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广西红树林湿地现状与生态保护的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红树林湿地是湿地系统中的非常重要而又较为特殊的组成部分。广西是我国几个有红树林湿地的省区之一,然而由于人类的经济活动及人类对湿地认识的片面性,对湿地的不合理的开发利用,湿地遭受破坏,功能和效益在衰退,如再不进行科学保护,将严重危及红树林湿地生物的生存,制约红树林湿地周边社会经济的发展和人民生活的提高。 相似文献
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海岸带蓝碳广义上指盐沼湿地、红树林和海草床等海岸带高等植物以及浮游植物、藻类和贝类生物等,在自身生长和微生物的共同作用下,将大气中的CO_2吸收、转化并长期保存到海岸带底泥中的这部分碳,以及其中一部分从海岸带向近海及大洋输出的有机碳.海岸带蓝碳单位面积的固碳能力远大于陆地碳库.盐沼湿地、红树林、海草床、渔业碳汇和微型生物碳泵等5类海岸带碳汇需要进一步研究其固碳机理和调控因子.海岸带蓝碳的定量研究方法包括碳收支的监测、模拟实验和模型研究.我们可以通过恢复、保护和增加这些碳汇来获取新增碳汇,从而得到碳积分,进而通过市场机制推动生态保护和恢复.针对全球应对气候变化的迫切需求以及中国固碳减排的承诺,我们应加强海岸带蓝碳的科学和政策研究.利用蓝碳原理,保护和恢复盐沼湿地、红树林、海草床,增进微型生物碳泵的储碳功能,并建设可持续性海洋牧场等重要海岸带生态系统. 相似文献
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50Ma以来全球持续降温,但东南亚多岛海构造体系域依然保持了较高的气候温度,形成并保存极其丰富的新生界油气资源.本研究从地球系统视角出发,通过分析东南亚新生代构造活动、气候环境演变和油气富集特点,获得以下新认识:(1)大洋板块俯冲和上覆大陆岩石圈伸展导致东南亚发生广泛火山喷发、形成裂谷盆地和浅海陆架,造成深部构造活动与浅部山、盆、海之间复杂的相互作用;(2)微陆块在赤道低纬度区的聚合与长期滞留促使信风偏转为季风,改变了洋流通道和流量,深刻影响了东南亚乃至全球的降雨和温度变化;(3)东南亚多岛海构造体系和高温多雨气候环境促进了热带雨林、红树林、浮游藻类等繁盛,为油气资源形成提供了丰富的有机质;(4)裂谷盆地演化与海侵-海退事件的耦合导致多类型油气系统源-储-盖有效叠置,有机质快速深埋和高大地热流促进油气大量生成和规模聚集;(5)多板块俯冲汇聚所造成的圈层相互作用是导致东南亚新生界油气资源异常富集的主导因素,这一认识对发展地球系统控制下的油气富集理论具有重要意义.未来研究重点应关注澳大利亚与巽他陆块碰撞和高温多雨气候环境的油气资源效应,大力发展海上富含CO2油气田的经济开发与CO2封存技术... 相似文献
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正站在全球经济下滑的拐点,矿山企业不得不重新解构发展与保护的命题。经济发展和生态保护之间是辩证统一的两个面,经济是要在以保护生态的前提下发展,生态是要在发展经济的支撑下保护,而保护生态环境更是在保护生产力。当供给侧改革把煤炭资源再次推到转型发展的"风口"时,内蒙古鄂尔多斯市巴音孟克煤炭有限责任公司已在过往的十年间,从转型发展与生态保护的天枰上寻找到了新的平衡,实现了经济、生态、社会效益的三赢 相似文献
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渤海庙岛黄土中微体化石再研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
定量研究了庙岛黄土剖面中的微体化石,其中腹足类是原地生活的陆生动物,而所有底栖有孔虫、介形虫、双壳类和海胆刺都是在冰期时被流行的冬季风从渤海的北部和西北部搬运来;浮游有孔虫很可能源于黄海和东海北部,由南风吹来。海相微体化石丰度和分异度在黄土剖面自下而上显著减少,表明海相化石的搬运主要发生在海退的早期。 相似文献
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海岸带蓝碳研究及其展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(11)
海岸带蓝碳是海洋碳汇的重要组成部分,在应对全球气候变化中具有十分重要的作用.通过系统调研,综述了海岸带蓝碳的组成、碳通量及其影响因素.针对海岸带蓝碳组成,重点阐述了红树林、盐沼和海草床这三种海岸带地区最具固碳效率生态系统的有机碳捕获与埋藏特征.在此基础上,从海岸带地区的水-气、土-气、地下水(孔隙水)向上交换的垂直界面,以及河口-(潮滩)湿地-近海的陆海水平界面两个维度分析了海岸带系统中不同形态碳的交换、输送过程及其通量,探讨了海岸带碳库收支对全球碳循环的影响.同时,结合海岸带人类活动特点以及对气候变化的响应规律,提出当前中国海岸带地区的蓝碳和碳汇功能正在经受着新一轮沿海土地开发、流域筑坝建库、近海富营养化及海平面上升等系列复杂因素的剧烈作用.因此,要充分结合中国海岸带地区的自然与社会属性特点,以陆海统筹为指导,进一步深化海岸带蓝碳研究,提高对不同区域及海岸带类型的固碳效率、碳库总量和生物地球化学循环过程的认识,建立和完善固碳增汇技术体系,构建海岸带蓝碳系统的综合观测网络与管理平台,服务于中国海岸带地区的蓝碳保护和生态文明建设. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献