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针对斜坡地质灾害调查评价目的性不强、预测性不够等问题,提出了建立“坡长制斜坡地质灾害防治体系”的构想,主张斜坡地质灾害的调查评价和防控应以划定的斜坡单元为基础,在充分把握斜坡的致灾条件、孕灾过程、危险性和风险性的前提下,制定针对性的预警体系、管理规则和管控措施,进而实现地质灾害风险的系统防控。论文以湖南省麻阳县重点地区地质灾害详查为例,系统阐述了建立坡长制斜坡地质灾害防治体系的基本过程、调查评价方法和指标体系,并在此基础上对坡长制体系建设涉及的重点地区选择依据、确定方法, 斜坡单元的确定方法和主要调查评价的内容, 坡长的遴选方法、标准及其责权利, 斜坡单元的管控流程、核心内容、预警模型、法制体系等技术要点做了全面的分析并提出了作者的推荐性意见。该坡长制斜坡地质灾害防治体系的建立和不断完善,必将对我国区域地质灾害防治水平的提升产生积极的促进作用。 相似文献
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本文基于六安市裕安区地质灾害风险调查工作成果,对裕安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害与地形地貌之间的关系进行分析研究,查清其地灾的地域分布特征,对斜坡类型、斜坡坡度、斜坡坡高、斜坡坡向与地灾的数量进行统计,分析裕安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害成因,为本地区的地质灾害风险评价和地质灾害监测预警工作提供理论依据。 相似文献
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地质灾害风险评估对地质灾害的防治与管理具有重要意义。绥德县城区地处陕北黄土高原腹地, 沟壑纵横, 地形切割强烈, 地质灾害多发。为了评估绥德县城区地质灾害风险, 将城区周边斜坡地带共划分为1050个斜坡单元, 计算每个斜坡单元在不同含水量工况下的稳定性, 并结合土体含水量监测数据评估斜坡单元危险性。在此基础上, 利用1︰1万遥感数据识别斜坡单元内的承灾体, 并进行易损性分析和危害性评估。根据危险性和危害性评估结果, 完成绥德县城区及周边地区基于斜坡单元的地质灾害风险评估。评估结果表明, 绥德县城区及周边地区很高风险区面积2.27 km2, 包含斜坡段106个; 高风险区面积3.03 km2, 包含斜坡段114个; 中风险区面积10.40 km2, 包含斜坡段362个; 低风险区面积12.81 km2, 包含斜坡段468个。 相似文献
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为了对野外风险斜坡及潜在地质灾害进行快速识别,现基于斜坡单元采用信息量模型对贵定县宝山至盘江重点区开展地质灾害风险评价,并分析地质灾害分布与风险斜坡的相关性。结果表明:1风险评价结果中极高风险斜坡42处,高风险斜坡308处,中风险斜坡580处,低风险斜坡280处,分别占比347%、2545%、4793%及2314%;2地质灾害主要分布于极高及高风险斜坡,低风险斜坡中无地质灾害分布;3通过对比评价结果与研究区实际情况,表明风险评价结果较为合理,信息量模型可以应用于山地斜坡地质灾害风险评价,同时评价结果为下一步指导地质灾害防治工作提供了重要的信息及依据。 相似文献
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东兴区地质灾害数量众多,分布广泛,危害严重,以小型崩塌(危岩)为主。主要分布在区域东北部、西北部窄谷深丘地貌区及中南部人口相对密集地区。即地质灾害中易发区;其发生时间多集中在每年7~9月。地质灾害发育分布受多种因素控制及影响。即地形地貌控制着地质灾害的规模及空间分布;软硬相间的岩性组合易产生差异性风化,引起斜坡失稳;近水平的地质构造可产生大量的斜坡失稳;斜坡结构形式控制着崩塌(危岩)发生的可能性;降雨使岩体受到冲刷及软化并且在岩体内部产生水压力,促进斜坡失稳;人类工程活动导致斜坡原始状态破坏,诱发斜坡失稳。根据地质灾害的发育分布特征及控制和影响因素,建议采取治理与避险搬迁、加强监测以及保护斜坡地质环境等措施减少地质灾害的发生。 相似文献
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以镇巴县幅为例,通过现场地质灾害调查、无人机航拍、室内遥感解译的方法,统计斜坡地质灾害的分布与地貌、坡度、坡向、斜坡结构类型、水系与公路的相关性,得出以下结论：1）斜坡灾害发育与地貌紧密相关,低山区与中山区斜坡地质灾害占灾害总数的96.97%.2）斜坡灾害主要分布在20～40°坡度区间内,灾害数目占总斜坡灾害数目的75.76%.3）41%的斜坡灾害分布在东、西两个方向斜坡上.4）顺向坡最易发育地质灾害,顺向坡地质灾害数量占总数的33%.5）河流对地质灾害有很强的控制作用,45.45%的地质灾害发生在距河流200 m范围内.6）研究区内斜坡灾害与人类工程活动特别是修建公路有很强的相关性,公路两侧50 m范围内发育斜坡灾害数量占总数的55.56%.结合研究区地质灾害发育规律及遥感影像特征,总结出一套适用于陕南秦巴山区的斜坡灾害识别方法,可为防灾减灾及灾害识别提供技术支持. 相似文献
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以山阳—商南钒矿开采区为例,通过遥感解译、无人机航拍及野外详细地质调查,统计分析了斜坡地质灾害的分布与坡形、坡向、坡度、地层倾角、岩体结构与岩性的相关性。研究得出:（1）矿区斜坡地质灾害具有明显的顺向坡效应,顺向坡地质灾害占灾害总数的75.86%;（2）72.42%的灾害发育在坡度30°~50°的斜坡中;（3）灾害分布与地层倾角有很好的对应关系,大部分地质灾害集中在倾角40°~60°的范围内;（4）斜坡灾害多发生在结构面较发育的斜坡中,尤其是夹角在70°~90°的近乎正交的结构面组合范围内;（5）斜坡灾害多发育在硅质岩或白云岩与黏土岩互层中,而白云岩中多发生的是崩塌。同时,结合研究区遥感影像的对比分析,提出了斜坡地质灾害遥感识别方法,在此基础上,形成了一套矿区地质灾害早期识别技术。研究成果可为矿山企业和矿区居民对斜坡地质灾害的识别与预警预防提供技术支持。 相似文献
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针对县级地质灾害气象风险预警面临的精度及模型建设问题,根据广东省地质灾害主要发生在坡面残坡积浅表层的突出特点,通过对典型地质灾害进行物理模拟试验和数值模拟,研究广东省浅表层斜坡失稳发生机理。研究表明：边坡在暴雨条件下,斜坡岩土体容易在浅表层首先造成失稳,影响因素主要有降雨量、降雨历时、土体类别和坡体结构等因素。由此,对研究区划分斜坡单元,按各斜坡单元的坡长、坡度、岩土类型、分层及其关键物理力学参数开展斜坡单元概化分类,并将Green-Ampt降雨入渗模型和无限边坡稳定性评价方法相结合,优化构建了动力学斜坡稳定性评价模型。结合龙川县贝岭镇流域应用实例,初步探索了坡面单元尺度下地质灾害气象风险预警斜坡失稳动力学预警技术,可为广东省开展以斜坡单元预警为主要方式的县级地质灾害气象风险预警提供支撑。 相似文献
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藏区高速公路地处川西高海拔寒冷地区,工程场地地形高差变化极大,地形条件复杂,斜坡地质灾害非常发育。根据藏区高速公路斜坡地质灾害特点,提出了地质灾害防治的"1+4"工作方案,"1"即"抓紧开展沿线区域地质灾害综合分析再评估,形成1个再评估报告";"4"即整治一批已发生的地质灾害,排查一批潜在的地质灾害,监测一批存在重大隐患的地质灾害,上报一批对高速公路造成巨大威胁的线外地质灾害。通过藏区高速公路地质灾害排查表明,其地质灾害类型主要以崩塌、滑坡、不稳定性斜坡、泥石流为主,在空间分布上具有分段性、相对集中性、相关性;在时间分布规律主要受降雨和冻融的控制,表现为季节性和重复性。在此基础上,基于传感网络的地质灾害监测数据自动采集关键技术,提出了藏区高速公路斜坡地质灾害长期健康监测预警的工作思路。 相似文献
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以斜坡地质灾害(滑坡、崩塌)高发的金川县为例,采用遥感解译与地面调查相结合的综合手段获取灾害数据.选取地形起伏度、坡度、斜坡坡形、斜坡结构类型、工程地质岩组、地质构造、水系、植被与土地利用类型等8个影响因素作为评价因子,分别基于区内斜坡地质灾害点和斜坡地质灾害面积采用信息量模型开展易发性评价.利用最新提出的历史地质灾害... 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献