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叠锥构造是纤维状矿物呈锥状嵌套分布的一类特殊沉积构造,自20世纪90年代以来一直是国际研究的热点,但中国对于叠锥构造的研究起步较晚,研究程度较低。文中详细总结了叠锥构造研究进展,并简要介绍了笔者于新疆托克逊凹陷、准噶尔盆地东部以及哈密盆地3处新发现的叠锥构造。叠锥构造的发育层系广泛,二叠纪末—三叠纪初以及三叠纪末—侏罗纪初发现的叠锥占绝大多数,揭示其可能与生物大灭绝有关;叠锥构造的形成环境较广,不能简单地将叠锥构造作为湖泊相或海相等的相标志。对新发现的叠锥构造初步分析后认为,叠锥构造为与生物(化学)作用有关的原生沉积构造,但对叠锥构造成因机制的深层次研究还需建立在叠锥构造纤维状矿物生长习性及其与形成环境和发育层系的耦合关系研究之上。 相似文献
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《古地理学报》2017,(6)
叠锥构造是纤维状矿物呈锥状嵌套分布的一类特殊沉积构造,自20世纪90年代以来一直是国际研究的热点,但中国对于叠锥构造的研究起步较晚,研究程度较低。文中详细总结了叠锥构造研究进展,并简要介绍了笔者于新疆托克逊凹陷、准噶尔盆地东部以及哈密盆地3处新发现的叠锥构造。叠锥构造的发育层系广泛,二叠纪末—三叠纪初以及三叠纪末—侏罗纪初发现的叠锥占绝大多数,揭示其可能与生物大灭绝有关;叠锥构造的形成环境较广,不能简单地将叠锥构造作为湖泊相或海相等的相标志。对新发现的叠锥构造初步分析后认为,叠锥构造为与生物(化学)作用有关的原生沉积构造,但对叠锥构造成因机制的深层次研究还需建立在叠锥构造纤维状矿物生长习性及其与形成环境和发育层系的耦合关系研究之上。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地东北部延安组叠锥沉积特征与古环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过野外露头实测、手标本观察、光薄片观察、X光衍射分析、电子扫描等方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部延安组第Ⅱ成因地层单元中的叠锥各方面的特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,叠锥整体呈结核状产出于暗色泥质岩中,泥质岩中发现丰富的20μm左右的炭化微生物化石,反映相对还原的沉积成岩环境。叠锥内部常可分为3层,中层为块状灰岩,上、下层由大小不等的、同轴或错落叠置的直圆锥组成。叠锥内部主要为纤维状方解石呈锥形套叠,纵切面上可见明显的"V"字型或"W"字型纹层,横切面上可见大小不等的同心圆状构造。上、下层位叠锥的锥顶均朝上,反映出类似叠层石的生长特征。综合分析认为,叠锥可能是由微生物和沉积作用联合作用形成的一种特殊的生物沉积构造;并推断出鄂尔多斯盆地东北部延安组第Ⅱ成因地层单元中的叠锥发育于由河流向湖泊过渡的浅水、沉积速率较低的环境中。 相似文献
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早期形成的碳酸盐结核在埋藏期间会经历多种碳酸盐矿物相沉淀的复杂胶结作用,岩石学研究是探究结核成因的关键。通过野外剖面观察、岩石学观察和阴极发光技术,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地渭北地区上三叠统延长组长7油层组泥页岩中各种形状的方解石和白云石结核中自生碳酸盐矿物的特征。这些结核为成岩早期的产物,构成结核的自生碳酸盐矿物特征显著:(1)球粒方解石结核中,方解石呈纤维状或刃片状,球粒间充填晶粒方解石或因压实呈贴面结合,纤维状方解石发桔红色和暗红色2种光,刃片状方解石发暗红色光;(2)粉晶方解石结核中,方解石呈他形粒状,含有机质包裹体或纤维状晶形残余,晶间含沥青和纤维状方解石残余,主要发暗红色光;(3)白云石结核有泥晶和粉晶2种晶体类型,粉晶白云石结核含较多泥质,泥质条带或有机质条带处常见纤柱状白云石;(4)沿裂缝充填的方解石和白云石常呈纤维状或纤柱状结构,发暗红色光或不发光。研究区长7油层组碳酸盐结核中的方解石和白云石具有不同的成因类型和复杂的胶结作用:球粒方解石和泥晶白云石代表了结核开始形成时的胶结作用,可以准确地反映结核的成因;粉晶方解石、粉晶白云石反映了交代成因;裂缝中纤维状、纤柱状方解石和白云石集合体则为结核经历了较强压实作用之后充填裂缝而成。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2020,(3)
渝东石柱地区志留系龙马溪组页岩地层发育特殊的纤维状方解石脉体。为揭示其流体来源及形成机理,结合岩石学及地球化学特征等开展系统分析。研究表明,纤维状方解石脉(FCV)以顺层或近平行层面充填于黑色粉砂质页岩和泥质粉砂岩微裂缝中,脉体宽0.1～4.0 cm、横向延伸一般为0.5～8.0 m。纤维状方解石晶体以柱状、纤维状垂直裂缝壁生长为主,多与石英共生产出。晶体表面洁净,局部见方解石压力影、机械双晶及晶体间锯齿状晶界。阴极发光下纤维状方解石呈暗红色-橘红色;碳-氧同位素分析表明δ~(13)C_(PDB)略偏负、δ~(18)O_(PDB)负异常明显(δ~(13)C_(PDB)、δ~(18)O_(PDB)平均值分别为-1.549‰及-12.654‰),指示其形成过程中受温度升高影响明显;流体包裹体均一温度平均值为159.5℃。结合区域构造-热演化史分析,结果表明石柱地区龙马溪组FCV形成流体具造山带同构造期超高压有机流体性质特征,为中-晚三叠世印支期同构造作用驱动深部流体叠加生烃超高压释放导致水力压裂所致,裂缝的开启导致孔隙流体的过饱和及纤维状方解石的快速沉淀。 相似文献
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在岩相、阴极发光分析基础上,对湖南茶陵盆地戴家坪组成壤钙质结核进行了碳、氧同位素测试,重建了该区晚白垩世古降水的氧同位素。分析结果显示,戴家坪组发育钙质古土壤,背景岩性以洪积扇环境下形成的副砾岩为特征;钙质结核主要由棕红色微晶方解石基质和浅红色方解石脉构成,前者的阴极发光呈微弱橘红色或不发光,后者发光呈明亮橘黄色;钙质结核的δ18O值（VPDB）介于-7.96‰~-11.35‰之间,δ13C值（VPDB）为-7.30‰~-8.24‰。综合方解石构成、阴极发光和氧同位素表明,钙质结核存在两期方解石沉淀作用。依据氧同位素分布特征,在样品CL-11C4的δ18O值（VPDB）中识别出2条大气方解石线（MCLs）,分别为（-9.04±0.18）‰和（-8.03±0.11）‰。进一步根据古纬度和地表温度,估算出茶陵地区晚白垩世晚期的大气降水δ18Ow值（VSMOW）为-5.76‰~-6.80‰,与北美近似纬度地区同期的降水一致,为白垩纪水文循环模型及古大气环流模拟提供了基础参考数据。 相似文献
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中国元古代碳酸盐岩微亮晶构造及形成的沉积环境约束 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
微亮晶构造(Microspar,Molar-Tooth Structure,简称MT)发育于全球各稳定克拉通的中、新元古代盖层碳酸盐岩中。微亮晶构造碳酸盐岩也发育于中国大部分地区的中、新元古代地层中。全球范围的中、新元古代微亮晶构造都表现显著一致的岩石学和沉积学特征。微亮晶构造呈肠状褶皱状等复杂形态。微亮晶由5~15μm的均匀、等粒状,规则或不规则多边形方解石或白云石组成。宿主沉积岩相岩石主要含有少量陆源碎屑物质的碎屑灰岩。微亮晶构造在阴极发光(CL)和背散射(BS)显微镜下显示,每个微晶方解石个体内部发育似棱形的晶核,其外为叠置的微晶方解石晶簇,说明微亮晶构造是围绕微晶核"增生"加大的集合体。微亮晶和宿主围岩电子探针测试表明,微亮晶Ca含量38%~40%,Mg、Al、Si、P、K、Fe含量小于0.2%,基质中粘土矿物含量和Si和Al的含量较高。微亮晶宿主岩相主要砂屑、粉屑和泥屑灰岩(白云岩)与含铁含泥灰质泥页岩,垂向岩相序列表现为向上变浅、变薄,其中频繁发育冲刷、充填和硬底(hardground)与压溶构造,以及平行层理,各种规模斜层理、波状层理-水平层理、粒序层理、同沉积揉皱构造和变浅与暴露构造等,反应了微亮晶构造碳酸盐岩的形成严格受沉积环境和微沉积岩相的约束,无一例外地发育于浅潮下带-潮上带(环潮坪)环境。微亮晶构造碳酸盐岩不仅是环潮坪沉积环境的指相标志,也是全球元古代时期特殊与重要沉积岩石类型,其形成受控于全球古地理和古海洋地球化学条件与背景,是中、新元古代时期全球变化的沉积记录,有益于全球对比和元古代古地理、大地构造重建。 相似文献
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川北地区寒武系筇竹寺组钙质结核裂缝充填物特征及指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
川北地区寒武系筇竹寺组钙质结核泥页岩中早成岩期钙质结核较发育,结核裂缝中见多期次矿物充填。为揭示钙质结核裂缝形成机理,本次结合岩石学特征及地球化学特征等开展系统研究。川北筇竹寺组钙质结核裂缝中见三~四期矿物充填。第一期微晶方解石表面较脏,阴极发光暗淡,δ13C_(PDB)、δ18O_(PDB)平均值分别为-4.26‰及-7.69‰;第二期为细—中晶粒状方解石充填,阴极发光为橘黄色,流体包裹体均一温度为平均值为86.4℃,δ13C_(PDB)、δ18O_(PDB)平均值分别为-3.15‰及-7.41‰;第三期为粗晶方解石充填阴极发光暗淡,流体包裹体均一温度平均值为96.6℃,δ~(13)C_(_(PDB))、δ~(18)O_(_(PDB))平均值分别为-1.73‰及-10.28‰;第四期为重晶石充填。结合区域构造史—热演化史分析表明,钙质结核裂缝中四期充填物分别指示早期脱水、烃源岩早成熟期生烃、加里东构造运动抬升释压及深埋藏期硫酸盐热还原作用事件。 相似文献
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LIU Guanglin LIU Xianyang MA Xiaofeng MA Shuang WANG Xiaofeng LI Shuo SHI Zhiqiang WANG Yanxin 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(5):1490-1502
To explore the genesis of the laminated calcite veins developed in the black shale of Chang 73 submember of the Ordos Basin, the petrology, microstructure and geochemistry of calcite veins are studied using thin sections, fluid inclusions, trace elements and isotopic geochemistry. The source, the time of formation, the mechanism of formation, and the dynamic background of the veins are discussed. The veins are mostly made up of calcite, mixed with lenticular or spindle-shape solid wall rock inclusions. Three structures are identified in the calcite minerals: fibrous, rhombic cleavage, and wedge-like structure. Trace elements and isotopes of carbon and oxygen confirm that the calcite veins were formed from a high density hydrothermal fluid. It is assumed that calcite veins formed prior to wall rock consolidation during the formation of the Qinling Orogenic Belt in the Middle and Late Triassic. The results show that the sedimentary sources of Chang 73 submember were influenced by hydrothermal materials besides terrigenous detritus. The fibrous calcite is different from the fibrous calcite reported in the morphology and mechanism of formation. In this way, the research complements and improves the morphology and the mechanism of formation of fibrous calcite. 相似文献
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A study of septarian concretions from late Cretaceous shale sequences of Texas and northern Mexico reveals complex burial-exhumation histories. First generation concretions and pre-fossilized moulds formed in silty clays before significant compaction occurred. Syneresis cracks developed and were filled by length slow fibrous calcite with a decrease in iron content toward the centre of each vein; in some cases this was succeeded by growth of equant or bladed calcite. Subsequent erosion of enclosing sediment caused collapse and break up of concretions, leaving fragments and some unbroken concretions exposed to encrustation and boring on the sea floor. These were subsequently buried and enclosed in a second generation of concretions, which also developed syneresis cracks. The calcite that filled these latter cracks was generally bladed (sometimes followed by equant calcite) and contains more iron toward the centre of the vein. Differences between the calcite filling first and second generation septarian veins indicates changing diagenetic regimes during burial in the marine environment, without a major shift in diagenetic conditions, such as the introduction of meteoric waters. These conclusions have significant implications to cementation in ancient limestones, which show textural and chemical sequences similar to those present in the septarian concretions described. 相似文献
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通过野外露头详细观察、薄片鉴定、X射线衍射分析、微量元素分析等技术,对大河沿地区塔尔朗组细粒沉积岩矿物成分、沉积构造、岩性岩相类型及沉积环境进行研究。结果表明:塔尔朗组细粒沉积岩矿物成分以石英和方解石为主,含少量长石及黏土矿物;沉积构造类型包括较强水动力下的粒序层理、小型交错层理、脉状层理以及静水环境下的纹层状构造;以颜色、矿物成分、沉积构造等因素为依据将细粒沉积岩划分为5种岩相,包括灰黑色薄层状混合细粒岩相、深黑色页状黏土岩相、灰黑色纹层状混合细粒岩相、灰色薄层状粉砂岩相、灰白色页状灰岩相;岩石类型包括碳酸盐岩类、细粒长英沉积岩类、细粒混合沉积岩类3种岩石类型。塔尔朗组细粒沉积岩沉积期温暖湿润,整体上属于还原的半咸水-咸水湖盆的产物。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT
Large septarian concretions from the Kimmeridge Clay, up to 1.2 m in diameter, have centres comprising anhedral calcite microspar passing into margins of radiating fibrous calcite microspar, with a pyrite-rich zone at the transition. Septarian veins formed and were lined with brown calcite synchronously with fibrous matrix growth, with white calcite precipitated in septarian cavities after concretion growth ceased. Septarian veins, filled only with white calcite, formed later, at the same time as the outermost calcite microspar crystals were enlarged.
The concretions were buried in the Late Jurassic to about 130 m, and in the Late Cretaceous to about 550 m, with uplift between. Oxygen isotopes show that the concretion grew throughout the first burial, with septarian veins forming from about 30 m depth onwards. Later septarian veins formed between about 200 and 500 m during the second burial.
Carbon isotopes show that the compact inner matrix grew in the sulphate reduction zone, the end of which is marked by the pyrite-enriched zone. Dissolving shells, and possibly minor methanogenic carbonate, slowly diluted sulphate reduction-zone carbonate during deeper burial. During early concretion growth, Mg and Sr were depleted in the pore water. During later stages of the first burial, Mg, Sr, Mn and Fe all increased, especially after concretion growth ceased. During the second burial, Fe, Mn and Mg decreased as calcite precipitated, implying relatively closed systems for these elements.
Synchronous formation of septarian fractures and fibrous calcite matrix shows that the Kimmeridge Clay became overpressured during the later stages of both burials. 相似文献
Large septarian concretions from the Kimmeridge Clay, up to 1.2 m in diameter, have centres comprising anhedral calcite microspar passing into margins of radiating fibrous calcite microspar, with a pyrite-rich zone at the transition. Septarian veins formed and were lined with brown calcite synchronously with fibrous matrix growth, with white calcite precipitated in septarian cavities after concretion growth ceased. Septarian veins, filled only with white calcite, formed later, at the same time as the outermost calcite microspar crystals were enlarged.
The concretions were buried in the Late Jurassic to about 130 m, and in the Late Cretaceous to about 550 m, with uplift between. Oxygen isotopes show that the concretion grew throughout the first burial, with septarian veins forming from about 30 m depth onwards. Later septarian veins formed between about 200 and 500 m during the second burial.
Carbon isotopes show that the compact inner matrix grew in the sulphate reduction zone, the end of which is marked by the pyrite-enriched zone. Dissolving shells, and possibly minor methanogenic carbonate, slowly diluted sulphate reduction-zone carbonate during deeper burial. During early concretion growth, Mg and Sr were depleted in the pore water. During later stages of the first burial, Mg, Sr, Mn and Fe all increased, especially after concretion growth ceased. During the second burial, Fe, Mn and Mg decreased as calcite precipitated, implying relatively closed systems for these elements.
Synchronous formation of septarian fractures and fibrous calcite matrix shows that the Kimmeridge Clay became overpressured during the later stages of both burials. 相似文献
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不同成因的钙质结核在研究沉积水体、早期成岩环境及泥页岩的压实程度方面具有重要意义。通过对川北地区旺苍县下寒武统筇竹寺组钙质结核抛光,发现结核内部具有层理、暗色圈层和张裂缝构造。结核和围岩的层理关系和具有漂浮状的微观结构特征表明,该地区结核是形成于压实作用之前的成岩早期结核。对结核中Al、Ti、Ca、K、Na元素分析表明,结核的元素分布受到结核内部裂缝的影响。结核内部富含生物碎屑和其形成深度为数十米的特征,推测结核主要是在硫酸盐还原带生长。结核具有暗色圈层之间层理不弯曲和元素移动的特征,揭示了结核为透入性生长,在整个结核生长阶段就开始大量同时结晶。Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca的比值说明,结核内部钙质成分为富镁方解石-生物成因方解石。结核中富含钙质成分的原因可能是围岩中的生物成因方解石大量向结核运移所致。裂缝的形态特征表明,裂缝为张裂缝。对结核上部地层的沉积特征研究表明,张裂缝的成因很可能与筇竹寺顶部的浊积岩和沧浪铺组底部的似瘤状灰岩快速搬运沉积有关。 相似文献
17.
根据上二叠统宣威组露头剖面、深部钻孔及采样测试分析,对四川沐川地区的沉积型铜矿进行了地质特征研究,结果表明,铜矿层为单层结构,矿层厚度0.45~1.53 m,铜矿石品位0.57%~0.76%.研究区铜矿属于潮坪环境的同生沉积矿床,矿石无热液或沉积改造现象,成矿物质来源于高铜背景值的峨眉山玄武岩.沐川地区沉积型铜矿成矿地质条件良好,找矿潜力巨大. 相似文献
18.
The geochemistry of concretions from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of southern and eastern England 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I. C. SCOTCHMAN 《Sedimentology》1991,38(1):79-106
Concretions from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation are of three types: calcareous concretions, septarian calcareous concretions and pyrite/calcite concretions and nodules, which occur within different mudstone facies. Isotopic and chemical analysis of the concretionary carbonates indicate growth in the Fe-reduction, sulphate-reduction and decarboxylation zones. The septarian concretions show a long and complex history, with early initiation of growth and development spanning several phases of burial, each often resulting in the formation of septaria. Growth apparently ceased in the transitional zone between the sulphate-reduction and the methanogenesis zones. Very early growth in the Fe-reduction zones is also seen in one sample. The non-septarian concretions began growth later within the sulphate-reduction zone and have had a simpler burial history while the pyrite/calcite concretions show carbonate cementation in the sulphate-reduction-methanogenesis transition zone. A ferroan dolomite/calcite septarian nodule with decarboxylation zone characteristics also occurs. Development of concretions appears to be indirectly controlled by the sedimentation rate and depositional environment, the latter determining the organic matter input to the sediments. Calcareous concretions predominate in swell areas and during periods of low sedimentation rate in the basins with poor organic matter preservation and deposition of calcareous mudstones. Pyrite/calcite concretions occur in organic-rich mudstones deposited under higher sedimentation rates in the basins, while the ferroan dolomite nodule grew under very high sedimentation rates. 相似文献