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l IntroductionClassification pIays an imPOrtant role for rernotelysensed data tO be intngrated into gapraphical infOr-mation systems(GISs), and is increasingly comPut-eriZed with soPhisticated hardware and software(Cambell l987; Lillesand and Kiefer l994). Pnd-ucts Of classification are usua[ly represented in formof contiguous patches of pixels,with each being la-belled as belonging to a discrete and dominantclass. Such tyPe of classification is termed as crispor discrete. The accuracie… 相似文献
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提出了基于灰度-基元共生矩阵的遥感影像纹理分析的方法,分析了提取的纹理特征,实现了利用模糊C-均值算法对多光谱影像和纹理特征影像进行分类,比较和讨论了各种不同的分类结果. 相似文献
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模糊C均值聚类是一种经典的非监督聚类模型,成功地应用于遥感影像分类。但是该方法对初始值敏感,容易陷入局部最优解;同时聚类时仅考虑光谱信息,忽略了空间信息。本文提出了一种新的基于马尔科夫随机场的模糊C均值聚类方法,该方法把马尔科夫随机场和模糊C均值结合在一起。初始值依据第一主成分的密度函数确定,这样克服了对初始值的依赖性,又在聚类的时候考虑了空间信息。通过实例数据验证,所提出的方法分类精度优于传统的模糊C均值模型。 相似文献
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A. Kumar S. K. Ghosh V. K. Dadhwal 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2010,38(2):239-245
It may be quite important for resource management people to extract single land cover class, at sub-pixel level from multi-spectral
remote sensing images of different areas in single step processing. It has been observed, that neural network can be trained
to extract single land cover class from multi-spectral remote sensing images, but they have problems in setting various parameters
and slow during training stage. This paper present single land cover class water, extraction from mixed pixels present in
multiple multi-spectral remote sensing data sets of same bands of AWiFS sensor of Resoursesat-1 (IRS-P6) satellite from different
areas. In this work fuzzy logic-based algorithm, which is independent of statistical distribution assumption of data, has
been studied at sub-pixel level to handle mixed pixels. It has been found; possibilistic c-means (PCM) algorithm takes the
possibilistic view, that the membership of a feature vector in a class has nothing to do with its membership in other classes.
Due to this, it was observed that PCM can extract only one class, from remote sensing multi-spectral data and it has produced
93.7% and 97.1% overall sub-pixel classification accuracy for two different data sets of different places using LISS-III (IRS-P6)
reference data of same dates as of AWiFS data. 相似文献
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Liping Cai Wenzhong Shi Ming Hao Hua Zhang Lipeng Gao 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(12):2015-2022
An object-oriented change detection method for remote sensing images based on multiple features using a novel weighted fuzzy c-means (WFCM) method is presented. First, Gabor and Markov random field textures are extracted and added to the original images. Second, objects are obtained by using a watershed segmentation algorithm to segment the images. Third, simple threshold technology is applied to produce the initial change detection results. Finally, refining is conducted using WFCM with different feature weights identified by the Relief algorithm. Two satellite images are used to validate the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce uncertainties involved in using a single feature or using equally weighted features, resulting in higher accuracy. 相似文献
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Chengjie Zhu Shizhi Yang Qiang Zhao Shengcheng Cui Nu Wen 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2014,42(1):35-49
Fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm is a popular method in image segmentation and image classification. However, the traditional FCM algorithm cannot achieve satisfactory classification results because remote sensing image data are not subjected to Gaussian distribution, contain some types of noise, are nonlinear, and lack labeled data. This paper presents a robust semi-supervised kernel-FCM algorithm incorporating local spatial information (RSSKFCM_S) to solve the aforementioned problems. In the proposed algorithm, insensitivity to noise is enhanced by introducing contextual spatial information. The non-Euclidean structure and the problem in nonlinearity are resolved through kernel methods. Semi-supervised learning technique is utilized to supervise the iterative process to reduce step number and improve classification accuracy. Finally, the performance of the proposed RSSKFCM_S algorithm is tested and compared with several similar approaches. Experimental results for the multispectral remote sensing image show that the RSSKFCM_S algorithm is more effective and efficient. 相似文献
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基于PCM改进算法的遥感混合像元模拟分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
混合像元的存在是影响遥感图像分类精度的主要原因,模糊分类是进行混合像元分解的重要方法,其效果的好坏取决于各像元分类后对各类别的隶属度值能否准确地反映像元的类别组成。当非监督分类中的聚类数目与实际类别数目不符,或者监督分类中训练样本存在未训练类别时,常用的模糊c-均值(FCM)方法的效果将大大降低,而可能性c-均值(PCM)方法则可以解决这个问题。该文提出了基于PCM算法的遥感图像混合像元分解方法,并用监督分类方法实例说明PCM方法的优越性。 相似文献
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This paper describes an improved algorithm for fuzzyc-means clustering of remotely sensed data, by which the degree of fuzziness of the resultant classification is decreased as
comparing with that by a conventional algorithm: that is, the classification accuracy is increased. This is achieved by incorporating
covariance matrices at the level of individual classes rather than assuming a global one. Empirical results from a fuzzy classification
of an Edinburgh suburban land cover confirmed the improved performance of the new algorithm for fuzzyc-means clustering, in particular when fuzziness is also accommodated in the assumed reference data. 相似文献
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Land use/cover classification is a key research field in remote sensing and land change science as thematic maps derived from remotely sensed data have become the basis for analyzing many socio-ecological issues. However, land use/cover classification remains a difficult task and it is especially challenging in heterogeneous tropical landscapes where nonetheless such maps are of great importance. The present study aims at establishing an efficient classification approach to accurately map all broad land use/cover classes in a large, heterogeneous tropical area, as a basis for further studies (e.g., land use/cover change, deforestation and forest degradation). Specifically, we first compare the performance of parametric (maximum likelihood), non-parametric (k-nearest neighbor and four different support vector machines – SVM), and hybrid (unsupervised–supervised) classifiers, using hard and soft (fuzzy) accuracy assessments. We then assess, using the maximum likelihood algorithm, what textural indices from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix lead to greater classification improvements at the spatial resolution of Landsat imagery (30 m), and rank them accordingly. Finally, we use the textural index that provides the most accurate classification results to evaluate whether its usefulness varies significantly with the classifier used. We classified imagery corresponding to dry and wet seasons and found that SVM classifiers outperformed all the rest. We also found that the use of some textural indices, but particularly homogeneity and entropy, can significantly improve classifications. We focused on the use of the homogeneity index, which has so far been neglected in land use/cover classification efforts, and found that this index along with reflectance bands significantly increased the overall accuracy of all the classifiers, but particularly of SVM. We observed that improvements in producer's and user's accuracies through the inclusion of homogeneity were different depending on land use/cover classes. Early-growth/degraded forests, pastures, grasslands and savanna were the classes most improved, especially with the SVM radial basis function and SVM sigmoid classifiers, though with both classifiers all land use/cover classes were mapped with producer's and user's accuracies of ∼90%. Our classification approach seems very well suited to accurately map land use/cover of heterogeneous landscapes, thus having great potential to contribute to climate change mitigation schemes, conservation initiatives, and the design of management plans and rural development policies. 相似文献
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遥感图像最大似然分类方法的EM改进算法 总被引：35，自引：1，他引：35
基于参数化密度分布模型的最大似然方法（MLC）是遥感影像分类最常用手段之一，与其他非参数方法（如神经网络）相比较，它具有清晰的参数解释能力、易于与先验知识融合和算法简单而易于实施等优点。但是由于遥感信息的统计分布具有高度的复杂性和随机性，当特征空间中类别的分布比较离散而导致不能服从预先假设的分布，或者样本的选取不具有代表性，往往得到的分类结果会偏离实际情况。首先介绍了用基于有限混合密度理论的期望最大（EM）算法来作为最大似然函数（MLC）参数估计的方法－EM－MLC。该模型首先假设总体混合密度分布可被分解为有限个参数化的高斯密度分布，然后把具有先验知识的样本与随机选取的未知样本混合在一起，通过EM迭代计算来估计出各密度分布的最大似然函数的参数集，从而一定程度上避免了参数估计可能出现的偏离。最后，本文提出了基于EM－MLC遥感影像分类的具体实施流程和应用示范，并与一般最大似然方法（MLC）得到的分类结果进行了定性和定量的综合比较，认为EM－MLC在精度上得到了提高。 相似文献
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Fuzzy mapping of tropical land cover along an environmental gradient from remotely sensed data with an artificial neural network 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Remote sensing is the only feasible means of mapping and monitoring land cover at regional to global scales. Unfortunately
the maps are generally derived through the use of a conventional 'hard' classification algorithm and depict classes separated
by sharp boundaries. Such approaches and representations are often inappropriate particularly when the land cover being represented
may be considered to be fuzzy. The definition of boundaries between classes can therefore be difficult from remotely sensed
data, particularly for continuous land cover classes which are separated by a fuzzy boundary which may also vary spatially
in time. In this paper a neural network was used to derive fuzzy classifications of land cover along a transect crossing the
transition from moist semi-deciduous forest to savanna in West Africa in February and December 1990. The fuzzy classifications
revealed both sharp and gradual boundaries between classes located along the transect. In particular, the fuzzy classifications
enabled the definition of important boundary properties, such as width and temporal displacement. 相似文献
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Timothy G. Whiteside Guy S. Boggs Stefan W. Maier 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
The development of robust object-based classification methods suitable for medium to high resolution satellite imagery provides a valid alternative to ‘traditional’ pixel-based methods. This paper compares the results of an object-based classification to a supervised per-pixel classification for mapping land cover in the tropical north of the Northern Territory of Australia. The object-based approach involved segmentation of image data into objects at multiple scale levels. Objects were assigned classes using training objects and the Nearest Neighbour supervised and fuzzy classification algorithm. The supervised pixel-based classification involved the selection of training areas and a classification using the maximum likelihood classifier algorithm. Site-specific accuracy assessment using confusion matrices of both classifications were undertaken based on 256 reference sites. A comparison of the results shows a statistically significant higher overall accuracy of the object-based classification over the pixel-based classification. The incorporation of a digital elevation model (DEM) layer and associated class rules into the object-based classification produced slightly higher accuracies overall and for certain classes; however this was not statistically significant over the object-based using spectral information solely. The results indicate object-based analysis has good potential for extracting land cover information from satellite imagery captured over spatially heterogeneous land covers of tropical Australia. 相似文献
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An elliptical basis function (EBF) network is employed in this study for the classification of remotely sensed images. Though similar in structure, the EBF network differs from the well-known radial basis function (RBF) network by incorporating full covariance matrices and employing the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the basis functions. Since remotely sensed data often take on mixture-density distributions in the feature space, the network not only possesses the advantage of the RBF mechanism, but also utilizes the EM algorithm to compute the maximum likelihood estimates of the mean vectors and covariance matrices of a Gaussian mixture distribution in the training phase. Experimental results show that the EM-based EBF network is more effective in training and simpler in structure than an RBF network constructed for the same task.The research was supported by grant 40101021 from the Natural Science Foundation of China, and grant 2002AA135230 from Hi-Tech research and development program of China. The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments. 相似文献
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The Nature and Classification of Unlabelled Neurons in the Use of Kohonen's Self-Organizing Map for Supervised Classification 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Kohonen's Self‐Organizing Map is a neural network procedure in which a layer of neurons is initialized with random weights, and subsequently organized by inspection of the data to be analyzed. The organization procedure uses progressive adjustment of weights based on data characteristics and lateral interaction such that neurons with similar weights will tend to spatially cluster in the neuron layer. When the SOM is associated with a supervised classification, a majority voting technique is usually used to associate these neurons with training data classes. This technique, however, cannot guarantee that every neuron in the output layer will be labelled, and thus causes unclassified pixels in the final map. This problem is similar to but fundamentally different from the problem of dead units that arises in unsupervised SOM classification (neurons which are never organized by the input data). In this paper we specifically address the problem and nature of unlabelled neurons in the use of SOM for supervised classification. Through a case study it is shown that unlabelled neurons are associated with unknown image classes and, most particularly, mixed pixels. It is also shown that an auxiliary algorithm proposed here for assigning classes to unlabelled neurons performs with the same success as that experienced with Maximum Likelihood. 相似文献
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确定图像类别数是图像分割中的重要任务,在大多数分割算法中需由用户预先指定类别数。受地物目标及其分布的多样性、复杂性和未知性等因素的限制、对彩色遥感图像而言,人为确定其类别数非常困难。为此,提出了一种基于区域和统计的可变类分割方法,融合规则划分技术和R.JMCMC算法,利用规则划分将图像域划分成若干个规则子块,并假设每个规则子块内的像素服从同一独立的多值Gaussian分布;在此基础上南贝叶斯定理构建图像分割模型;利用ReversibleJump Markov Chain Monte Carlo(RJMCMC)算法模拟该模型,实现罔像类别数的自动确定及图像粗分割;为了进一步提高图像分割精度,设计精细化操作,对Worldview-2合成及彩色遥感图像和多光谱IKONOS图像进行可变类分割,实验结果表明,提出方法不仅能自动确定图像类别数,还可以较好地实现区域分割。本文方法较好地实现彩色遥感图像的可变类分割。 相似文献
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高光谱影像分类EM算法的完善 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在高光谱影像分类过程中,往往无法获取足够数量的训练样本,使得类别分布参数估值精度降低,并最终影响分类结果.EM方法为该类问题的解决提供了途径,但由于地面信息的复杂性及算法自身的原因,将其应用于高光谱影像的分类仍有许多待完善之处.文中叙述了该算法的完善策略,包括借助低通滤波器获得各参数更为合理的初值,以及如何克服噪声对该算法的影响.实验表明,经过完善的EM方法具有很强的适用性,可以获得精度更高的分类结果. 相似文献
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在高光潜影像的分类过程中，往往无法获取足够数量的训练样本点，这是由于影像数据维数的大幅增加以及地面信息的复杂程度所决定的。EM算法的应用可以有效地缓解训练样本点数量与数据维数比率过小的矛盾，但该算法只能保证获得各参数的局部极大估值，因此选取合适的起始点就成为获得理想分类结果的前提条件。由于类别可分性对EM算法的估值精度有直接影响，本文论证了通过对训练样本点进行低通滤波，可以使类别可分性得到改善。实验表明，在此基础上进行EM算法，可以得到较为理想的处理结果。 相似文献