酸盐台地开始衰退,而生物礁类型全、数量多,包括台地边缘礁、块状礁、塔礁、点礁等;上新世以来,生物礁及碳酸盐台地全面被淹没,盆地内部不再有生物礁及碳酸盐台地的发育.构造作用和相对海平面变化控制了碳酸盐台地的发育演化过程,古近纪基底断裂产生的地形控制了生物礁及碳酸盐台地初始发育位置及后期发育的空间分布,晚中新世以来的快速沉降和相对海平面变化控制了台地的衰退及淹没过程. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The world's modern warm-water carbonate platforms are large-scale topographic features. This paper shows that the distribution of platform depths is systematic. The depths to the seafloor of most isolated banks and continent-attached platforms, and the depths to the lagoon floors of most atolls, are all less than 70 m below present sea-level, so that there is a 0–70 m 'depth window'. The depth distribution reflects the platforms' evolution and its controls. The relation of this distribution to Quaternary sea-level fluctuations and sedimentary dynamics sheds light on these controls. 相似文献
15.
缺氧条件是形成和保存优质烃源岩的重要条件。古氧相的研究对查明海相优质烃源岩时空分布、恢复地史时期古环境演化具有重要意义。泥盆纪时期,南华海受陆内裂陷作用影响,形成台地(滨岸台地和孤立台地)与台沟间列的盆地格局。不同的控制因素控制了古氧相的类型。在台沟和钦防裂陷海槽中,海水分层控制了泥盆纪的古氧相类型和变化。台沟和钦防裂陷海槽以厌氧相与准厌氧相为主。在台地相区,海平面变化控制了古氧相的类型和分布。台地相区的古氧相主要是常氧相和贫氧相。南华海中、晚泥盆世硅质沉积、磷质沉积发育,有机质丰富,形成了有机质-硅质-磷质沉积三位一体的特征,指示上升流作用明显。南华海地区泥盆纪位于赤道附近的信风带,向西的表面洋流越过南华海在西部形成离岸流,海底海水向东补充形成上升的底流,也说明了泥盆纪南华海上升流存在的可能性。 相似文献
16.
Miocene carbonate platforms cover a large part of the Central Vietnamese South China Sea margin. Early carbonate deposition took place on two regional platforms separated by a narrow depression developed along the trace of the East Vietnam Boundary Fault Zone. West of the East Vietnam Boundary Fault Zone, the Tuy Hoa Carbonate Platform fringes the continental margin between Da Nang and Nha Trang. Here, platform growth initiated during the Early Miocene and continued until Middle Miocene time when regional uplift led to subaerial exposure, termination of platform growth and karstification. East of the fault zone, the Triton Carbonate Platform was also initiated during the Early Miocene. Carbonate growth thrived during Early and part of Middle Miocene time and a thick, clean Lower and Middle Miocene carbonate succession cover the Triton Horst and the Qui Nhon Ridge. During the Middle Miocene, partial drowning resulted in the split-up of the Triton Carbonate Platform. Repeated partial drowning events throughout the Middle and Late Miocene resulted in westwards retreat of platform growth and eventual platform drowning and termination of carbonate deposition. Modern carbonate growth continues on isolated platforms hosting the Paracel Islands farther seawards. The onset of widespread carbonate deposition largely reflects the Early Miocene transgression of the area linked with early post-rift subsidence and the opening of the South China Sea. The mid-Neogene shift in carbonate deposition is interpreted as a consequence of regional uplift and denudation of central and south Indochina starting during Middle Miocene time when the Tuy Hoa Carbonate Platform became subaerially exposed. Stressed carbonate growth conditions on the Triton Carbonate Platform probably resulted from increased inorganic nutrient input derived from the uplifted mainland, possibly enhanced by deteriorated climatic conditions and rapid sea-level fluctuations promoting platform drowning. 相似文献
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This study investigates the evolution of the Miocene Guangle carbonate platform(or Triton Horst)of the northwestern South China Sea margin.The platform is located at a junction area surrounded by Yinggehai basin,Qiongdongnan basin and Zhongjiannan basin.Well and regional geophysical data allow the identification of the morphologic and stratigraphic patterns.The Guangle carbonate platform was initiated on a tectonic uplift during the Early Miocene.The early platform was limited at Mesozoic granitic basement,pre-Paleogene sediments localized tectonic uplift and was small extension at the beginning stage.While during the Middle Miocene,the carbonate buildup flourished,and grow a thrived and thick carbonate succession overlining the whole Guangle Uplift.The isolated platforms then united afterward and covered an extensive area of several tens of thousands of square kilometers.However,it terminated in the Late Miocene.What are the control factors on the initiation,growth and demise of the Guangle carbonate platform?The onset of widespread carbonate deposits largely reflected the Early Miocene transgression linked with early post-rift subsidence and the opening of the South China Sea.Stressed carbonate growth conditions on the Guangle carbonate platform probably resulted from increased inorganic nutrient input derived from the adjacent uplifted mainland,possibly enhanced by deteriorated climatic conditions promoting platform drowning.Therefore,tectonics and terrigenous input could be two main controlling factors on the development of the Guangle carbonate platforms and main evolution stages. 相似文献
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A stratigraphic model for carbonate platform evolution in the Dolomites during the late Ladinian-early Carnian is presented. New light on pre-Raibl growth of individual carbonate platforms of the western Dolomites was shed by biostratigraphic data combined with a revised lithostratigraphy. At the Schlern, Langkofel and Sella, the carbonate factory (Upper Schlern Dolomite) remained productive into the lowermost Carnian (Cordevolian = Aon Zone), and caused a levelling-out of the former steep platform-to-basin relief. In the eastern Dolomites, platforms were producing till basal Julian 2 (Austriacum Zone). At the Sella and Langkofel, the sedimentation pattern after deposition of the Upper Schlern Dolomite was strongly influenced by synsedimentary tectonics. A first phase of extensional tectonics led to local fissures, block-tilting, graben structures and breccia deposits. Composition and fabric of the reworked clasts argue for local-source sediments and short transport distances. The extensional structures are sealed by sediments of Lower Carnian age. Two facies belts (Schlernplateau beds and Dürrenstein Dolomite), which interfinger at the western side of the Sella, reflect the shallow marine environment with terrigenous-volcanoclastic input in the western Dolomites. A second generation of breccias at the Sella documents local fracturing of the Dürrenstein and Upper Schlern Dolomite. Depositional environments across the western and eastern Dolomites were largely dependent on differential subsidence. The sediments of early Carnian age on top of the Schlern platform are a few metres thick only, whereas, in the eastern Dolomite, up to 400-m-thick carbonate sediments ('Richthofen reef' and Settsass platform) were deposited. The most incomplete stratigraphic record is present at the Mendel platform in the west, where Ladinian volcanics are unconformably overlain by late Carnian 'Raibl beds'. The increase in sediment thickness towards the eastern Dolomites becomes partly visible at the eastern flank of the Sella platform. Differential subsidence across western and eastern Dolomites caused local fracturing of platform sediments. Synsedimentary extensional tectonics was a significant controlling factor to the lithofacies and thickness variations of early Carnian platform sediments in the Dolomites. 相似文献