共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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GNSS海面反射信号的建模对全球导航卫星系统反射测量(Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry,GNSS-R)遥感应用具有重要意义.针对海面GNSS反射信号建模问题，本文采用Z-V模型研究了GNSS反射信号的时延一维相关功率和时延-多普勒二维相关功率特征，分析了不同风速下一维相关功率的变化情况，讨论了时延间隔和多普勒间隔对时延-多普勒图(delayDoppler map,DDM)的影响.数值结果表明：海面GNSS反射信号的相关功率对海面风速具有敏感性，在DDM波形仿真中，应选择合适的时延与多普勒间隔参数.该模型可模拟不同海况下海面GNSS反射信号的相关功率，为GNSS-R反射信号模拟及海洋遥感应用提供理论模型支撑. 相似文献
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世界卫星海洋遥感三十年 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
全面扼要地介绍30a来世界卫星海洋遥感所取得的主要成就及主要海洋卫星探测器的技术性能,重点介绍海洋遥感——海洋水色、海面地形、海面风场以及波浪、溢油和海冰监测等方面的技术进步和应用研究进展。 相似文献
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GNSS遥感研究与应用进展和展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
全球导航卫星系统遥感(GNSS remote sensing)属卫星导航应用与遥感的一个交叉学科范畴。GNSS系统除传统的导航、定位、授时等功能外,可免费提供全球覆盖、高时间分辨率的L波段(1—2 GHz)微波信号用于遥感探测。继GNSS折射信号被率先用于地震、大气水汽等的探测以来,利用GNSS反射信号进行海洋、陆表参数估算,近年来成为国际GNSS应用研究前沿热点。随着中国自主北斗导航系统的蓬勃发展,将会为GNSS遥感带来新的发展契机和空间。本文从GNSS遥感的两个重要学科分支,即GNSS折射信号遥感(GNSS refractometry)和GNSS反射信号遥感GNSS-R(GNSS Reflectometry),回顾在这一交叉学科领域近几十年的发展,并简要分析GNSS遥感发展面临的机遇与挑战。 相似文献
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SAR海洋内波表层流反演方法探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于海洋内波SAR成像机理与M4S海面微波散射成像模型,提出SAR海洋内波表层流反演新方法。首先从SAR图像上获得内波剖面的海面后向散射强度,利用AH理论的线性近似关系得到猜测表层流,通过海面微波散射成像模型仿真海洋内波的SAR海面后向散射强度,利用二分法不断地修改风速和流速梯度等参数,使仿真信号最大程度的逼近实际SAR图像上的海面后向散射强度,输出最终海表层流。以中国南海海区3景海洋内波SAR图像为例,对该方法进行了探讨。结果表明,仿真的海洋内波SAR海面后向散射强度剖面和实际SAR图像上的信号剖面吻合,两者的相关系数达90%以上,说明该反演方法是收敛与可行的。 相似文献
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全球导航卫星系统反射测量(GNSS+R)最新进展与应用前景 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)具有全天候、近实时、高精度的特点,可持续发射L波段信号,广泛应用于定位、导航和授时(PNT)。随着GNSS技术的发展,最近GNSS反射信号可探测地球表面特征,即GNSS反射测量(GNSS+R)。结合GNSS接收机天线位置和介质信息,利用延迟测量值可以确定表面粗糙度和表面特性。GNSS+R作为当前GNSS和遥感领域的研究热点,取得了一些研究进展和成果。本文详细介绍了GNSS+R原理和方法及其最新应用进展,包括各种GNSS+R技术手段和方法,以及海洋、陆地、水文、植被和冰雪等遥感应用,特别是最新BeiDou-R和TDS-1研究进展。最后给出了GNSS+R应用前景和展望,包括多GNSS系统、GNSS+R接收机、GNSS+R卫星计划和新兴应用等。 相似文献
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基于GNSS-R的海面风场监测系统研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为全面获取海面粗糙度信息,实现导航卫星反射信号高精度风场反演,在给出海浪谱及散射信号相关功率模型基础上,通过对海面时延一维、时延/多普勒二雏信息采样方式进行分析和仿真,验证了散射信号相关功率Z-V模型.仿真结果表明,时延/多普勒二雏采样方式能全面反映海面粗糙度信息.以此为理论依据设计完成了基于二维信息获取的多普勒延迟映射接收机,阐述了接收机的硬件组成及工作原理,分析了多普勒串行码片并行的数据处理模式,为导航卫星反射信号的海面散射功率获取提供了可靠方式. 相似文献
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《测绘科学》2020,(6)
针对地表物体反射信号引起的多路径效应是影响GNSS定位精度的重要误差源的问题,该文采用GNSS静态观测数据中的信噪比反演水面高度的方法,对水面高度进行反演,从而实现对水面高度变化的实时监测。为了验证水位反演的精度,利用平静湖面及海面上的GNSS静态观测数据,提取卫星高度角0～30°区间的卫星信噪比。采用二阶多项式拟合的方法去除趋势项,并利用Lomb-Scargle方法进行频谱分析,获取反射信号频率,从而反演天线相位中心到水面的垂直距离,进而确定GNSS-R技术反演水面高的能力。实验结果表明:GNSS-R技术在平静水面上的反演精度为厘米级,在海面上为分米级。因此,利用GNSS反射信号中的信噪比可以实现对水面高度的实时监测。 相似文献
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遥感监测墨西哥湾溢油目标识别算法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了及时监测溢油事故相关信息,防止污染扩张,该文利用2010年4月29日、5月17日及5月24日3个时相的中分辨率MODIS数据,以2010年发生的墨西哥湾溢油事故为例进行目标提取与识别。提取算法考虑到油膜和背景海水易混分的现象,采用了辅加纹理特征量的光谱角匹配算法进行油膜提取;同时,对比了常用的最小距离和支持向量机分类方法;并基于混淆矩阵对结果进行精度验证。结果显示,改进的光谱角匹配算法可以更准确地提取海面目标,精度高达90%以上,能够较好地监测出大面积溢油,可以用于海面溢油灾害的动态监测。 相似文献
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为有效利用简缩极化SAR进行海洋溢油检测,本文基于简缩极化特征值分析,提出了3个用于简缩极化溢油检测的参数,引入了基于简缩极化特征值分解的简缩极化熵Hc(Compact Polarization Entropy)、简缩极化比参数PFc(Compact Polarization Fraction)、简缩极化基准高度PHc(Compact Polarization Pedestal Height)特征进行海洋溢油检测。海表的散射类型主要为低熵散射(小粗糙面发生的Bragg散射),为弱去极化、弱散射过程随机性状态,由于溢油会阻尼海水的Bragg散射,使其熵值变高、呈去极化、强散射过程随机性状态,故简缩极化熵、简缩极化比参数和简缩极化基准高度可以用来检测海洋溢油。本文采用C波段的Radarsat-2、SIR-C/X-SAR数据进行了实验,结果表明:简缩极化熵、简缩极化比参数和简缩极化基准高度能够有效抑制疑似溢油,使海水与疑似溢油差异变小;突出溢油区域,使海水与溢油的可区分性变大。 相似文献
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Effective and efficient monitoring of oil spills that originate from ships, offshore platforms and any accidents are of immense importance from the viewpoint of public safety and environmental protection. Detection of spilled oil is also essential to estimate the potential spread and drift from the source to the nearby coastal areas. In this regard, utilization of SAR data for the detection and monitoring of oil spills has received considerable attention in recent times, due to their wide area coverage, day-night and all-weather capabilities. In this paper, two oil spills incidents along the coast of Mumbai, India are investigated; (1) The 2010 oil spill that occurred after the MV MSC Chitra and MV Khalijia-3 collided and (2) the oil spill caused due to sinking of MV RAK carrier in 2011. Two simple and relatively quick approaches for oil spill detection have been applied to VV polarized Radarsat-2 imagery of the incidents and a comparison is made of the results obtained. The first approach utilizes the oil spill detection tool of Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) and the second explores texture analysis using Grey Level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The results of the study show that texture analysis proves to be an efficient method for oil spill detection as compared to the SNAP oil spill detection tool. Nevertheless, both the proposed methodologies are useful for detection of oil spills and for subsequent utilization of the results, timely and cost effectively, for the calibration and validation of numerical models that predict oil spill dispersion trajectories. 相似文献
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海洋溢油与烃渗漏是资源与环境遥感关注的重要方向之一。光学遥感在该领域的理论与应用研究表明:(1)光学遥感探测的分类目标已经明确,即溢油污染形成的海面油膜、黑色浮油与油水混合物,海底烃渗漏形成的海面油膜与近海表大气碳氢化合物气体异常;(2)这些目标对入射光具有不同的光学作用过程(如反射、吸收、散射、干涉等),会产生不同的光学响应特征,是光学遥感识别、分类与定量估算的理论基础;(3)在实际应用中,目标介质面(不同类型、折射率与粗糙度的油面与海面)的菲涅尔反射差异,有利于目标探测的同时,也给目标识别分类与定量估算带来诸多不确定性影响。光学遥感技术在本领域的应用特点与优势逐渐清晰,但依然面临巨大的挑战,今后的研究趋势也主要集中于以下几个方面:光学传感器的可探测性,典型目标的光学响应特征,定量遥感模型与参数查找表,目标的光谱与空间尺度响应,实地测量等。随着研究的深入,光学遥感技术必能以新的视角为海洋溢油与烃渗漏目标的实时监测、识别分类与定量评估提供更好的解决方案。 相似文献
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Konstantinos Topouzelis Vassilia Karathanassi Petros Pavlakis Demetrius Rokos 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):179-191
Radar backscatter values from oil spills are very similar to backscatter values from very calm sea areas and other ocean phenomena. Several studies aiming at oil spill detection have been conducted. Most of these studies rely on the detection of dark areas, which have high Bayesian probability of being oil spills. The drawback of these methods is a complex process, mainly because non-linearly separable datasets are introduced in statistically based decisions. The use of neural networks (NNs) in remote sensing has increased significantly, as NNs can simultaneously handle non-linear data of a multidimensional input space. In this article, we investigate the ability of two commonly used feed-forward NN models: multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) networks, to classify dark formations in oil spills and look-alike phenomena. The appropriate training algorithm, type and architecture of the optimum network are subjects of research. Inputs to the networks are the original synthetic aperture radar image and other images derived from it. MLP networks are recognized as more suitable for oil spill detection. 相似文献
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Maged Marghany Arthur P. Cracknell Mazlan Hashim 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2009
This paper introduces a modified formula for the fractal box counting dimension. The method is based on utilization of the probability distribution formula in the fractal box count. The purpose of this method is to use it for the discrimination of oil spill areas from the surrounding features, e.g., sea surface and look-alikes in RADARSAT-1 SAR Wide beam mode (W1) and Standard beam mode (S2) data have been collected under different wind speeds. The results show that the new formula of the fractal box counting dimension is able to discriminate between oil spills, look-alike areas and pixels of the size of a single ship. The W1 mode data illustrate an error standard deviation of 0.05, thus performing a better discrimination of oil spills as compared to S2 mode data. We conclude that automatic detection and discrimination of oil spill and other sea surface features can be opertionalized by using the new formula for fractal box counting. 相似文献
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结合逻辑回归方法和元胞自动机模型构建了逻辑回归CA模型,模型中的逻辑回归方法能够很方便地获取影响因子的权重,再设置起止条件等,便可以模拟出溢油的动态变化情况。把模型应用到Deep Spill项目的溢油模拟实验中,结果表明,从模型结果的形态看,模拟结果与检验结果吻合程度较高,能够很好地模拟出溢油扩散与漂移等重要的溢油特性。从统计分析中可知,模拟结果的总精度可达96.8%,Kappa系数达到0.834。 相似文献
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Maged Marghany 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2017,45(3):503-511
In this work, the genetic algorithm is utilised for automatic detection of oil spills under wind speed conditions larger than 20 ms?1. The procedure is implemented using sequences of RADARSAT-2 SAR ScanSAR Narrow single beam data acquired in the Gulf of Mexico. The study demonstrates that implementing crossover allows for generation of accurate oil spills pattern. This conclusion is confirmed by the receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The ROC curve indicates that the existence of oil slick footprints can be identified with the area under the ROC curve and the no-discrimination line of 85 %, which is greater than that of other surrounding environmental features. In conclusion, the genetic algorithm can be used as a tool for the automatic detection of oil spills and the ScanSAR Narrow single beam mode serves as an excellent sensor for oil spill detection and surveying under wind speed larger than 20 ms?1. 相似文献
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Jin Xu Peng Liu Haixia Wang Jingjing Lian Bo Li 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(12):1949-1961
Marine radar oil spill monitoring technology has the advantages of wide-range target detection, a flexible working mode, and the ability to operate in severe weather. Based on oil spill data collected from the 7.16 accident in Dalian, China, two comprehensive oil spill monitoring methods using X-band horizontal polarized marine radar are presented. The improved Prewitt operator, Otsu algorithm, median filtering, and mean filtering were used to preprocess the original marine radar image. Subsequently, the recognition of offshore oil films were studied via the dual-threshold method and C–V level set method. Results show that the image data achieved the ideal noise reduction effect after pretreatment, and retained marine radar ocean wave information effectively. The C–V level set method required relatively lower levels of data preprocessing. However, it relied heavily on the energy-driven window by expert presupposition. It was therefore only suitable for obtaining continuous oil film information. Its calculation efficiency was related to the number of evolutions and the size of the image. The dual-threshold method required higher data preprocessing. Furthermore, the effective monitoring range of ocean waves must be determined in advance. This method could identify discrete oil film information at sea and had high computational efficiency. The dual-threshold method is better for the automatic identification of marine oil film information. The two kinds of monitoring methods described herein are useful for the identification and disposal of oil spills at sea. 相似文献
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A polarimetric model to relate the degree of polarization, DoP, to the sea surface scattering with and without oil slicks, under low-to-moderate wind conditions, is proposed. DoP, measured directly from the Mueller scattering matrix, is shown to be a reliable measure of the departure from Bragg scattering; a phenomenon that, under low-to-moderate wind conditions, occurs when an oil slick is present. Following this theoretical rationale, a simple filter is developed to observe oil slicks in quad-polarimetric full-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Experiments, undertaken on a meaningful set of quad-polarization Single Look Complex (SLC) C-band RADARSAT-2 SAR data, where both well-known oil slicks and a weak-damping look-alike are in place, demonstrate the soundness of the model and its effectiveness from an operational viewpoint. 相似文献