共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 83 毫秒
1.
M.V. Bongiovanni N. Bonomo M. de la Vega L. Martino A. Osella 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2008,64(1-2):37-46
We present results from a geophysical prospection at a historical Jesuit Mission, located in San Ignacio (Misiones-Argentina), declared World Monument some years ago. We studied different sectors looking for buried structures; the total area under study covered 36 ha. In this work we will show the results obtained in a sector that at the time of the prospection was at imminent risk of being damaged by a wrong management of the historical resource. To optimize the data acquisition and the preliminary in-situ analysis of the results, we performed an electromagnetic survey using a multifrequency electromagnetic induction device (GEM-2) to have a first insight of the near surface electrical distribution. From 2D and 3D visualization of data, different targets were identified as possible historical structures. Around these anomalous zones, we performed different dipole–dipole profiles, forming high resolution grids for later 3D inversions. Further inversions of the electric and electromagnetic data completed the characterization of the anomalies. One of the main results of this work is that the 3D electric image obtained from 1D inversion of electromagnetic data coincides with the 3D images obtained from resistivity inversion, but at a much less time consuming cost. 相似文献
2.
A simple analytical solution is presented for computing direct current (DC) electric field distortion due to a small cube in a homogeneous half-space, measured with a dipole–dipole array on the surface. Both the transmitter and the receiver may have any orientation; furthermore their position on the horizontal surface and the depth of the cube can be freely selected. It is shown that a simple approximate analytical method may replace more complicated 3D numerical modelling algorithms.
The approximation lies in the linearization of the problem: the secondary source (i.e. the cube) is considered as a system of three perpendicular electric dipoles. In spite of this first-order approximation, in the case of realistic depths z ( z R ≈0.1–0.5, where R is the transmitter–receiver distance), this approximate solution fits very well with true 3D numerical modelling results, and with analogue modelling results if a R ≤0.1, where a is the length of the side of the cube. Due to its simplicity, this method could be used for computing DC field distortion effects, estimating parameter-sensitivities, or even determining some initial models for further inversions. 相似文献
The approximation lies in the linearization of the problem: the secondary source (i.e. the cube) is considered as a system of three perpendicular electric dipoles. In spite of this first-order approximation, in the case of realistic depths z ( z R ≈0.1–0.5, where R is the transmitter–receiver distance), this approximate solution fits very well with true 3D numerical modelling results, and with analogue modelling results if a R ≤0.1, where a is the length of the side of the cube. Due to its simplicity, this method could be used for computing DC field distortion effects, estimating parameter-sensitivities, or even determining some initial models for further inversions. 相似文献
3.
A validation experiment, carried out in a scaled field setting, was attempted for the long electrode electrical resistivity tomography method in order to demonstrate the performance of the technique in imaging a simple buried target. The experiment was an approximately 1/17 scale mock‐up of a region encompassing a buried nuclear waste tank on the Hanford site. The target of focus was constructed by manually forming a simulated plume within the vadose zone using a tank waste simulant. The long electrode results were compared to results from conventional point electrodes on the surface and buried within the survey domain. Using a pole‐pole array, both point and long electrode imaging techniques identified the lateral extents of the pre‐formed plume with reasonable fidelity but the long electrode method was handicapped in reconstructing vertical boundaries. The pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays were also tested with the long electrode method and were shown to have the least favourable target properties, including the position of the reconstructed plume relative to the known plume and the intensity of false positive targets. The poor performance of the pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays was attributed to an inexhaustive and non‐optimal coverage of data at key electrodes, as well as an increased noise for electrode combinations with high geometric factors. However, when comparing the model resolution matrix among the different acquisition strategies, the pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays using long electrodes were shown to have significantly higher average and maximum values within the matrix than any pole‐pole array. The model resolution describes how well the inversion model resolves the subsurface. Given the model resolution performance of the pole‐dipole and dipole‐dipole arrays, it may be worth investing in tools to understand the optimum subset of randomly distributed electrode pairs to produce maximum performance from the inversion model. 相似文献
4.
A combination of DC-resistivity sounding and profiling measurements can be used to obtain the maximum information about distribution of resistivities in the earth. Combined sounding-profiling measurements with the AMN, MNB arrays are considered. The resistivity data from such measurements can be presented as: (a) normal sounding curves, (b) combined sounding-profiling curves, (c) profiling curves, (d) pseudo-sections, or as transformations obtained by the so-called gradient processing, to emphasize the influence of the target objects. The examples chosen from numerical modeling and field tests show the efficiency of measurements with three-electrode arrays to accurately locate thin conductors and contacts of lithological units of different resistivities. An interpreted cross-section is compared with the results of other geophysical measurements (VLF-R, dipole EM, Δ, IP) showing good correlation. 相似文献
5.
Nikos G. Papadopoulos Myeong-Jong Yi Jung-Ho Kim Panagiotis Tsourlos Gregory N. Tsokas 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2010,70(3):192-205
Tumuli are artificially erected small hills that cover monumental tombs or graves. In this work, the surface three-dimensional (3D) Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) method, composed of dense parallel two-dimensional (2D) tomographies, was used to investigate the properties of the tumuli filling material and to resolve buried archaeological structures inside the tumuli.The effectiveness of the method was investigated by numerical modeling and through 3D inversion of synthetic apparent resistivity data. A resistivity model that simulates the inhomogeneous tumulus material and the tombs that are buried inside the tumulus was assumed. The Dipole–Dipole (DD), Pole–Dipole (PD), Pole–Pole (PP), Gradient (GRAD), Midpoint-Potential-Referred (MPR) and Schlumberger Reciprocal (SCR) arrays, which are suitable for multichannel resistivity instruments, were tested. The tumulus topography (pyramid or capsized cup) was incorporated into the inversion procedure through a distorted finite element mesh. The inversion procedure was based on a smoothness constrained Gauss–Newton algorithm in which the Active Constraint Balancing (ACB) method was also applied in order to enhance the least-squares resolving power and stability.Synthetic modeling showed that the different tumulus layers and the horizontal contact of the artificial tumulus material with the natural background soil were reconstructed by all of the tested electrode arrays. Generally, PD and the GRAD arrays comprise the optimum choices to investigate the subsurface properties of a tumulus and locate buried tombs. The MPR model was inferior to the GRAD model, while the DD, PP and SCR models had the poorest resolution. It was also shown that the inversion models are practically independent from the survey direction and the topography shape of the tumulus.The real field data collected employing the PD array along a small tumulus from the archaeological site of Vergina in northern Greece enhanced the synthetic modeling results. The inversion model outlined a number of archaeological structures that exhibit a high possibility to correlate with graves. Overall, this work signifies that the surface 3D ERT method can provide a valuable tool in the non-destructive archaeological exploration of tumuli. 相似文献
6.
Matrix equations are derived to transform the resistivity sounding data obtained in one type of a four-electrode array to the corresponding resistivity sounding data that would be obtained using a different four-electrode array. These expressions are based primarily on recent work in which we have established a linear relation between the apparent resistivity and the kernel function by using a powerful exponential approximation for the kernel function. It is shown that the resistivity sounding data of two different four-electrode arrays have a linear relation through an essentially non-singular matrix operator and, as such, one is derivable from the other for a one-dimensional model and it can also be extended to two-dimensions. Some numerical examples considering synthetic data are presented which demonstrates the efficiency of the method in such transformations. Two published field examples are also considered for transformation giving a reliable interpretation. 相似文献
7.
We evaluate the applicability and the effectiveness of the GPR attribute analysis for archaeological purposes and we test the attribute analysis on GPR data obtained in the river harbor area of the Aquileia Archaeological Park, NE Italy, where cultural heritage of the Roman imperial period is buried at different depths beneath a silty loam layer at an average depth not greater than 3–4 m. A multi-attribute approach is used to characterize the subsurface through several attribute categories, including instantaneous, section and volume attributes applied to quantities related not only to the reflection amplitude, but also to frequency and phase or other more complex parameters. The results allow the identification of different buried archaeological remains, from brick walls to isolated stone chunks also in a very complex environment characterized by several interconnected or superimposed archaeological remains. 相似文献
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9.
-- This work extends the results that Apparao et al. (1997a) obtained for a vertical resistive sheet to the case of inclined resistive sheet models for different electrode arrays. It is found that the depth of investigation (DI) remains the same as that for the vertical target. Using this DI, modified pseudo-depth sections have been constructed over sheet models at different inclinations. It is noted that, for the Wenner array, the maximum anomaly contours fall directly over the target cross section. For dipole-dipole and three-electrode arrays, these contours fall on the up-dip side of the dipping target, with the maximum anomaly contour matching the depth level of the top of the target. It is also observed that the target cross section is at a distance of about 0.33L (L/3) from the maximum anomaly value/contour position for the three-electrode array and 0.25L (L/4) for the dipole-dipole system. These features are identifiable in the individual profiles and may help field geophysicists in the recognition and location of dipping target bodies. 相似文献
10.
E. M. Abdelrahman K. S. Soliman E. R. Abo-Ezz K. S. Essa T. M. El-Araby 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2009,166(12):2021-2035
We have developed a new numerical method to determine the shape (shape factor), depth, polarization angle, and electric dipole moment of a buried structure from residual self-potential (SP) anomalies. The method is based on defining the anomaly value at the origin and four characteristic points and their corresponding distances on the anomaly profile. The problem of shape determination from residual SP anomaly has been transformed into the problem of finding a solution to a nonlinear equation of the form q = f (q). Knowing the shape, the depth, polarization angle and the electric dipole moment are determined individually using three linear equations. Formulas have been derived for spheres and cylinders. By using all possible combinations of the four characteristic points and their corresponding distances, a procedure is developed for automated determination of the best-fit-model parameters of the buried structure from SP anomalies. The method was applied to synthetic data with 5% random errors and tested on a field example from Colorado. In both cases, the model parameters obtained by the present method, particularly the shape and depth of the buried structures are found in good agreement with the actual ones. The present method has the capability of avoiding highly noisy data points and enforcing the incorporation of points of the least random errors to enhance the interpretation results. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(4):167-174
A new target-oriented parameterization scheme, named the object-based model, is suggested to represent man-made or natural targets as regular shapes embedded in a two-dimensional resistivity background. The numerical values of the target parameters (size, depth, location and resistivity) are estimated in three steps consisting of conventional regularized inversion, exclusion of anomalous regions and delineation of target bodies. The method produces sharp edges and sharp variation in intrinsic resistivity between the targets and background.The number of target objects is decided by the visual inspection of the 2D resistivity section derived from the application of a conventional cell-based regularized inversion. The 2D background is also extracted from the same section. A genetic algorithm approach is used at the final stage to test a large number of distinct models. Each test model consists of the same number of objects buried in the 2D background. The size, depth, location and resistivity of the targets are estimated from a class of models generated by the application of biological rules. The derived images of buried bodies have sharp edges and can then be understood by engineers and archeologists. However, if the hypothesis about the ‘conceptual model’ is very different from the geometry of the subsurface, the proposed approach will not be able to produce satisfactory results. 相似文献
12.
Electrical resistivity tomography to investigate geological structures of the earth's upper crust 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
It is important to have detailed knowledge of the electrical properties of the earth's crust in order to recognize geological structures and to understand tectonic processes. In the area surrounding the German Continental Deep Drilling Project (KTB), we have used DC dipole–dipole soundings to investigate the electrical conductivity distribution down to a depth of several kilometres. We have adapted the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technique, a well-established near-surface method, to large-scale experiments. Independent transmitting and receiving units were used to realize the concept of simultaneous multichannel registration of the scalar electrical potential at 44 dipoles. The measured data yielded apparent resistivities which were inverted to a 2D resistivity model ranging from the surface down to a depth of 4 km. Two highly conductive structures with steep inclination were detected. They are expected to be major fault zones embedded in a metamorphic body. The rather low resistivity ( ρ < 10 Ωm) can be explained by the existence of graphitic minerals and/or electrolytic fluids. 相似文献
13.
Assuming the minimum detectable anomaly to be 10%, depths of detection of a 2D vertical resistive sheet of thickness t are found to be 4.0t, 3.0t, 4.0t and 4.0t with Wenner, two-electrode, three-electrode and dipole-dipole (β-Wenner) arrays, respectively, when the array spread is in-line. On the other hand, the depths of detection obtained with a broadside spread of the arrays right over the sheet are much less and are correspondingly 2.5t, 2.0t, 2.5t and 2.5t. An increase in the depth extent W of the sheet from 10t to 20t does not increase its depth of detection with the arrays. The depths of detection of an infinitely resistive horizontal cylinder of radius R are respectively 1.5R, 1.8R, 2.0R and 2.0R with the above-listed arrays when the array spread is in-line. With broadside spread of any of the arrays, the depth of detection is seen to be 2.5R. In the case of a spherical target of radius R, the detection depths of any of the arrays are found to be small and to vary between 0.8R and 1.1R. Comparatively, the detection depths of resistive targets are much lower than those of conductive targets of the same size and shape, with any electrode array. Among all the arrays studied, the two-electrode array performs worst in the detection of resistive targets while it performs best in detecting conducting targets of limited lateral extent. In the case of a spherical target, either resistive or conductive, there is no distinct change in its detection depth with array. 相似文献
14.
Gökhan Karcioğlu Sabri Bülent Tank Aysan Gürer Elif Tolak Çiftçi Tülay Kaya Mustafa Kemal Tunçer 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2013,57(2):292-308
A magnetotelluric survey was performed at the Çatalca Region, west of Istanbul, Turkey with the aim of investigating geoelectrical properties of the upper crust near the Çatalca Fault and its vicinity. Broadband magnetotelluric data were collected at nine sites along a single southwest-northeast profile to image the electrical resistivity structure from surface to the 5 km depth. The dimensionality of the data was examined through tensor decompositions and highly two-dimensional behavior of the data is shown. Following the tensor decompositions, two-dimensional inversions were carried out where E-polarization, B-polarization and tipper data were utilized to construct electrical resistivity models. The results of the inversions suggest: a) the Çatalca Fault extends from surface to 5 km depth as a conductive zone dipping to southwest; b) the thickness of the sedimentary cover is increasing from SW to NE to 700 m with low resistivity values between 1–100 Ωm; c) the crystalline basement below the sedimentary unit is very resistive and varies between 2000–100000 Ωm; d) a SW-dipping resistivity boundary in the northeastern part of our profile may represent the West Black Sea Fault. 相似文献
15.
针对我国地震监测预报中固定地点和固定观测装置及参数的视电阻率观测,给出了半空间倾斜各向异性介质中电阻率对称四极观测的理论探测深度,研究了地震前兆信息的检测深度问题,得到：(1)在强地震、孕震晚期阶段,在震中区及附近可检测到地壳近地表较深部介质的电阻率变化,其深度大于或远大于均匀介质之;(2)震级、震中距、观测方向不同或在不同的孕震阶段,探测深度存在差异,甚至存在大的差异,且是动态变化的.并依据理论探测深度讨论了地震视电阻率前兆变化的复杂性、地电台址电性条件等问题. 相似文献
16.
Enzo Rizzo Alfonso Santoriello Luigi Capozzoli Gregory De Martino Cristiano Benedetto De Vita Daniela Musmeci Felice Perciante 《Surveys in Geophysics》2018,39(6):1201-1217
The use of geophysical methods in metrology is a significant tool within the wide research topic of landscape archaeology context. Since 2011, the Ancient Appia Landscapes Project aims to recognize dynamics, shapes and layout of the ancient settlement located along the Appia road east of Benevento, and cyclical elements and human activities that influenced the choice of landscapes. The integration of geophysical data with an archaeological infra-site analysis allowed us to investigate the area of Masseria Grasso, about 6 km from Benevento (Campania region, Italy). In this framework, an archaeogeophysical approach (Geomagnetic and Ground Penetrating Radar) was adopted for detecting anomalies potentially correlated with buried archaeological evidences. The geomagnetic results have given a wide knowledge of buried features in a large survey highlighting significant anomalies associated with the presence of buildings, roads and open spaces. These geophysical results permitted us to define the first archaeological excavations and, successively, a detailed Ground Penetrating Radar approach has been provided highlighting the rooms and paved spaces. The overlap between archaeological dataset and geophysical surveys has also allowed recognizing the path of the ancient Appia road near the city of Benevento and hypothesize the settlement organization of the investigated area, which has been identified with the ancient Nuceriola. 相似文献
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18.
E. M. Abdelrahman H. S. Saber K. S. Essa M. A. Fouda 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2004,161(2):399-411
We have developed a least-squares minimization approach to depth determination of a buried ore deposit from numerical horizontal gradients obtained from self-potential (SP) data using filters of successive window lengths (graticule spacings). The problem of depth determination from SP gradients has been transformed into the problem of finding a solution to a nonlinear equation of the form f(z)=0. Formulas have been derived for vertical and horizontal cylinders and spheres. Procedures are also formulated to estimate the electrical dipole moment and the polarization angle. The method is applied to synthetic data with and without random noise. Finally, the validity of the method is tested on two field examples. In both cases, the depth obtained is found to be in a very good agreement with that obtained from drilling information. 相似文献
19.
A quantitative interpretation method of self-potential field anomalies has been proposed. The method is designed and implemented for the estimation of center depth, electric dipole moment or magnitude of polarization, polarization angle, and geometric shape factor of a buried body from SP field data, related to simple geometric structures such as cylinders, spheres and sheet-like bodies. The proposed method is based on Fair function minimization and also on stochastic optimization modeling. This new technique was first tested on theoretical synthetic data randomly generated by a chosen statistical distribution from a known model with different random noise components. Such mathematical simulation shows a very close agreement between assumed and estimated model parameters. Being theoretically proven, it has been applied and tested on self-potential field data taken from the United States, Germany, India and Turkey. The agreement between results obtained by the suggested method and those obtained by other previous methods is good and comparable. Moreover, the depth obtained by this method is found to be in high accordance with that obtained from drilling information. 相似文献
20.
R. H. MERKEL 《Geophysical Prospecting》1971,19(4):626-639
Boundary-value problems in steady-state current flow were solved numerically for one and two layers over a half-space. Solutions were obtained for layers of various resistivities where one of the current sources was placed below the surface and the second kept at some finite distance from the drill hole. When a fixed surface dipole receiving pair was used, it was found that as the buried source approached a conductive region, quite good determinations of the depth to the conductor could be made, hence reducing the possibility of extended drilling in “dry” holes resulting from poor surface data and/or interpretation. Numerous models were generated to find the optimum positioning of the two current electrodes for different field situations of this type. It was also found that by placing a current source in the conductive region, better resolution of the lateral extent of a possible ore zone could be obtained, due both to the more rapid convergence of the apparent resistivity to the resistivity of the conductor, and the fact that a smaller separation in the receiving dipole could be used. Numerous analog models were constructed to verify the digital results. Surface and down-hole resistivity field data are compared to show the strength of this technique in delineating structure. 相似文献