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三峡库区塌岸预测新方法——岸坡结构法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
水库塌岸是三峡库区重大地质灾害之一。通过三峡库区数百段库岸的塌岸地质现场调查和预测分析的基础上,提出了类似三峡这种山区河道型水库的塌岸预测新方法——岸坡结构法(RBSM),并给出了详细的图解方法和预测步骤。同时,开展了二滩、宝珠寺和龚咀三个运行中的类比水库和三峡水库(139m蓄水)的塌岸预测检验,验证结果表明该方法适宜于三峡水库以及类似的山区河道型水库塌岸预测,从而为水库塌岸预测与防治工程提供重要依据。 相似文献
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三峡库区云阳消落带土壤重金属形态及其在植物中的富集和转移 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
三峡大坝建成蓄水以来,其夏涨秋消的调度方式使得每年5-10月份在海拔145～175 m范围内形成291.1 km2的消落带.本文通过分析云阳消落带土壤重金属含量及其形态和重金属在消落带植物体根、茎、叶的分布,以及植物对重金属的生物富集和转移系数,来研究消落带重金属污染情况及重金属在土壤-植被的富集和转移规律.研究结果表明,云阳消落带存在较为严重的Cd污染,单因子污染指数为5.02,内梅罗综合污染指数为3.637;Cd和Cr主要是生物毒性不强残渣态;Cu形态主要是金属可交换态和碳酸盐结合态,生物毒性比较强;Mn的形态主要是铁锰结合态;Pb的形态分配比例均匀,生物毒性较弱.可交换态与转移系数极显著正相关,相关系数为0.981;有机及硫化物结合态与富集系数显著正相关,相关系数为0.905;铁锰结合态、碳酸盐结合态和残渣晶格结合态对富集和转移系数贡献都不大.三峡库区消落带重金属在植物体内的富集、转移主要由土壤中重金属可交换态和有机及硫化物结合态的性质决定. 相似文献
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三峡库区岸坡消落带是库岸边坡稳定性的敏感地带。库区内多次发生的地质灾害均与消落带的岩体劣化有关。随着时间的推移消落带的岩体劣化情况日益加剧,新生型滑坡不断涌现。本文通过实地调查与室内分析,系统总结了三峡库区秭归至巴东段岸坡消落带岩体劣化的类型以及新生型滑坡隐患的演化模式。研究表明,区内消落带岩性主要以碳酸盐岩类和碎屑岩类为主,碳酸盐岩类劣化类型主要有溶蚀(潜蚀)、裂缝显化与扩张和机械侵蚀,碎屑岩类的劣化类型主要有松动(剥落)、冲蚀(磨蚀)、结构面崩解块裂和软硬相间侵蚀,其中以松动/剥落型最为发育。在此基础上结合结构面发育特征、岸坡结构、岩性及结构和边界特征,厘定了不同岸坡消落带岩体劣化演化形成新生型滑坡隐患点的模式,碳酸岩盐类岸坡主要以基座碎裂压溃型、基座掏空倾倒型、顺向滑移型为主;碎屑岩类岸坡主要以软硬相间坍(崩)塌型、视倾向楔形滑动型、顺向滑移型及逆向倾倒型为主。研究结果可为三峡库区地质灾害监测预警及防治提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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三峡工程蓄水使得下游长江河道水温情势发生显著变化,并对下游生态环境产生重要影响。基于宜昌水文站14年的实测资料,采用纵向一维水温模型模拟分析了宜昌至监利300 km河道水温变化过程,探讨了不同蓄水期三峡工程下泄水温变化对坝下鱼类产卵场的影响程度。结果表明:①三峡工程蓄水后宜昌断面水温出现了平坦化及延迟现象,低温水和高温水效应明显;175 m蓄水期宜昌断面4月、12月,水温分别较蓄水前改变-4.3℃、3.7℃。②三峡工程的运行使得下游河道水气热交换量发生变化,但干流流量较大使得水温沿程恢复效果较弱;工程调蓄对坝下河段的影响占主导作用,三峡工程调蓄对监利断面4月、12月存在-3.2℃、3.0℃的温度影响。③三峡工程蓄水后,宜昌中华鲟产卵场冬季20.0℃的水温出现时间推迟1~4旬,监利四大家鱼产卵场春季18.0℃的水温出现时间推迟1~3旬,并随着蓄水位的抬升,推迟幅度逐渐加大。 相似文献
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荆江近岸河床演变对水沙条件的响应探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近岸河床的变化对于险工段河势稳定、护岸及堤防的安全产生影响。1990年代以来,尤其三峡水库蓄水运行后,上游来沙大幅减少,荆江河床普遍发生了冲刷,近岸河床发生了相应调整。主要结合荆江河段近岸河床监测资料及已有分析成果,从三个方面分析近岸河床演变对水沙条件变化的响应,一是近岸河床冲刷坑特征值与水沙条件的关系;二是近岸岸坡稳定性对水位变幅的响应程度;三是近岸河床平滩河道形态尺度对水沙过程的响应程度。通过计算分析得出近岸河床特征值与水沙定性及定量的关系。 相似文献
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Using an extreme learning machine to predict the displacement of step-like landslides in relation to controlling factors 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
In the evolution of landslides, besides the geological conditions, displacement depends on the variation of the controlling factors. Due to the periodic fluctuation of the reservoir water level and the precipitation, the shape of cumulative displacement-time curves of the colluvial landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir follows a step function. The Baijiabao landslide in the Three Gorges region was selected as a case study. By analysing the response relationship between the landslide deformation, the rainfall, the reservoir water level and the groundwater level, an extreme learning machine was proposed in order to establish the landslide displacement prediction model in relation to controlling factors. The result demonstrated that the curves of the predicted and measured values were very similar, with a correlation coefficient of 0.984. They showed a distinctive step-like deformation characteristic, which underlined the role of the influencing factors in the displacement of the landslide. In relation to controlling factors, the proposed extreme learning machine (ELM) model showed a great ability to predict the Baijiabao landslide and is thus an effective displacement prediction method for colluvial landslides with step-like deformation in the Three Gorges Reservoir region. 相似文献
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In the period of impounding and running of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the sensitive degrees of change of groundwater table and displacement to the fluctuation of water level are different in different parts of landslides induced by the fluctuation of water level (as the case of Xietan Landslide). According to the relationship between different sensitive degrees of monitoring variables (underground water level and displacement) and quantity of monitoring information, the sensitive zones of groundwater table and displacement to the fluctuation of reservoir water level are divided into different degrees by the approach of fuzzy pattern recognition. The result of numerical subarea of sensitive zone of groundwater table and displacement indicates that the middle and front part of the landslide are the main places with groundwater table affected by the fluctuation of water level of reservoir; the variation of horizontal displacement of surficial part of the middle and front part of the landslide is more sensitive to water impounding and sudden fall of water level; and with the increase of elevation and depth of the landslide, the horizontal displacement changes less and less; the change of vertical displacement of surficial parts of the landslide is most sensitive to the fluctuation of water level of Three Gorges Reservoir; and with the increase of depth, the change of vertical displacement become smaller and smaller. By the means of the numerical subarea regulation of Xietan Landslide, the suggestions to the point layout for monitoring the groundwater table and displacement in the landside of Three Gorges Reservoir are put forward. 相似文献
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目前对堆积层滑坡的变形预测大多基于数学模型或方法,忽略了引起滑坡位移显著变化的动力外因及滑坡自身的地质特征,因此,预报准确度和可信度较低。以三峡库区典型堆积层滑坡--鹤峰场镇滑坡为例,通过4组主要控制因素科学组合构建了滑坡的基本地质模型;以此为基础,重点考虑引起滑坡发生变形的库水作用动力因素,建立滑坡的数值-力学模型。通过实际监测点的变形监测结果与数值-力学模型中模型监测点的变形进行拟合分析,获取了实际时间与数值-力学模型中时步的等效关系;基于时间-时步等效关系及三峡水库设计水位调度曲线,得到了不同时步水位的波动特征;通过时步的外延,并在相应的时步段对数值-力学模型施加等效时间的库水作用,预测了滑坡在未来库水位变动条件下的变形。该预测方法既考虑了滑坡的工程地质模型又考虑了地下水作用效应,克服了纯数学方法预测的不足。 相似文献
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重庆三峡水库生态经济区农业生态环境问题与重建研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
李孝坤 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(2):97-101
农业生态环境是农业可持续发展的基础。重庆三峡水库生态经济区是重庆市确立的以生态建设为重点的经济区。鉴于该区农村面积广、农业人口多、贫困面大、农村移民任务重的基本情况，决定了农业及农村在社会经济可持续发展中的重要战略地位。深入分析了重庆三峡水库生态经济区农业生态环境存在的水土流失、水环境污染、土地污染、生物多样性破坏、自然灾害频繁等主要问题及其对农业生产的影响，从因地制宜合理利用农业资源、调整农业产业结构、优化农业空间布局，大力发展生态农业，控制并治理各种工业及生活污染、推行清洁生产，控制人口增长、实施生态移民、协调人地关系，加强生态环境法制化管理、依法保护农业生态环境等方面提出了保护及建设的对策。 相似文献
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三峡工程库区巴东县赵树岭滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
赵树岭滑坡是三峡工程库区的重要滑坡，其稳定性直接关系到巴东新县城沿江大道的安全，并对新县城土地利用意义重大。在阐述赵树岭滑坡基本特征的基础上，运用水岩耦合三维有限元数值方法模拟了滑坡稳定性，预测了三峡水库蓄水后滑坡稳定性发展趋势和渗流特征。研究表明，水库蓄水及水位波动是影响滑坡稳定性的主要因素，三峡水库蓄水后，滑坡将发生局部失稳，必须加以治理，提出了滑坡防治的原则与对策。 相似文献
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基于非饱和渗流的水库库岸滑坡稳定性计算 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
三峡水库蓄水后,库水位涨落和降雨入渗是导致滑坡的主要因素。本文以秭归县下土地岭滑坡为例,在一个水文年内根据库区水位调控方案并考虑库区降雨情况,运用非饱和土力学的渗流和抗剪强度理论,对滑坡稳定性进行了分析,得出在库水位涨落和降雨条件下滑坡渗流和稳定性的变化规律,对库区滑坡稳定性评价和治理有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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三峡水库峡谷区矗立着大量岩溶不稳定库岸,危及长江黄金水道安全。采用野外勘查和力学分析,对三峡库区碳酸盐岩区岩溶作用与斜坡破坏关系进行深入研究。野外勘查发现,三峡库区碳酸盐岩库岸存在许多与溶洞、溶隙、溶蚀带、溶槽、溶沟等表层岩溶作用有关的斜坡不稳定现象。巫峡段库岸内共发育岩溶地质灾害及隐患点186处,其中滑坡隐患点37处,大型以上危岩体6个。岩体力学分析表明:强降雨、蓄水和岩体劣化会因为有效应力减少、强度下降而造成破裂的节理/裂隙逐渐扩大。同时,水位变动带岩体劣化的裂缝扩展速率比三峡的平均溶蚀率高出约1 300倍,极大地加快了已经进入屈服状态的不稳定岩体的演化进程。溶蚀作用是岩溶岸坡中最基本的作用,库水长期波动加快了岩溶岸坡演化。本次研究将为三峡库区峡谷段不稳定库岸识别和防灾减灾提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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Lei Zhang Duoxing Yang Yaowei Liu Yongtai Che Dajun Qin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(11):4491-4500
It is a common concern that the groundwater flow field caused by the Three Gorges Dam changes the regional seismic activity and environment. The changes in the seepage region could be effectively reflected through the analysis of the groundwater age using chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)-based techniques. In this study, the influences of the reservoir water on groundwater and the seepage region boundary of the reservoir were investigated using CFCs, stable isotopes, and water level in groundwater, reservoir water, and spring water during the water storage process of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The results show that the water supplied by the groundwater is older, whereas the water supplied by the reservoir and the springs is younger. With an increase in the water level of the reservoir, the water in well W3, which is located at the vice dam of the head region, becomes older due to the reservoir loading effect, whereas the water in well W4 become younger due to the lateral seepage of reservoir water. This finding indicates that the groundwater seepage regions in wells W3 and W4, which are located at upstream of the reservoir, are all influenced by the Three Gorges Reservoir. In contrast, the sampling points in the northern section of the Xiannvshan fault zone, which is farther from the dam, did not exhibit any direct hydraulic connection between the groundwater and the reservoir water; thus, the reservoir seepage effects may not affect the northern part of the Xiannvshan fault zone. These research results provide important reference data that can be used to analyze the effects of the Three Gorges reservoir storage on the regional environment. 相似文献
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水位涨落作用下藕塘滑坡响应特征模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
藕塘滑坡是三峡库区结构复杂的巨型古滑坡之一,由多个次级滑体和滑面组成,大坝蓄水运行以来,滑坡出现复活迹象,对周边数千人的生命财产安全构成威胁。为明确藕塘滑坡在库水位涨落作用下的响应特征、变形破坏模式和机制,以物理模型试验为手段,通过制配滑坡模型试验材料,精确控制试验中库水位涨落条件,实现了藕塘滑坡变形失稳过程试验模拟,并从试验角度探讨了藕塘滑坡响应特征和力学机制。得到以下结论:库水涨落速度越快组成滑坡的3个次级滑坡产生的变形越大,库水位下降造成的滑坡变形明显大于库水位上涨和稳定状态;库水位涨落影响主要集中于第一期次滑坡区域,当库水位快速下降时第一期次滑坡坡脚局部发生牵引式崩滑的风险大;第一期次滑坡变形造成其后的第二期和第三期次滑坡稳定性下降,随之发生变形;藕塘滑坡为动水压力型滑坡,滑坡在库水位涨落作用下发生整体沿基岩面滑移破坏的可能性不大,变形失稳模式表现为第一期次滑坡前缘的局部崩滑。试验揭示了该类滑坡在库水位涨落作用下的响应特征和变形破坏机制,可为类似滑坡的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Simulation of spatial and temporal distribution on dissolved non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus load in Jialing River Watershed,China 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Jialing River, which covers a basin area of 160,000 km2 and a length of 1,280 km, is the largest tributary of the catchment area in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. In recent
years, water quality in the reservoir area section of Jialing River has been degraded due to land use and the rural residential
area induced by non-point source pollution. Therefore, the semi-distributed land-use runoff process (SLURP) hydrological model
has been introduced and used to simulate the integrated hydrological cycle of the Jialing River Watershed (JRW). A coupling
watershed model between the SLURP hydrological model and dissolved non-point source pollution model has been proposed in an
attempt to evaluate the potential dissolved non-point source pollution load; it enhances the simulation precision of runoff
and pollution load which are both based on the same division of land use types in the watershed. The proposed model has been
applied in JRW to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution of the dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) and dissolved total
phosphorus (DTP) pollution load for the period 1990–2007. It is shown that both the temporal and spatial distribution of DTN
and DTP load are positively correlated to annual rainfall height. Land use is the key factor controlling the distribution
of DTN and DTP load. The source compositions of DTN and DTP are different, where average DTN pollution load in descending
order is land use 67.2%, livestock and poultry breeding 30.5%, and rural settlements 2.2%; and for DTP, livestock and poultry
breeding is 50%, land use 48.8%, and rural settlements 1.2%. The contribution rates of DTN and DTP load in each sub-basin
indicate the sensitivity of the results to the temporal and spatial distribution of different pollution sources. These data
were of great significance for the prediction and estimation of the future changing trends of dissolved non-point source pollution
load carried by rainfall runoff in the JRW and for studies of their transport and influence in the Three Gorges Reservoir. 相似文献