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采用非饱和导水率仪测定了内蒙古孪井灌区土壤样品的负压值和含水量变化,该方法能够完整记录土壤脱水过程,得到土壤水分特征曲线。根据van Genuchten模型及其修正模型对土壤水分特征曲线进行拟合,并比较2种模型其拟合值与实测值的差异。研究结果表明,van Genuchten模型能更好的拟合孪井地区的各种土壤,表层砂壤土水分特征曲线形状相同;另外,表层土饱和含水量相近,黏粒含量越高,土壤的残余含水量越大。 相似文献
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内陆碱化湿地土壤有机质和全磷的时空分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以付老文泡湿地为研究对象,分析了内陆碱化湿地土壤有机质和全磷含量的时空分布特征。研究结果表明7月表层土壤有机质和全磷空间分布格局的异质性高于亚表层,而9月亚表层土壤则呈现出较高的异质性。2采样期内有机质和全磷含量均呈现由表层向下呈减少趋势,除9月土壤有机质外,上下土壤层内的有机质和全磷含量均存在显著性差异。湿地全磷随土壤有机质增加呈幂函数增长变化。湿地土壤有机质和全磷随土壤水分含量增加均呈对数衰减变化,但土壤有机质和全磷随pH值增加则分别呈现指数和幂函数衰减变化。 相似文献
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出露潮滩上土壤含水量的遥感测量是潮间带地形地貌测量方法的一种新尝试,也是对潮滩生态环境深层次认知的一条途径。借鉴陆地土壤含水量遥感监测的经验,通过分析实测潮滩土壤含水量与其光谱值的关系,建立出露潮滩上土壤含水量遥感监测模型,并利用该模型对研究区影像的土壤含水量进行反演尝试。研究结果为:(1)潮滩土壤含水量与光谱反射率的关系,波段的相关系数以ETM+4的相关性最大;(2)从多元线性模型、单波段模型、比值模型、仿植被指数模型的应用比较看,对于潮滩土壤含水量的遥感反演模型选用单波段模型的误差最小。结果表明,通过遥感测量和监测模型的反演,可以迅速得到海岸潮间带露滩上土壤含水量分布。 相似文献
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南海叶绿素a浓度垂直分布的统计估算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析整理了1993—2006年近10 a南海北部海域、南沙海域和南海其他海域的叶绿素a浓度历史航次调查资料,基于前人提出的全球叶绿素浓度垂直分布的统计分析模式,根据南海表层叶绿素a浓度大小的不同分级,对南海叶绿素a浓度进行了参数化处理,拟合估算了南海各水层剖面的叶绿素a浓度分布值,并结合不同海区的环境特征,分析了南海叶绿素a浓度垂直分布与其海水物理环境的关系。初步分析结果表明,叶绿素a浓度随深度垂直变化的拟合曲线呈一定倾斜的正态分布特征,当表层叶绿素a浓度较低时,作为南海深水海盆区的代表,拟合值更接近实测平均值的分布,叶绿素a浓度高值集中在次表层剖面上;当表层叶绿素a浓度较高时,作为近岸区和河口区的代表,高值多集中在表层海水,拟合误差偏大。该统计估算模式对于揭示南海叶绿素a浓度垂直分布结构进行了有益的尝试,为发展适合不同海区特点的模式以及校正参数奠定了基础。利用该模式与海洋水色卫星遥感数据有效结合,将对南海叶绿素a浓度时空分布格局的研究具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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漫灌条件下内蒙孪井灌区土壤水分动态变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据内蒙孪井灌区土壤水分观测资料,本文讨论了漫灌条件下该区土壤水分的动态变化规律.由于观测期间降雨对该区影响很小,主要分析了春灌期、灌溉间隔期和作物生长期土壤水分的变化特点.春灌期,灌溉水主要补给上层砂壤土,对下层土壤的补给相对较小;经过2次灌溉过后,土壤含水率不断升高.就蓄水能力而言,粘砂土的蓄水能力最强,砂壤土次之,灌水后水分主要滞留在这2层.结合灌溉渗漏量分析,研究认为,该区灌溉模式使得灌溉渗漏量较大,造成水资源浪费的同时还会引起地下水位上升,致使灌区下游土壤次生盐渍化加重.因此,采用灌溉量较小的喷灌、滴灌等方式,可以避免产生深层渗漏,节约水资源. 相似文献
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以江苏川东港东南侧潮滩为研究区,通过土样采集、粒径分析、光谱测量等手段,分析了土壤含水量与光谱的关系,针对潮滩土壤含水量与光谱的二维散点形态呈"V"型分布的特点,讨论了含水量临界值的求解方法。以临界值为界,建立了高、低含水量状态的反演模型,进一步建立了兼具高、低含水量状态的综合模型。结果表明:1)潮滩土壤含水量与光谱的二维散点形态呈"V"型分布,当含水量值小于临界值,含水量与光谱呈负相关关系;当含水量值大于临界值,含水量与光谱呈正相关关系,随着波长的增加,"V"型的凹度和深度逐渐增加。2)经求导计算,临界值为32%。3)以临界含水量为界,分为低含水量段与高含水量段,分别建立含水量反演模型,预测误差分别为3.396和2.410。4)以4个波段作为参量进行逐步分析可得到与含水量具有较好单一趋势关系的波段组合形式。所建模型可以用于获取潮滩土壤含水量的空间分布,能够为研究潮滩土壤含水量与潮滩地形地貌之间的关系提供数据支持。 相似文献
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以1993—2018年北太平洋海表面温度(SST)、海表面盐度(SSS)、叶绿素a浓度(Chl-a)、二氧化碳分压(pCO2)等数据为基础,利用传统线性回归分析和BP神经网络算法,建立表层海水pH值的预测模型。结果表明：两种方法对于重建北太平洋表层海水pH值都能达到较高的精度,其中线性回归模型基于SSS、Chl-a、pCO2参数模拟最佳,BP神经网络模型基于SST、SSS、Chl-a、pCO2参数模拟最佳。对比两种最佳模型的均方根误差和拟合系数发现,BP神经网络模型优于线性回归模型。除此之外,最佳BP神经网络模型在4个季节的拟合效果均很好,不同季节的适用性远高于最佳线性回归模型。表层海水pH值受到多种因素的综合影响,与pCO2、SST呈负相关关系,与SSS、Chl-a呈正相关关系。应用最佳BP神经网络模型重建北太平洋表层海水pH值发现,本研究模型的预测结果与已有研究、哥白尼欧洲地球观测计划数据、站点实测数据都存在很好的一致性,表层海水pH值冬季高于夏季,整体呈现西北高东南低的趋势。 相似文献
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潮滩沉积物中的水分掩盖了沉积物本身的光谱信息,不利于沉积物遥感分类。利用江苏大丰潮滩沉积物在不同含水量下的398条实测光谱曲线数据,基于线性光谱分解方法定量化分析了沉积物光谱对含水量变化的响应,建立削弱水分影响的潮滩表层沉积物组分(砂、粉砂、黏土)含量反演模型,应用于Hyperion高光谱遥感影像,获得沉积物组分的空间分布,并结合Shepard三角分类法实现了潮滩表层沉积物的自动分类。研究结果表明:(1)当沉积物含水量增加时,沉积物光谱中水分权重以含水量的2倍速率增加,含水量大于25%,则水分对光谱的影响占主导作用;(2)2 143 nm波段反射率对沉积物的含水量变化敏感,利用2 143 nm波段反射率进行潮滩沉积物的含水量反演,模型拟合度r2可达0.81;(3)983,1 134 nm波段反射率对沉积物组分含量反演敏感,将含水量与沉积物组分敏感波段一起建立多元线性回归方程,可有效削弱水分的影响,适用于高含水量潮滩区的沉积物组分含量反演;(4)将组分反演结果结合Shepard分类,可实现潮滩沉积物分类,得到潮滩沉积物类型的空间分布特征,分类精度为75.93%,Kappa系数为0.6。 相似文献
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Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
L&#; E ZHANG Lei CHEN Min QIU Yusheng XING N YANG Weifeng LI Yanping HUANG Yipu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(1):29-41
Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic 相似文献
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JIN Xianglong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(12):1-3
In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future. 相似文献
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湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足 相似文献
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In order to investigate factors controlling nutrient cycling in the shallow and turbid coastal ecosystem of Galveston Bay, data from: (1) the Texas Water Commission (TWC) database 1980–1989, and (2) salinity transects in 1989 and 1993 are presented and analyzed. Statistical regression and time-series analysis were carried out on data acquired by TWC between 1980 and 1989, in an attempt to establish seasonally of nutrient and chlorophyll-a (chl.-a.) concentrations in the bay and to determine factors which regulate these concentrations.A strong seasonality was found for phosphorus and chl.-a. in the upper and mid-bay stations. A recurring maximum for phosphate occurred in September and a chl.-a. maximum occurred regularly in March–April. It is hypothesized that benthic regeneration of phosphorus at the end of summer is responsible for the phosphate maximum. The inverse correlation of the partition coefficient (Kd) for phosphate with the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), coupled to a strong enrichment of phosphate in suspended particles at low SPM concentrations, indicates additional control by geochemical and physical processes such as particle sorting and/or particle-colloid interactions. Nitrate is inversely correlated with salinity at the upper and mid-bay stations, indicating the Trinity River is a major source.Nutrient concentrations in the lower bay (East and West Bay stations) are considerably lower and less predictable, as they are not correlated with salinity or temperature. Data from the 1989 and 1993 transects confirm the yearly maximum in phosphate concentration in late summer months, with peak concentrations in the upper Trinity Bay. It is concluded that despite possible phosphate buffering by physical and geochemical mechanisms, relatively large concentration maxima recur regularly every year during the summer, possibly caused by a benthic source of phosphate. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1999,46(8):1391-1415
The biomass, species and chemical composition of the mesozooplankton and their impact on lower food levels were estimated along a transect across the Arctic Ocean. Mesozooplankton biomass in the upper 200 m of the water column was significantly higher (19–42 mg DW m-3) than has previously been reported for the Arctic Ocean, and it reached a maximum at ca. 87°N in the Amundsen Basin. The lowest values were recorded in the Chukchi Sea and Nansen Basin, where ice cover was lower (50–80%) than in the central Arctic Ocean. In the deeper strata (200–500 m) of the Canadian and Eurasian Basins, the biomass was always much lower (4.35–16.44 mg DW m-3). The C/N (g/g) ratio for the mesozooplankton population was high (6.5–8.5) but within the documented range. These high values (when compared to 4.5 at lower latitudes) may be explained by the high lipid content. Mesozooplankton accounted for approximately 40% of the total particulate organic carbon in the upper 100 m of the water column. Mesozooplankton species composition was homogeneous along the transect, consisting mainly of copepods (70–90% of the total number). It was dominated by four large copepod species (Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, C. finmarchicus and Metridia longa), which together accounted for more than 80% of the total biomass. According to measurements of gut pigment and gut turnover rates, the mesozooplankton on average ingested between 6 and 30% of their body carbon per day as phytoplankton. Microzooplankton may have provided an additional source of energy for the mesozooplankton community. These data emphasize the importance of mesozooplankton in the arctic food web and reinforce the idea that the Arctic Ocean should no longer be considered to be a “biological desert”. 相似文献
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