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论海水养殖的养殖容量 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：28
养殖容量应是一个包含环境、生态和经济等诸多因素的综合概念。养殖容量可定义为：单位水体内在保护环境、节约资源和保证应有效益等各个方面都符合可持续发展要求的最大养殖量。合理地利用养殖容量就是要形成一个结构优化和功能高效的养殖生态系统,使所投入的物质得到反复循环、初级生产力得到多途径利用,从而提高生产效益和养殖效益,避免物质的浪费及自身和环境的污染。从养殖生态系统运转的驱动因素来分析,主要靠太阳辐射直接提供能源的系统,如海带养殖系统、扇贝筏式养殖系统等,可称为自养型或自然营养型养殖系统;主要靠人工投饲来提供能源的系统,如对虾池塘养殖系统、吃食性鱼类网箱养殖系统等,可称为异养型或人工营养型养殖系统。这两类养殖系统在生态学上有很多互补性,它们的复合可提高养殖水体的养殖容量。 相似文献
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漳浦前亭两个综合养殖虾池环境因子的变化及其养殖效益的对比研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
福建漳浦前亭综合养殖系统1^＃池的主养种为菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum)和池蚶（Tegillarca granosa),搭养种为日本对虾（Penaeus japonicus)和长毛对虾（Penaeus penicillatus).2^#池的主养种为菲律宾蛤仔，搭养种为日本对虾。1999年8月至2000年7月的周年跟踪调查结果表明：这两口综合养殖池9个水质理化因子（水温、透明度、盐度、氨氮、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氨、活性磷酸盐、pH值、化学需氧量）和2个沉积物指标（有机质、硫化物）的测值大多数符合养殖标准。1^＃池COD、有机质和硫化场的测值大多数比2^#池的低得多，这表明不同综合养殖系统的生态环境条件不同，养殖效益也不同。 相似文献
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多营养层次的综合养殖模式是近年提出的一种健康的可持续发展的海水养殖理念,近十年的研究与实践证实,该养殖模式在促进养殖产品持续高产、减轻养殖环境压力、提高养殖系统循环利用效率等方面具有显著作用。通过对现有资料的系统研究,梳理出我国多营养层次综合养殖模式的研究发展历程,结合中国海水养殖管理的实际情况,重点探讨了综合养殖模式在养殖用海管理上的应用意义,并分析了该模式未来主要发展趋势和目前应用推广所面临的障碍等,以期为进一步丰富多营养层次养殖模式的实践与应用提供理论与技术支撑。 相似文献
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海水养殖对沿岸生态环境影响的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
综述国际上海水养殖对沿岸环境影响的研究进展 ,并结合中国实际探讨减少养殖污染和海水养殖业可持续发展的途径。海水养殖主要通过有机物和营养物的排放、化学药物的使用、养殖动物的逃逸、红树林的破坏等途径对沿岸生态环境产生负面影响。为减小这一影响 ,认为应采取提高人工饲料的质量、单一养殖系统结构优化和复合养殖系统的结构优化、处理养殖排放水、海岸带综合治理等措施。 相似文献
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对虾与鱼、贝类封闭式综合养殖的实验研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
于1995－1999年采用陆基实验围隔法系统地研究了对虾与鱼、贝类封闭式综合养殖的基础问题，所选取的材料为中国对虾、台湾红罗非鱼、缢蛏与海湾扇贝，研究出了4种优化结构养殖模式。结果表明，4种模式的组成及各成分间生物量（收获前）的比值分别为：对虾的养殖效果都比同样条件下的对虾单养模式显著优越；其中最好的虾、鱼、贝三元综合养殖模式将产量提高了28％，投入氮的利用率提高了85％。同时采取封闭式的养殖方法，向浅海输出的氮只占养殖输入氮的6％－8％，从而显著降低了对浅海的污染。 相似文献
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贝藻混养技术在我国海水养殖中的应用与研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
贝藻混养技术是一种极有发展前途的养殖方式，对改善目前我国海水养殖中存在的水质污染严重、养殖品种生长缓慢等问题，具有十分积极的作用，从几十年来我国海水养殖中贝藻混养技术的发展、应用及研究现状等几个方面，综合论述了这一技术的优点和发展动态，为我国海水养殖业的进一步健康发展提供参考。 相似文献
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工厂化鱼类养殖智能系统的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为保证鱼类生长的环境始终处于最佳状态，作者根据狼鲈(Dicentrarchus labrar)的生理特点(耗氧率、氮的排泄率等)建立数学模型，并设计在工厂化水产养殖中采用生物转盘、臭氧(紫外线)消毒器等设备，构建在Windows2000 Visual Basic6．0下运行的环境调控软件包系统，通过计算机技术确定养殖污水处理设备(生物转盘)及增氧、消毒设备的数量及规格，将养殖环境控制在最佳状态。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献