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1.
随着海上石油运输业和海洋石油工业的迅速发展,海上溢油事故频繁发生,造成了巨大的生态和经济上的损失,因此,实时监测溢油信息对灾害防控具有重要意义。本文基于多源SAR影像数据,开展了溢油遥感监测研究,构建了基于GIS的海洋溢油业务化监测系统。系统基于GDAL对原始数据进行解析,实现影像输入和几何校正等处理;在此基础上,封装多尺度图像分割算法和灰度对比度特征提取算法,对SAR影像数据进行分块、分割、溢油识别、合并及参数赋值等自动化处理,实现溢油信息提取的一键化处理;面向溢油监测应用需求,制作各类标准化产品,自动添加制图整饰要素、影像参数、溢油面积和溢油源等各类信息,并实时生成专题快报。 相似文献
2.
第21届国际摄影测量与遥感大会(ISPRS)于2008年7月在北京召开.大会共举办了10个大类275场次的学术交流活动,共收集论文全文1 881篇.其中应急服务空间数据集成主题共收录来自中国、加拿大、日本、德国、法国、意大利等9个国家的18篇会议论文,围绕应急服务信息快速获取、应急服务信息共享与互操作、应急服务决策支持系统、灾害情景分析、应急响应空问数据基础设施建设等方面展开了系统研究,这基本反映了该主题的研究现状和发展前沿. 相似文献
3.
海面溢油对海洋生态的影响具有频率高、范围广和危害大的特点。卫星遥感已成为海面溢油监测的重要手段。本文从海面油膜光谱特性出发,与常用的光学卫星传感器建立对应关系,根据对不同光学遥感卫星的空间分辨率、时间分辨率、幅宽和波段数等主要物理参数的对比分析认为,MODIS传感器和HJ-1卫星有较强的海面溢油监测能力。故此,采用MODIS、BJ-1、HJ-1和FY-3光学卫星影像,对2006年3月和2011年6月渤海海面溢油污染事故进行了遥感监测。MODIS遥感图像可以清晰反映出2006年和2011年这2次溢油污染事故中海面油膜信息,HJ-1卫星遥感影像则能反映出2011年溢油污染事故中海面油膜信息,而BJ-1和FY-3卫星遥感影像不能反映出海面油膜信息。HJ-1、BJ-1和FY-3卫星在波段设置上相似,但是,BJ-1和FY-3卫星不能反映出油膜信息,所以,本文进一步对这2次溢油事件中的MODIS遥感影像的油水光谱反差和海水光谱方差进行计算,并对结果进行比较分析,实验结果表明,当MODIS某一波段的海水光谱方差小于油水光谱反差时,则该波段可以显示出油膜信息;而当油水光谱反差小于或接近海水方差时,则不能反映出海面油膜信息。从波谱响应、空间分辨率和时间分辨率,以及监测实例中说明MODIS传感器有较强的海面溢油监测能力。 相似文献
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为坚决贯彻落实习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,全面落实党中央、国务院和浙江省委、省政府关于推进防灾减灾体制机制改革的意见,全省各级海洋主管部门以“不死人、少伤人、少损失”为根本宗旨,以浙江省海洋灾害防御三年行动方案为指导,创新工作机制和载体,压实主体责任,统筹整合资源,以海洋灾害复核与整治、风暴潮重点防御区划定与管理、海洋综合减灾县(市、区)和综合减灾社区建设为主要抓手,在全省沿海系统全面实施了海洋灾害应急防御三年行动(以下简称“三年行动”),为全面提升全社会海洋综合防灾减灾和应急响应能力,保障浙江省经济社会安全发展和可持续发展做出了积极贡献。 相似文献
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全球气候变化加剧了海洋环境灾害的影响力与破坏力,实时灾情信息获取与分析成为灾害应急处置中的关键环节。与具有延迟性的传统对地观测网络相比,基于互联网的众包地理信息以其实时性在受灾情况评估与灾害应急处置中得到广泛重视。为获取互联网文本中隐含的海洋环境灾害信息,探究灾害对人群行为活动的影响,本文着重关注海洋环境灾害发展的时空过程特性,从灾害链的角度分析灾害发生发展过程中所涉及的诸多要素,在收集整理海洋环境灾害相关知识的基础之上,采用五元组（概念、关系、属性、规则和实例）进行本体的逻辑结构表达,构建了用于信息抽取的海洋环境灾害链本体,其包含描述海洋环境灾害知识体系的海洋环境灾害本体、受到海洋环境灾害作用的地理对象本体以及在灾害发生、发展、结束的时空过程中产生的相应的人类应急处置本体。最后,本文以台风灾害为例,通过台风灾害链知识建模,实现互联网灾害信息抽取与时空变化过程分析。结果表明：基于海洋环境灾害链的互联网文本信息抽取可以获取隐藏在互联网文本中的灾害描述信息,能够分析灾害的发展变化过程及其对人群行为活动的影响,为灾害防治与应急救援提供一定科学支持。 相似文献
6.
引言二十一世纪是人类全面认识、开发利用和保护海洋的新世纪。《中国21世纪议程》把海洋资源的可持续开发与保护作为主要行动方案领域之一,提出“要建立可持续利用海洋资源的综合管理体系,及海洋生态系统监测与保护体系和环境预报服务体系,我国拥有约300万平方公里的海洋国土。在我国陆上资源越来越匾乏,生存发展空间潜力愈来愈小的情况下,海洋提供了广阔的发展空间和丰富的资源。所以建立一个较为完善的实用性的海洋决策支持系统非常必要。 相似文献
7.
随着对地观测技术的发展,地学传感器种类与数量日益增加,为了高效管理对地观测传感网中的传感器资源,以及分析对地观测应急事件的特点和传感器应急观测规划的需求,本文提出面向应急观测规划的对地观测传感器资源集成管理方法。其包括对地观测传感器信息资源组织与索引、天基传感器对地观测覆盖计算、面向应急协同观测的元数据查询设计。鉴此,本文以Java平台和传感网信息模型规范SensorML为基础,设计并实现了面向应急观测规划的对地观测传感器集成管理工具GeoSensorQuery。最后,以长江流域中游洪涝监测传感器规划为例,验证了本文方法的可行性。 相似文献
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突发事件的突然性和发展过程的不确定性,要求在限定的时间内,将足够的应急资源配送到合适的应急处置空间位置。本文构建了一个多源点多目标应急资源调度模型,该模型以最短应急处置时间为规划目标,以应急资源运输和应急工程构建时间之和必须小于污染物扩散到应急处置空间位置的时间、多个应急资源仓库综合调度资源数量必须满足处置需求为约束条件;在应急资源出库和装卸时间一定的情况下,根据污染物沿河流扩散的动态过程,运用Dijkstra算法实时选择应急资源配送的最优路径,计算各个仓库所需调度各类资源数量以及资源到达应急处置空间位置所需的时间;最终导出一个策略方案,并根据应急资源到达处置位置所用的时间与污染物扩散到该点的时间之比,评估该方案的决策风险。以突发六价铬污染为研究案例的实验结果表明：该模型能够验证各个应急处置空间位置能否作为应急处置点,获得应急处置空间位置最合理的应急资源调度方案、应急车辆动态的最优路线以及各应急处置点资源调度方案的决策风险评估结果,从而提高应急管理的决策效率,降低决策风险,该模型在救灾、溃坝等其他类似领域也具有一定适用性。 相似文献
9.
《资源导刊(河南)》2018,(11)
正近日,洛阳市国土资源局围绕突发事件对应急测绘保障的要求,结合本市特殊的地理环境和测绘技术队伍现状,整合利用全市测绘资源,研究制订了《洛阳市测绘地理信息应急保障预案》(以下简称《预案》),有效提高了测绘应急保障能力。该《预案》明确了洛阳市测绘地理信息应急保障的核心任务是为全市应对自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件、社会安全事件等突发公共事件,高效有序地提供区域测绘成果资料、基础地理信息数据、 相似文献
10.
《国土资源》2005,(6)
我国最大规模海洋调查工作全面展开新中国成立以来我国最大规模的海洋综合调查与评价工作——“我国近海海洋综合调查与评价”专项日前已全面启动,专项的实施将为海洋经济可持续发展、海洋管理、海洋生态环境保护和海洋减灾防灾提供基础数据和科学依据。专项包括近海海洋综合调查、近海海洋综合评价、“数字海洋”信息基础框架构建三项基本内容,是新世纪我国海洋事业发展和摸清海洋“家底”的一项基础性工作,旨在初步查明我国近海海洋环境的基本状况,更新近海海洋环境、海洋灾害、海洋可再生资源和海洋开发利用的基础资料和数据,基本掌握我国近海海洋环境和资源“家底”,以及海洋开发利用状况、海洋生态环境状况和变化趋势;了解和掌握国家实现可持续发展需要海洋提供的支撑和保障条件,包括海洋可提供的承载能力、海洋资源环境和生态基础状况、海洋可持续利用能力以及海洋为解决粮食、水资源、能源等问题可提供的潜力。从2004年到2009年实施的专项调查初步计划投入经费近20亿元,调查范围将涉及67.6万平方公里的我国内水、领海和部分领海毗连海域。 相似文献
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The ability of cell to modulate the fluidity of plasma membrane was crucial to the survival of microorganism at low temperature. Plasma membrane proteins, fatty acids and carotenoids profiles of Antarctic psychrophilc yeast Rhodotorula sp. NJ298 were investigated at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. The results showed that plasma membrane protein content was greater at -3 ℃ than that at 8 ℃, and a unique membrane polypeptide composition with an apparent molecular mass of 94.7 kDa was newly synthesized with SDS-PAGE analysis; GC analysis showed that the main changes of fatty acids were the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (C18∶ 1 and C18∶ 2) and shorter chain saturated fatty acid (C10∶ 0) increased along with the decrease of the culture temperature from 8 ℃ to -3 ℃; HPLC analysis indicated that astaxanthin was the major functional carotenoids of the plasma membrane, percentage of which increased from 54.6±1.5% at 8 ℃ to 81.9±2.1% at -3 ℃. However the fluidity of plasma membrane which was determined by measuring fluorescence anisotropy was similar at -3 ℃, 0 ℃ and 8 ℃. Hence these changes in plasma membrane's characteristics were involved in the cellular cold-adaptation by which NJ298 could maintain normal plasma membrane fluidity at near-freezing temperature. 相似文献
13.
《极地研究(英文版)》2014,(4)
正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprehensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose 相似文献
14.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(4)
<正>Copyright Submfnion of a roanusatpt inks:that the work described has not been published before(exoept In the form of an abstrW or as part of a published lecture,review,or thesis);that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere that its publication has been approved by ail 相似文献
15.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(6)
<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fieldcovered include the physical,chemical,biological,geo- 相似文献
16.
Massimo GRECO 《山地科学学报》2014,(6):1383-1384
<正>The 35th IAHR World Congress was held in Chengdu,China from September 8 to September 132013.The title of the conference was:"The Wise Finds Pleasure in Water:Meandering through Water Science and Engineering".During the congress,1239 papers were presented in 139sessions for oral presentations and 7 sessions for poster presentations.After the Congress,a Committee was appointed to select some of the best papers presented at the Congress for publication,after a 相似文献
17.
As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m. 相似文献
18.
Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area. 相似文献
19.
Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter. 相似文献
20.
正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a 相似文献