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1.
近海风电场水下打桩辐射噪声特性测量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对滨海海上风电场一次完整的打桩过程不同水深处环境噪声进行监测和分析。结果表明:打桩过程水下辐射噪声脉冲信号,在所研究海域附近环境噪声级由原来打桩前的130 d B左右瞬间增加约20~50 d B,20~20 000 Hz频段,打桩噪声谱级高于工程前该海域背景环境噪声谱级约30~65 d B,100~1 000 Hz频率打桩辐射噪声谱级出现多个峰值,不同水深谱级最高峰值频率为200 Hz。根据打桩水下辐射噪声监测结果和浅海Marsh和Schulkin半经验公式,计算打桩辐射噪声声源级(距声源中心1 m处)为210.2 d B(参考声压1μPa)。为水下打桩辐射噪声的深入研究提供了基础数据,分析结果可供海洋环境和海洋生物保护研究参考。 相似文献
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通过测定水下打桩和船舶噪声,利用Matlab软件对两类典型海洋噪声的时-频统计特性进行分析,结合斑海豹听阈和发声频域特性,分析水下打桩和船舶噪声对斑海豹的影响.结果表明:水下打桩及船舶噪声的主要能量分布频段(0～4.0 kHz)与斑海豹听阈敏感频段(0.1～ 100.0 kHz)及发声频段(0.4 ～ 1.5 kHz)相重叠;水下打桩噪声所产生的强噪声声源级(206 dB)会高于斑海豹可忍受的最高声源级(190 dB).由此推断,两类噪声会对斑海豹的生境产生严重干扰,轻者可能导致斑海豹的习性改变及感知和交流能力减弱,重者则会造成斑海豹的听阈丧失.本研究为斑海豹的声学保护提供声学参数依据,并为进一步深入研究提供参考. 相似文献
3.
近海海上风电场水下噪声传播模型适用性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过现场采集近海海上风电场工程区运营期风机水下噪声和背景噪声数据,计算了噪声信号的倍频带声压级,功率谱级和峰值声压级,确定了海上风电场水下噪声总声源级为148.3 d B,以此开展近海海上风电工程风机水下噪声频域特性、功率密度谱特性等研究。在此基础上使用Kraken简正波模型和Bellhop射线模型对风电场运营期风机水下噪声在水平与垂直方向上的传播进行模拟,模拟了噪声在不同频带内的衰减程度,结果显示模型模拟结果在不同频率下的衰减趋势有着很大差异,产生了明显的多途干涉现象,通过实测数据对建立的噪声传播模型进行验证,发现Kraken简正波模型在500 Hz以下,Bellhop射线模型在500 Hz以上适合模拟实际水下噪声传播情形,同时海区本身背景噪声的存在会对预测的准确性产生影响。这些结论可用于进一步对近海海上风电场水下噪声传播的研究。 相似文献
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为了解水下强噪声对大黄鱼的影响,结合行为学方法开展了3个年龄的大黄鱼声刺激实验．结果发现：3个年龄的大黄鱼在水中声压约10Pa时均能对声波发生条件反应,但是,它们的声波敏感频率和直接致死的声压阈值差异较大;1个月幼苗和8个月小鱼的声波敏感频率分别为800Hz和600Hz,直接致死的声压阈值约为40Pa和4kPa．13个月大鱼的声波敏感频率也在600Hz,但当声压达到4kPa时,鱼群受惊吓明显,且未能直接致死．另外,这些曾经暴露在强声波中的各年龄段的大黄鱼在随后48h里较多出现相继死亡的现象．表明这些长时间暴露在水下噪声中的大黄鱼可能会因累积效应引起行为模式改变和间接致死等慢性危害． 相似文献
6.
《应用海洋学学报》2014,(1)
为了解水下强噪声对大黄鱼的影响,结合行为学方法开展了3个年龄的大黄鱼声刺激实验.结果发现:3个年龄的大黄鱼在水中声压约10 Pa时均能对声波发生条件反应,但是,它们的声波敏感频率和直接致死的声压阈值差异较大;1个月幼苗和8个月小鱼的声波敏感频率分别为800 Hz和600 Hz,直接致死的声压阈值约为40 Pa和4 kPa.13个月大鱼的声波敏感频率也在600 Hz,但当声压达到4 kPa时,鱼群受惊吓明显,且未能直接致死.另外,这些曾经暴露在强声波中的各年龄段的大黄鱼在随后48 h里较多出现相继死亡的现象.表明这些长时间暴露在水下噪声中的大黄鱼可能会因累积效应引起行为模式改变和间接致死等慢性危害. 相似文献
7.
在南黄海某一典型的砂质海底区域,采用全向性声源和全向性接收水听器开展了频率范围为6-24 kHz的海底反向声散射测量。测量结果表明,在避免海面散射干扰并满足远场条件的情况下,本次实验获得了掠射角范围为18~80°的海底反向声散射强度,其数值为-41.1~24.4 dB。在有效掠射角范围内,声散射强度总体上随掠射角的增大呈现出增大趋势,但对于不同的频率,其变化趋势有所不同,反映出不同的散射机理。在20°、40°和60°掠射角处,在6-24 kHz的频率范围内反向声散射强度总体上呈现出正相关的频率依赖性,其线性相关斜率分别为0.2229 dB/kHz、0.5130 dB/kHz、0.1746 dB/kHz。在最大掠射角80°处,反向声散射强度未呈现出明显的频率相关性。 相似文献
8.
简要介绍了液电效应及等离子体声源的一些基本情况,并根据实验采集到的不同等离子声源数据,选取了其中 2 组进行分析。对实验采集到的等离子声源单次脉冲声信号和脉冲串声信号进行了时域信号分析,通过 MATLAB 软件计算了信号在不同时刻的能量幅值。随后,在频域对信号进行频谱分析,通过 FFT 变换分析了信号在频域范围内的能量分布。之后,对信号的功率谱进行了估计,用 PSD 算法分析了能量在不同频率上的分布信息,得出了等离子体声源信号频率范围广、低频能量大的结论。最后,结合等离子体声源信号频率及能量分布情况,对等离子体声源在水声领域的应用前景进行了分析。 相似文献
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海上风电是未来沿海各国海上能源开发的重点。我国海上风电正处于起步阶段,已建和规划中的风电场逐渐增多。国内对海上风电场环境影响研究,尤其是风机噪声对海洋生物的影响研究几近空白。文章总结了近年来国外海上风电场运营过程中水下噪声的基本概况,以及对海洋鱼类（游泳鱼类和底栖鱼类）、哺乳动物和底栖生物影响的研究成果。就我国未来海上风电场建设规划,提出海上风电场运营期风机噪声研究的不足及海洋生物听闽范围研究的缺乏,为我国制定海上风电项目环境影响评价规范提供科学参考,并指出水下噪声对我国海洋生物影响的研究方向。 相似文献
10.
当高强度周期性调制的光束或脉冲激光束入射到介质中时,通过光与物质的相互作用,部分光能转变为声能,从而在介质中形成声波,这一效应称为光声效应。在光声效应的基础上发展起来的光声光谱技术,已广泛用于物质结构的研究。 近十年来,人们对非密封的大范围介质空间中激光激发声波的现象进行了研究,特别是激光在液体中激发声波的现象引起了人们极大的兴趣。它有可能导致一种新的水下声源——激光声源。与传统的水下声源相比,激光声源有许多优点,例如,可以比较容 相似文献
11.
The high under-water sound pressure levels (SPLs) produced during pile driving to build offshore wind turbines may affect harbor porpoises. To estimate the discomfort threshold of pile driving sounds, a porpoise in a quiet pool was exposed to playbacks (46 strikes/min) at five SPLs (6 dB steps: 130–154 dB re 1 μPa). The spectrum of the impulsive sound resembled the spectrum of pile driving sound at tens of kilometers from the pile driving location in shallow water such as that found in the North Sea. The animal's behavior during test and baseline periods was compared. At and above a received broadband SPL of 136 dB re 1 μPa [zero-peak sound pressure level: 151 dB re 1 μPa; t90: 126 ms; sound exposure level of a single strike (SELss): 127 dB re 1 μPa2 s] the porpoise's respiration rate increased in response to the pile driving sounds. At higher levels, he also jumped out of the water more often. Wild porpoises are expected to move tens of kilometers away from offshore pile driving locations; response distances will vary with context, the sounds' source level, parameters influencing sound propagation, and background noise levels. 相似文献
12.
The Ieodo Ocean Research Station(IORS) is an integrated meteorological and oceanographic observation base which was constructed
on the Ieodo underwater rock located at a distance of about 150 km to the south-west of the Mara-do, the southernmost island
in Korea. The underwater ambient noise level observed at the IORS was similar to the results of the shallow water surrounding
the Korean Peninsula (Choi et al. 2003) and was higher than that of deep ocean (Wenz 1962). The wind dependence of ambient
noise was dominant at frequencies of a few kHz. The surface current dependence of ambient noise showed good correlation with
the ambient noise in the frequency of 10 kHz. Especially, the shrimp sound was estimated through investigations of waveform
and spectrum and its main acoustic energy was about 40 dB larger than ambient noise level at 5 kHz. 相似文献
13.
Underwater sounds near a fuel receiving facility in western Hong Kong: relevance to dolphins 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Western Hong Kong is home to two species of marine mammals: Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins (Sousa chinensis) and finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides). Both are threatened in many parts of their range in southeast Asia [for example, International Biological Research Institute Reports 9 (1997), 41; Asian Marine Biology 14 (1997) 111]. In 1998, when the new Hong Kong International Airport opened in western Hong Kong, small tankers (about 100 m long, cargo capacity about 6300 metric tons) began delivering fuel to the Aviation Fuel Receiving Facility (AFRF) just off Sha Chau Island, north of the airport. Calibrated sound recordings were taken over a 4-day period from a quiet, anchored boat at distances 80-2000 m from aviation fuel delivery activities at the AFRF. From the recordings, 143 sections were selected for analysis. Narrowband spectral densities on the sound pressures were computed, and one-third octave band levels were derived for center frequencies from 10 to 16,000 Hz. Broadband levels, viz. 10-20,000 Hz. were also computed. The results showed that the Sha Chau area is normally noisy underwater, with the lowest broadband levels measured corresponding to those expected during a storm at sea (sea state 6). This background noise is believed to come largely from heavy vessel traffic in the Urmston Road to the north and east of Sha Chau and from vessels in the Pearl River Estuary to the West. The sound levels from the AFRF tankers are comparable to the levels measured from similar- and smaller-sized supply vessels supporting offshore oil exploration. The strongest sounds recorded were from a tanker leaving the AFRF at distance 100 m from the hydrophone, for which the one-third octave band level at 100 Hz was 141 dB re 1 microPa (spectrum level 127 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz) and the 10-20,000 Hz broadband level was 146 dB. At distances of 100 m or more and frequencies above 300 Hz, the one-third octave band levels were less than 130 dB (spectrum level 111 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz) and decreased with increasing frequency and distance. At distances greater than about 500 m, AFRF-associated sounds were negligible, masked by the generally high noise level of the area and attenuated by poor transmission in the very shallow water (<10 m). Because it is believed that humpbacked dolphins and finless porpoises are not very sensitive to sounds below 300 Hz, the Airport Authority Hong Kong (AA) stipulated that dedicated terminal vessels not radiate underwater sounds at spectrum levels greater than 110 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz at frequencies above 300 Hz and distances greater than 300 m. The spectrum levels at 300 Hz and higher frequencies of sounds from the tankers arriving, departing, or off-loading at AFRF were less than 110 dB re 1 microPa2/Hz even at distances of 200 m or less. The AA stipulation was met. However, it is presently unknown whether the generally strong noise levels of western Hong Kong inhibit acoustically based feeding and communication, or result in increased stress or permanent shifts in hearing thresholds. 相似文献
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Depth dependence of noise resulting from ship traffic and wind 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Under conditions of distantly generated noise, the noise level is found to decrease with depth in the mid-northeastern Pacific. These data show a decrease in noise level greater than 25 dB between critical depth and the ocean bottom. A result of this decrease is that locally wind-generated noise can be detected on near-bottom receivers for wind speeds less than 10 kn. It is shown that the noise level generated form local sources such as wind and nearby shipping is almost independent of receiver depth. The differences in spectra shape between the distant shipping noise and wind-generated noise and the low noise levels detected near the ocean bottom allow the measurement in the frequency band at 200-500 Hz of local wind noise level for wind speeds less than 10 kn 相似文献
16.
A buoy for measuring wind speed and the ambient noise sound pressure level from 10 to 1500 Hz with 1-Hz resolution is described. The measurement buoy was deployed in a remote fjord in southeastern Alaska from October to December, 1989. The results from the data collected show that, for a wind speed of 5 kn, the measured ambient noise level at 900 Hz lies well below the Knudsen curve for open-ocean, wind-generated noise. As the wind speed increases from 5 to 10 kn, the measured ambient noise level approaches the Knudsen curve, increasing at 4 dB/kn compared to 1 dB/kn for the Knudsen curve. Above 10 kn, the measured ambient noise level matches the Knudsen curve 相似文献
17.
The underwater acoustic noise of five representative whale-watching boats used in the waters of west Maui was measured in order to study the effects of boat noise on humpback whales. The first set of measurements were performed on 9 and 10 March, close to the peak of the whale season. The ambient noise was relatively high with the major contribution from many chorusing humpback whales. Measurements of boat sounds were contaminated by this high ambient background noise. A second set of measurements was performed on 28 and 29 April, towards the end of the humpback whale season. In both sets of measurements, two of the boats were inflatables with outboard engines, two were larger coastal boats with twin inboard diesel engines and the fifth was a small water plane area twin hull (SWATH) ship with inter-island cruise capabilities. The inflatable boats with outboard engines produced very complex sounds with many bands of tonal-like components. The boats with inboard engines produced less intense sounds with fewer tonal bands. One-third octave band measurements of ambient noise measured on 9 March indicated a maximum sound pressure level of about 123 dB re 1 microPa at 315 Hz. The maximum sound pressure level of 127 dB at 315 Hz was measured for the SWATH ship. One of the boats with outboard engines produced sounds between 2 and 4 kHz that were about 8-10 dB greater than the level of background humpback whale sounds at the peak of the whale season. We concluded that it is unlikely that the levels of sounds produced by the boats in our study would have any grave effects on the auditory system of humpback whales. 相似文献