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滇西地区断层气体成因研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文讨论了滇西地区由温泉释放的断层气体中各主要组分(He、H_2、Ar、N_2、CO_2、CH_4、Hg)的分布特征及其成因机制。 作者指出,滇西地区断层气体中直接来自地幔的He是微不足道的,较高水平的He释放(>100ppm)可能直接来自地层中的火成岩;H_2的释放与地层岩性无关,而与深大断裂的活动或地震活动有成因联系;洱源地区九台等泉点中CH_4含量达2—3％,同位素测定表明,它是典型的无机成因,是该区深部热动力变质作用的产物;滇西地区断层气体中Hg的分布特征表明,并不是所有的活动性断裂都有高含量的Hg释放。具有较高含量的幔源CO_2和Hg释放是红河断裂的两个最重要的地球化学特征。 相似文献
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《地震地磁观测与研究》2016,(1)
断裂带土壤气浓度测量是活动断裂地震危险性评价的重要手段之一。根据郯庐断裂带山东段安丘—莒县断裂和黄线弧形断裂断层土壤气中Rn、CO2和Hg的浓度,探讨断层气体地球化学特征。测量结果表明:安丘—莒县断裂Rn、CO2和Hg的浓度异常明显,且Rn和CO2的浓度异常具有较好的相关性。郯庐断裂带山东段沂沭断裂土壤气中,Rn和CO2浓度异常沿断裂由南向北变小,二者浓度异常与断裂活动性有一定关系。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带安徽段土壤气体的地球化学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在郯庐断裂带安徽段由北向南分别于泗县、明光、肥东、桐城布设了4个测区,每个测区各布设了4条跨断层土壤气测量剖面,测量土壤气Rn、Hg和CO_2的浓度。根据16条跨断层土壤气剖面的测量结果,对郯庐断裂带安徽段的3种土壤气体的释放特征及其与断层空间位置间的关系进行了初步分析。结果表明,气体在断裂带附近较为富集,对断层位置有一定指示作用;气体的富集程度与断裂的活动性、该区段断层岩性及地质环境有一定关系。该结果对于认识测量区域气体的积累特征及构造地球化学研究有一定意义。 相似文献
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在鲜水河—小江断裂带上布设10个测区,每个测区布设4条土壤气测量剖面,共640个测点,跨断层测量了土壤气CO2、CH4、H2、Rn和Hg的浓度,分析了土壤气的空间分布特征及其成因,讨论了土壤气地球化学特征与断层活动的关系。结果表明,(1)鲜水河—小江断裂带土壤气CO2、CH4、H2、Rn和Hg的平均浓度分别为0.4%、12.0 ppm、5.3 ppm、13.53 kBq/m3、11.29 ng/m3;(2)鲜水河断裂炉霍段、安宁河断裂冕宁—西昌段和则木河断裂上高土壤气浓度值表明,历史大地震离逝时间越短、近期小震活动性越强、滑动速率越高的断层,其裂隙发育程度越高,从而导致土壤气浓度也越高;(3)鲜水河断裂雪门坎段和小江断裂北段低土壤气浓度值表明,历史强震离逝越久、现今地震活动性越弱、滑动速率低的断层,其裂隙发育程度越低,从而导致土壤气体浓度也越低。 相似文献
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通过密集测点和跨断裂测线土壤气体地球化学野外流动观测,获取了雄安新区土壤气体Rn、CO2和Hg浓度的区域背景场资料及跨断裂剖面分布特征。结合Q-Q图频率统计法和Kriging插值对雄安新区土壤气体地球化学背景进行综合分析发现,雄安新区断裂来源土壤气体Rn、CO2和Hg的浓度高值呈串珠状聚集于牛东断裂、牛东分支断裂1、牛东分支断裂2、容城断裂和徐水—大城断裂沿线,表明这5条断裂可能是研究区较为活动的断裂带,根据气体浓度高值优势方向及城市活断层探测结果,进一步限定了各断裂的空间展布态势。各活动断裂不同段气体浓度相对强度的计算结果显示,新区断裂活动性由东南向西北方向递减,牛东分支断裂2的活动性最强,其Rn浓度相对强度高于首都圈地区的18条主要活动断裂。由于观测范围的局限性,各活动断裂不同段土壤气体浓度相对强度并无明显差异。 相似文献
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由于唐山断裂带土壤气地球化学研究成果相对较少，因此于2017—2018年分3期对唐山断裂带5条分支断裂土壤气浓度（包括Rn、Hg、CO2）和通量（包括Rn、Hg）进行测量，利用土壤气浓度平均值+2倍均方差的方法确定每条断裂异常限。分析结果表明，唐山-古冶断裂和唐山断裂土壤气浓度及通量出现高值异常；2017—2018年ML1.0以上地震多集中在唐山断裂和唐山-古冶断裂，与土壤气异常分布有较好的相关性；土壤气地球化学空间变化特征能反映断裂带的分段活动性。 相似文献
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Turhan Dogan Toshiya Mori Fumiaki Tsunomori Kenji Notsu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(12):2449-2463
Soil H2 and CO2 surveys were carried out along seven active faults and around the aftershock region of the 2000 Tottori-ken Seibu earthquake
in Japan. Diffuse CO2 effluxes were also measured along one fault and around the 2000 aftershock region. The results show highly variable H2 concentration in space and time and it seems that the maximum H2 concentration at each active fault correlates with fault activity as exemplified by the time of the latest big earthquakes.
Even though observed H2 concentrations in four faults were markedly lower than those collected previously in the latter half of the 1970s, it is
evident that the higher H2 concentrations in this study are due to the addition of the fault gases. Comparing the chemical composition of trapped gases
(H2: 5–20% and CO2/H2: 0.5–12) in fractured rocks of drill cores bored at the Nojima fault, a soil gas sample with the highest H2 concentration showed large amounts of the trapped fault gas, diluted with atmospheric component. The profile experiment across
a fracture zone at the Yamasaki fault showed higher H2 concentrations and lower CO2/H2 ratios as was observed in soil gas from the fracture zone. A few days after the 2000 Tottori-kei Seibu earthquake, no CO2 effluxes related to the occurrence of earthquakes were observed at the aftershock region. However, only above the epicenter
zone, relatively high H2 concentrations in soil gases were observed. 相似文献
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对首都圈地区跨18条活动断裂的35条剖面进行了土壤气浓度和通量测量, 结果显示: 各测量剖面土壤气Rn, Hg和CO2的浓度平均值分别为3.2—45.0 kBq/m3, 3.9—24.9 ng/m3和0.154%—2.175%; 其通量平均值分别为3.8—152.1 mBq/(m2·s), 0.1-42.6 ng/(m2·h)和8.5—89.4 g/(m2·d)． 研究区土壤气Rn, Hg和CO2的浓度和通量均呈东高西低的变化趋势, 与首都圈地区由西至东应力水平增高、 地壳厚度逐渐减薄、 沉积层厚度增大、 地震活动逐渐增强等趋势相对应, 这表明首都圈地区土壤气的区域地球化学特征主要受控于上地壳物质结构、 深部气体补给和地震活动, 同时也受到自然环境及土壤类型的影响． 相似文献
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Jean-Paul Toutain Jean-Claude Baubron Joseph Le Bronec Patrick Allard Pierre Briole Bernard Marty Gerarda Miele Dario Tedesco Giuseppe Luongo 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1992,54(2):147-155
The increasing activity of Vulcano Island (Italy) since 1985 led to the initiation of continuous geochemical monitoring of the lateral soil gas emissions. On the basis both of their relative geochemical characteristics and of local considerations, three gaseous components were selected for monitoring, namely CO2, He and 222Rn. Monitoring has been performed by means of specific analysers. Gases extracted from a water well located at the foot of the active cone were selected for monitoring, on the basis of their geochemical and isotopic characters that indicate their genetic link with central high temperature fumarolic gases emitted at the crater. Very strong variations of gas composition can be observed within one day (from 1 to about 94% for CO2). Some variations display a daily character and can be correlated with that of atmospheric pressure. The three monitored gases are highly correlated, suggesting very high kinetics of gas transfer in the system. Because of these considerable variations of chemical composition, bulk concentrations obviously are not suitable for monitoring at Vulcano. However, the evolution with time of ratios such as 222Rn/CO2 and He/CO2 (the latter being corrected for atmospheric contamination) supplies numerical parameters that the expected to characterize the intensity of the degassing process. A new input of magmatic gases, that would lead to an increase in the 222Rn/CO2 and He/CO2 ratios, should therefore be detected by such a monitoring station. 相似文献
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在浙江省珊溪水库地区布设5条断层土壤气Rn和H2测线,并选取15个溶解水氡采样测点。测量结果显示,其中有3条土壤气测线上的Rn浓度均值超过70 Bq/L,土壤H2测值最高达1 377 ppm,水样中溶解氡浓度最高值为68.3 Bq/L。通过珊溪水库地区历史地震活动和地质构造情况分析,发现该地区土壤Rn、H2和溶解水氡的高值分布区均与双溪—焦溪垟断裂F11-3分支的空间位置密切相关,该断裂分支是珊溪水库地区小震活动的发震断裂。另外通过研究发现,历史震群活动距今时间以及震群活动的频度和强度是影响珊溪水库地区土壤气Rn和H2地球化学特征的重要因素。 相似文献
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S. E. Beaubien G. Ciotoli S. Lombardi 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(1-2):63
The sudden and catastrophic, or slow and continuous, release at surface of naturally occurring toxic gases like CO2, H2S and Rn poses a serious health risk to people living in geologically active regions. In general this problem receives little attention from local governments, although public concern is raised periodically when anomalous toxic-gas concentrations suddenly kill humans or livestock. For example, elevated CO2 concentrations have been linked to the death of at least 10 people in the central Italian region of Lazio over the last 20 years, while it was the CO2 asphyxiation of 30 cows in a heavily populated area near Rome in 1999 which prompted the present soil-gas study into the distribution of the local health risk. A detailed geochemical survey was carried out in an area of about 4 km2 in the Ciampino and Marino districts, whereby a total of 274 soil-gas samples were collected and analysed for more than 10 major and trace gas species. Data were then processed using both statistical and geostatistical methods, and the resulting maps were examined in order to highlight areas of elevated risk. General trends of elevated CO2 and Rn concentrations imply the presence of preferential pathways (i.e. faults and fractures) along which deep gases are able to migrate towards the surface. The CO2 and Rn anomalous trends often correspond to and are usually elongated parallel to the Apennine mountain range, the controlling structural feature in central Italy. Because of this fundamental anisotropy in the factors controlling the soil-gas distribution, it was found that a geostatistical approach using variogram analysis allowed for a better interpretation of the data. With regard to the health risk to local inhabitants, it was found that although some high risk areas had been zoned as parkland, others had been heavily developed for residential purposes. For example, many new houses were found to have been built on ground which has soil-gas CO2 concentrations of more than 70% and radon values of more than 250 kBq m−3. It is recommended that land-use planners incorporate soil-gas and/or gas flux measurements in environmental assessments in areas of possible risk (i.e. volcanic or structurally active areas). 相似文献
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M. L. Carapezza B. Badalamenti L. Cavarra A. Scalzo 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(1-2):81
The northwestern flank of the Colli Albani, a Quaternary volcanic complex near Rome, is characterised by high pCO2 values and Rn activities in the groundwater and by the presence of zones with strong emission of gas from the soil. The most significant of these zones is Cava dei Selci where many houses are located very near to the gas emission site. The emitted gas consists mainly of CO2 (up to 98 vol%) with an appreciable content of H2S (0.8–2%). The He and C isotopic composition indicates, as for all fluids associated with the Quaternary Roman and Tuscany volcanic provinces, the presence of an upper mantle component contaminated by crustal fluids associated with subducted sediments and carbonates. An advective CO2 flux of 37 tons/day has been estimated from the gas bubbles rising to the surface in a small drainage ditch and through a stagnant water pool, present in the rainy season in a topographically low central part of the area. A CO2 soil flux survey with an accumulation chamber, carried out in February–March 2000 over a 12 000 m2 surface with 242 measurement points, gave a total (mostly conductive) flux of 61 tons/day. CO2 soil flux values vary by four orders of magnitude over a 160-m distance and by one order of magnitude over several metres. A fixed network of 114 points over 6350 m2 has been installed in order to investigate temporal flux variations. Six surveys carried out from May 2000 to June 2001 have shown large variations of the total CO2 soil flux (8–25 tons/day). The strong emission of CO2 and H2S, which are gases denser than air, produces dangerous accumulations in low areas which have caused a series of lethal accidents to animals and one to a man. The gas hazard near the houses has been assessed by continuously monitoring the CO2 and H2S concentration in the air at 75 cm from the ground by means of two automatic stations. Certain environmental parameters (wind direction and speed; atm P, T, humidity and rainfall) were also continuously recorded. At both stations, H2S and CO2 exceeded by several times the recommended concentration thresholds. The highest CO2 and H2S values were recorded always with wind speeds less than 1.5 m/s, mostly in the night hours. Our results indicate that there is a severe gas hazard for people living near the gas emission site of Cava dei Selci, and appropriate precautionary and prevention measures have been recommended both to residents and local authorities. 相似文献