共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
利用二维非静力数值模式,对海洋跃层中剪切背景流下内波做了线性和非线性模式的数值试验,结果表明:在本文所取的初始场和环境参数下,海洋内波密度扰动大值中心始终出现在密度跃层附近,被跃层所俘获,这与实际观测相一致;线性情况下,流函数扰动中心与密度扰动中心有很好地配合,密度扰动正、负中心附近分别存在流函数扰动的正、负单圈环流中心,且单圈环流垂直贯穿整个水体。线性模式中内波扰动强度在调整适应期后一直呈指数增长发展,剪切背景流是不稳定的;而非线性情况则呈准线性增长发展,以后增长停止而进入稳定期,且后者的增长也比前者要慢;非线性效应抑制了内波增长而使之趋于稳定,具有维稳作用。随着积分时间增加,线性模型中内波波包波形基本不变。波包的负、正振幅大体相同,整个波包宽度也基本不变,仅振幅有所增长;内波波包传播速度与其振幅无关,且传播速度基本不变。非线性情况下内波波包的形状则发生改变,其负、正振幅之比越来越大,波峰前的陡降也越来越强;并且内波传播速度与其振幅和波形有关,通常非线性效应越强,内波传播越慢。从本文中海洋内波的波长、周期和传播速度来看,该内波属于高频内波(短周期内波),性质为内重力惯性波。 相似文献
2.
《海洋预报》2016,(3)
采用求解特征值的方法,探讨了剪切背景流所导致的短波长海洋内波的失稳问题,并给出了其流场结构和传播情况。按照失稳内波波阵面的法向与背景流流向夹角的不同,海洋内波不稳定可分为横波不稳定(夹角为0°),对称不稳定(夹角为90°)和斜交不稳定(任意夹角)3种情况,此时不稳定内波的流场呈现多种形态。对最不稳定流场而言,对称不稳定的流场形态呈现单圈环流的倾斜对流形态,而横波不稳定和斜交不稳定的流场形态则有猫眼结构出现。对于横波不稳定和斜交不稳定内波,最不稳定内波与次不稳定内波两者的流场分布几乎互为镜像。相应于本文的短波长内波,横波不稳定和斜交不稳定的内波均为高频内波,对称不稳定内波不传播,而仅在原地增长。相同参数下垂直方向结构最简单的对称不稳定内波其增长率最大。 相似文献
3.
基于海洋动力方程的内重力惯性波数学模型给出其数值求解方法,并对沿垂直切变背景流传播的海洋内重力惯性波的不稳定做了探讨,得到的结论有:在不考虑海底地形和采用刚盖近似的条件下,在稳定层化海水中,当背景流为常数时,海洋内重力惯性波均是稳定的。在较弱的稳定层结下,具有垂直切变的背景流会导致海洋内重力惯性波的不稳定。该不稳定内波的增长率对其波长具有选择性并可有短波截断。增长率最大处出现在波长为几十公里的范围内。对固定的内波波长,背景流垂直切变越强则其最大增长率越大;若此时有多个不稳定模态,则增长率最大的模态其垂直结构最简单。该不稳定内波流函数的结构在垂直方向大体呈单圈环流形态,环流中心可以是一个,也可以是2个,后者则呈"猫眼"结构。 相似文献
4.
采用Boussinesq近似,研制了准三维、非线性、非静力的斜压数值模式。利用该模式做了背景流与海底地形对高频海洋内波影响的数值试验。本文得到的主要结论有:各数值试验初始1小时内,有适应过程,并最终形成垂直方向为单圈环流的海洋内波波包;以后进入海洋内波的演变过程,并在非线性作用下形成椭圆余弦波波包,并向孤立内波演变。当无背景流时,地形会激发出两支传播方向相反的海洋内波波包,水深大处波包传播较慢。当存在定常背景流时,在其与地形共同作用下,在地形处会激发出较强的内波波包,若地形足够陡峭,则内波波包截陷于该陡峭处,造成该处强烈的垂直运动。背景流随时间的变化会对在台阶地形跃阶处的内波波包产生不同的影响。 相似文献
5.
利用了无摩擦、不可压情况下的旋转流体线性方程组,基于数值计算的方法,对背景流中海洋内波各个模态垂向结构进行了分析。结果表明:在无背景流时,海洋内波的垂向结构为简谐波;模态越高,其在垂直方向结构就越复杂,这时其模态属海洋内波的离散谱。在有垂直切变的背景流时,因受背景流的调制,其波形发生变化;此时海洋内波的前几个模态仍与简谐波类似,属海洋内波的离散谱,而此后的模态垂向结构不再光滑连续,出现了间断(奇性),该间断处即为临界层,该具有间断的模态属海洋内波的连续谱,而其积分则为海洋内波波包。正海洋内波在海洋中非常常见,是发生在密度稳定层化海水中的一种波动,其最大振幅出现在海洋内部,是重要的海洋中尺度现象。海洋内波的存在,使得海水运动以及水文要素的分布与变化更加复杂。由于内波发生机制的复杂性以及时空特征的随机性,内波成为海洋学研究中的难点。鉴于海洋内波在海洋学和军事上的意义,目前已经成为研究的活跃领域。对海洋内波垂向结构的研究不但有重要的理论意义,而且有广 相似文献
6.
浅海内波及声场起伏数值研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨声学方法监测(反演)海洋内波的可行性,分析ASIAEX2001亚洲海海洋声学实验定点温度链实验数据,结果表明：实验期间存在M2内潮波、周期10～30min非线性内波现象,并观测到双温跃层同相传播“双非线性内波”。分别对垂直和平行于内波传播方向传播声场进行了数值计算分析。垂直于内波传播方向的声传播计算结果表明：简正波波数时间演化函数的频谱与内波引起的声速剖面变化频谱基本一致;简正波系数(模值)时间演化函数的频谱与内波引起的声源位置处的声速演化函数的频谱基本一致;高阶简正波波数差随时间的变化要比低阶简正波波数差小约1个量级。平行于内波传播方向的声传播计算结果表明：内潮波主要导致相邻简正波间耦合;非线性内波包能够导致跨号甚至垮多号简正波间耦合。讨论了2种海洋内波声学监测方法。 相似文献
7.
海洋内波破碎问题的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从理论、观测、数值实验和实验室实验四个方面对国内外近20年来关于海洋内波破碎问题的研究成果进行了分析总结.数值实验和实验室实验表明:中高频内波破碎时,初始的不稳定是二维的,当最终有横向对流卷团形成时,能量开始大量耗散,这时不稳定发展成为三维的;从初始的二维不稳定到对流卷团的产生这一过程,到底是一个剪切不稳定过程,还是一个对流不稳定过程,或者是对流不稳定和剪切不稳定共同存在的一个过程,取决于海水的层化、地形、背景剪切流和内波的自身性质.现场曾观测到内孤立波破碎时存在的剪切不稳定过程,数值研究模拟出了内孤立波破碎时存在的对流不稳定过程.现有的海洋内波破碎判据主要是关于中高频海洋内波的.理论分析侧重于确定线性或弱非线性内波的破碎机制和破碎条件. 相似文献
8.
海南岛南部海区非线性内波特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2004年6月在南海海南岛南部海域进行了内波观测实验,实验中使用了3条温度链组成链阵,来估计内波在该海区传播的方向和速度。实验中发现了非线性内波群的活动。对潮汐的测量表明,非线性内波群出现在海区的涨潮时刻。计算得到实验海区内波(非线性波群)速度约为0.54m/s。测量有效数据从29日10:00~30日14:00,只发现了一组非线性内波群,说明该海区的非线性内波群不同于别的海区所观测到具有半日潮周期的非线性内波。对非线性内波波形分析可以看出,KdV(Korteweg-de Vries)方程的dn2(x,t)解能比较好的描述得到的内波波形。数据表明非线性内波群在爬坡传播过程中随波包范围的不断扩张,波峰间距离有减小的趋势。对高频线性内波(非线性内波出现前后)的分析表明,高频线性内波中周期为15min~12min的波动成份的能量比较突出,这与非线性内波群中单个波包周期基本吻合,说明非线性内波群在传播扩张过程中其衰落的尾迹分散到了两个非线性波包之间的水体中。 相似文献
9.
内波吸引子的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
密度稳定层结的流体中产生的内波沿着由内波固有频率、流体浮力频率等因素所确定的特征线(或内波射线)传播。边界上的反射不改变内波的频率,从而也不改变反射后的内波特征线与重力方向所成的夹角。侧边界倾斜的封闭容器内,内波能量沿特征线传播的过程中经侧壁、表面和底面的反射可能会集中在一个封闭的轨道上,形成内波吸引子。该现象已经得到水槽试验、线性理论和数值试验的验证。本文利用非线性非静压的环流模式MITgcm,模拟了二维封闭区域中(1,1)-吸引子和(2,1)-吸引子的形成过程,并讨论初值条件对它们的影响。稳定的(1,1)-吸引子其极限环两侧流速出现很强的剪切流。当减小地形的坡度时,由于线性因素的增加,吸引子的结构不变,但吸引子厚度在相空间中的收缩速度加快。对于(2,1)-吸引子,由于轨道所成的两个环中间的节点耗散了部分能量,吸引子的收敛速度较慢。节点处,流体速度始终为0,但存在强烈混合,流体浮力频率呈现振幅较大的周期变化。 相似文献
10.
利用开闸式异重流水槽试验,结合高速相机和粒子图像测速技术,量化不同强度双层环境中圆桩柱对斜坡异重流传播模式、速度与涡度场、波流作用等宏微观特性的影响。试验结果表明：在低理查森数Riρ环境中,圆桩柱的存在抑制了异重流混合层厚度的增加,但延展了其在流向的长度;在高理查森数Riρ环境中,圆桩柱打破了侵入流在密度跃层处对称的传播模式,并促进了异重流与环境流体的剪切过程。当内波弗劳德数Fr> 1时,产生锁定波,异重流头部出现强漩涡,在密度跃层产生有利压力梯度使内波尺寸增大;当内波弗劳德数Fr <1时,振荡产生发射波,波谷与异重流头部相互作用而使波形变平整;当内波弗劳德数Fr≈1时,锁定波和发射波并存。在低理查森数Riρ环境中,圆桩柱的存在导致波流耦合作用减弱,而在高理查森数Riρ环境,波流耦合作用反而增强。 相似文献
11.
In-Seong Han Koichiro Kamio Takeshi Matsuno Atsuyoshi Manda Atsuhiko Isobe 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(2):235-249
Relation between internal waves with short time scale and density distribution near the shelf break in the East China Sea is studied utilizing moored current meters, thermometers and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts. A well developed pycnocline was frequently observed around 150–200 m depth near the shelf break accompanied with the development of internal waves with short time scale. During the cruise in May 1998, the intensified internal wave motion with short time scale and the distinct offshore flow were observed just below the lower pycnocline, which shoaled and extended above the shelf area. It is suggested that vertical mixing generated by amplified internal waves would produce cross-shelf ageostophic density current around the pycnocline. During the cruise in May 1999, on the other hand, the lower pycnocline was located offshore below the shelf break, and the internal wave motion was amplified just above the lower pycnocline. In this case, the offshore flow should be generated above the lower pycnocline, but vertical profiles of current velocity were not obtained because acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data were not available around the lower pycnocline. 相似文献
12.
S. F. Dotsenko 《Physical Oceanography》2006,16(2):77-88
Within the framework of a linear model of long waves in a two-layer ocean, we obtain the analytic solution of the problem
of evolution of an axially symmetric initial displacement of the jump of density. In the process of adaptation of the fields,
internal waves in the form of a decaying (in time) wave packet are emitted from the zone of initial perturbation. These waves
are quasiinertial and their dispersion is conditioned by Earth’s rotation. We study the time evolution of the wave packet
and the dependence of its characteristics on the width of the zone of initial perturbation and the depth of the jump of density.
__________
Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 12–23, March–April, 2006. 相似文献
13.
The pycnocline in a closed domain is tilted by external wind forcing and tends to restore to a level posi- tion when the wind falls. An internal seiche oscillation exhibits if the forcing is weak, otherwise internal surge and internal solitary waves emerge, which serve as a link to cascade energy to small-scale processes. A two-dimensional non-hydrostatic code with a turbulence closure model is constructed to extend previous laboratory studies. The model could reproduce all the key phenomena observed in the corresponding labo- ratory experiments. The model results further serve as a comprehensive and reliable data set for an in-depth understanding of the related dynamical process. The comparative analyses indicate that nonlinear term favors the generation of internal surge and subsequent internal solitary waves, and the linear model predicts the general trend reasonably well. The vertical boundary can approximately reflect all the incoming waves, while the slope boundary serves as an area for small-scale internal wave breaking and energy dissipation. The temporal evolutions of domain integrated kinetic and potential energy are also analyzed, and the results indicate that about 20% of the initial available potential energy is lost during the first internal wave breaking process. Some numerical tactics such as grid topology and model initialization are also briefly discussed. 相似文献
14.
内波场中水平桩柱波阻的实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析水平阻力与内波波要素的关系,采用实验室实验的方法,研究了水平桩柱与内波的相互作用,焦点是研究内波波要素与波阻之间的关系。实验中的密度分层采用典型跃层型剖面,而内波是由自行研制的造波机生成。实验结果表明,当内波的频率不变时,水平桩柱所受到的阻力随着内波的振幅增加而增加,它的量值与分层有关。对于强跃层的密度分布,当桩柱处在跃层中时,受到的水平波阻较小,而在跃层之外则受到较大的水平波阻。 相似文献
15.
This paper describes experiments on interfacial phenomena in a stratified shear flow having a sharp velocity shear at a density
interface. The interface was visualized in vertical cross-section using dye, and the flow pattern was traced using aluminum
powder. Two kinds of internal waves with different phase velocities and wave profiles were observed. They are here named p(positive)-waves
and n(negative)-waves, respectively. By means of a two-dimensional visualization technique, the following facts have been
confirmed regarding these waves. (1) The two kinds of waves propagate in the opposite direction relative to a system moving
with the mean velocity at the interface, and their dispersion relations approximately agree with the two solutions of interfacial
waves in a two-layer system of a linear basic shear flow. (2) The p-wave has sharp crests and flat troughs, and the n-wave
has the reverse of this. This difference in wave profile is due to the finite amplitude effect. (3) Phase velocity of each
wave lies within the range of the mean velocity profile, so that a critical layer exists and each wave has a “cat's eye” flow
pattern in the vicinity of the critical layer, when observed in a system moving with the phase velocity. Consequently, these
two waves are symmetrical with respect to the interface. The mechanisms of generation of these waves, and the entrainment
process are discussed. It is inferred that when the “cat's eye” flow pattern is distorted and a stagnation point approaches
the interface, entrainment in the form of a stretched wisp from the lower to the upper layer occurs for the p-wave, and from
the upper to the lower layer for the n-wave. 相似文献
16.
Oceanic pycnocline depth retrieval from SAR imagery in the existence of solitary internal waves 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Oceanic pycnocline depth is usually inferred from in situ measurements. It is attempted to estimate the depth remotely. As solitary internal waves occur on oceanic pycnocline and propagate along it, it is possible to retrieve the depth indirectly in virtue of the solitary internal waves. A numerical model is presented for retrieving the pycnocline depth from synthetic aperture radar （SAR） images where the solitary internal waves are visible and when ocean waters are fully stratified. This numerical model is constructed by combining the solitary internal wave model and a two-layer ocean model. It is also assumed that the observed groups of solitary internal wave packets on the SAR imagery are generated by local semidiurnal tides. A case study in the East China Sea shows a good agreement with in situ CTD （conductivity-temperature-depth） data. 相似文献
17.
Qiao Fangli 《海洋学报(英文版)》1996,15(2):145-158
Ｔｈｅｍｉｘｉｎｇｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｃｅａｎｓｈｅａｒｗａｖｅｓ￥ＱｉａｏＦａｎｇｌｉ（ＦｉｒｓｔＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳｔａｔｅｏｃｅａｎｉｃＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ，Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ２... 相似文献
18.
为进一步探究海洋内孤立波诱导流场对海洋工程结构物以及潜航器的影响,本文采用重力塌陷方法和粒子图像测速(Particle Image velocimetry,PIV)技术在大型分层流水槽中进行内孤立波造波以及内部流速场测量,定量分析了下凹型内孤立波诱导流场结构及其影响因素。研究表明:在密度分层流体中,PIV技术可实现对大幅面内孤立波诱导流场的精细测量以及波动结构特征的准确描述;水平流速在上下层方向相反且在跃层处最小,其剪切作用在波谷附近最强;垂向流动在波前和波后分别为上升和下沉流,两者流速值在距离波谷1/4~1/2波长位置达到最大;在相同内孤立波振幅条件下,上下层流体密度差越大、厚度比越小,则波致流场越强;随着振幅增大,流场结构与Kd V、e Kd V和MCC理论模型对应波幅适用范围的描述相吻合。 相似文献
19.
veKdv方程的若干系数在南海北部的地理分布特征及其季节变化分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用中国近海及邻近海域海洋再分析资料(简称CORA)研究南海北部第一模态内波场运动学参数的地理分布特征及其季节变化。首先分析了Brunt-Väisälä频率的统计特征;其次,基于弱非线性变系数扩展Kortewed-de Vries (veKdv)方程模型,计算了它的输入系数,即线性长波相速度,平方和立方非线性系数和频散系数,这些参数可用于定性评估内孤立波传播可能的极性,内孤立波的形态,幅度限制以及传播速度等。分析结果表明,南海北部季节性密度跃层从2月开始出现,最大浮力频率约在20 m。它在6—7月达到最强,自8月开始减弱,在10月消退。另一密度跃层出现在8—11月,最大浮力频率约在80 m,冬季大致在120 m。季节性密度跃层在4—9月十分明显,而8—10月双跃层现象显著,冬季仅出现较弱的第二密度跃层。在1—3月和10—12月海盆深水区最大Brunt-Väisälä频率值要大于陆架浅水区;而在5—9月情况则相反。Brunt-Väisälä频率最大值所在深度随季节变化显著,冬季最深,6—7月则最浅。计算的线性内波相速度、频散系数和幅度放大因子的空间特征主要取决于地形变化;平方(立方)非线性系数与地形关系较小,随季节变化明显,它们主要取决于局地海洋环境特征。通过分析veKdv方程的系数特征,解释了为何在夏季南海北部最容易观测到大振幅内孤立波和在吕宋海峡以东海域难以观测到孤立波的原因。 相似文献
20.
It was shown based on laboratory experiments in a Large Thermally Stratified Tank (LTST) at the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences that a turbulent axisymmetric jet in a stratified fluid with a sharp density drop (a pycnocline) intensively generates internal waves. An axisymmetric oscillation mode, for which a sufficient condition of stability in the parallel flow approximation is met, served as their source. This paper studies the stability of a nonparallel flow (with self-similar velocity profiles) that simulates a jet flow in the lower part of the pycnocline with respect to the axisymmetric mode. The estimates of the axisymmetric mode near the pycnocline are in agreement with the experimental data. The signs of the self-oscillating mode of the jet were experimentally revealed and the possibility of self-oscillations was theoretically proved: it was shown that the flow in the pycnocline vicinity is absolutely unstable. 相似文献