共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 184 毫秒
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《地球科学进展》2020,(5)
地下水作为全世界近1/3城市人口的饮用水源,在城市化发展过程中起着战略性作用。针对水资源需求量最大、地下水污染负荷最重、地下工程开发强度最大的城市地区,梳理了城镇化背景下城市地区面临的地下水文循环过程变异、地下水污染、地下水"热岛效应"等生态水文问题,系统分析了城市地下水发生水量、水质、水热变化的机理,并揭示了地下水量、水质、水热问题的内在联系。研究发现,城市化引起的土地利用与覆被变化是导致地下水文循环过程变异的主要原因;城镇化建设和生活生产废物的污染负荷加剧了地下水质的恶化;城市化引起的垂直热通量的增加促进了地下水升温。通过总结城镇化地区地下水面临的生态水文问题及成因,提出应加快地下水污染防治技术攻关、完善地下水污染区域调控策略、建立城市地下水资源评价方法与体系、优化地下水资源配置,为保障城市水安全、建设生态文明城市并进一步促进经济社会的可持续发展提供理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
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城市规划区地下水资源与环境地质问题浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宿迁市地质环境研究程度偏低,尤其是水文地质、环境地质方面。随着宿迁市经济的快速发展,地质环境状况与城市可持续发展不相适应的矛盾日益突出。以2006年度江苏省地质勘查补助项目为依托,在分析宿迁城市规划区地下水系统水文地质条件和地下水资源的开采状况的基础上,论述了城市规划区地下水资源开采利用过程中所产生的一系列环境地质问题,并提出建立节水型社会体系、加强地下水开采管理、预防地下水污染以及加强地下水监测等措施,促进规划区地下水资源可持续利用与发展。 相似文献
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城市化对地下水流系统的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着世界经济的飞速发展和人口增长,城市的规模和数量也在急剧增加,城市化的趋势变得日益明显,尤其在发展中国家。在这一过程中,地下水所扮演的角色越来越重要,揭示城市化与地下水各方面之间的相互影响规律以实现其可持续发展,成为一个全球性的重要研究课题。本文在分析世界城市人口增长规律和地下水对城市供水的重要性基础上;以三个典型示范城市为例,进一步具体探讨了城市化对地下水补给与地下水流系统的影响。最后认为,城市化会引起地下水补给量的增加;但城市大规模和经常性毫无节制地开采地下水可产生明显的地下水位下降、地面沉降和盐水入侵而导致地下水流系统的剧烈改变。 相似文献
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北京和深圳城市化比较研究 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
通过对北京和深圳两个城市的城市化过程的比较研究,得出北京经历了一个稳定的城市化发展过程,城市人口（以户籍人口为主）城市化水平与人均国内生产总值的对数成正比关系,城市以"摊大饼"的模式向外扩张以及城市环境问题主要为大气污染和水资源匮乏;深圳经历了一个快速的城市化过程,城市人口以外来人口为主,城市化水平与人均国内生产总值成三次关系,城市沿交通干线向外扩张及城市环境问题主要是水污染和水土流失。两个城市化过程的差异主要是由于两个城市的政策和经济相互作用方式不同。 相似文献
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城市化对地下水补给的影响对研究城市水循环、水资源供需平衡及地下水超采、防治地下水水质恶化，以及揭示两大主要地下水环境问题（地下水超采与水质恶化）之间的有机联系都具有重要意义，石家庄城市化与地下水之间的相互作用机理研究具有典型示范性，本文以石家庄市为例，在分析地下水在城市供水中的作用及其开发利用基础上，通过研究城市化影响地下水补给的变化规律，进一步探讨了城市化对地下水补给的影响机理，最终建立城市化影响下地下水补给增量的诱发机理框图，研究结果表明，城市化会导致地下水补给量的增加；地下水开采诱发产生对城市周围井场和地表水的袭夺以及城市供、排水系统渗漏所造成的新补给源的引入是城市化诱发产生地下水补给增量的重要机理。 相似文献
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随着东营市河口区经济的高速发展,城市建设对土地的需求量越来越大,加之以往土地资源管理的法律建设不够完善和执行力度薄弱,土地集约化利用程度不高,土地市场化配置还欠成熟,阻碍了工业化,城市化的发展进程。今后如何解决土地资源与人口增加、土地结构与经济发展、土地管理政策与实施过程之间的矛盾,已经成为东营市河口区城市发展中面临的一个重要课题。 相似文献
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随着东营市河口区经济的高速发展,城市建设对土地的需求量越来越大,加之以往土地资源管理的法律建设不够完善和执行力度薄弱,土地集约化利用程度不高,土地市场化配置还欠成熟,阻碍了工业化,城市化的发展进程.今后如何解决土地资源与人口增加、土地结构与经济发展、土地管理政策与实施过程之间的矛盾,已经成为东营市河口区城市发展中面临的一个重要课题.…… 相似文献
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Numerical simulation of karst groundwater system for discharge prediction and protection design of spring in Fangshan District,Beijing 
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下载免费PDF全文 As the rapid growth of population and social economy, the situation of water resources shortage in Beijing city becomes more and more serious. Karst groundwater in Beijing has great potential for development. The reasonable exploitation of karst groundwater can enhance the water-supply stability of Beijing city. Firstly, the distribution of springs has been investigated in Fangshan, Beijing, and the characteristics of these springs have also been analyzed. Secondly, the hydrogeological conceptual model has been built, based on this, the groundwater flow numerical simulation model was established, and the parameter identification and validation of the model were performed under groundwater level and spring discharge. The results shows that the simulated values of groundwater level and spring discharge are very close to measured values, and the model can be used for groundwater resources evaluation and spring discharge prediction. Finally, a reasonable exploitation design has been developed with three exploitation scenarios considering the spring discharge protection; meanwhile, the quantity of groundwater resources was evaluated in the karst aquifer. The simulation results indicate that different exploitation yields have a significant impact on spring discharge; and the effective measures should be taken to protect the spring discharge 相似文献
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城市社会经济的发展离不开地下水资源的有力保障,而深层地下水超采已经成为制约城市经济快速发展的一个瓶颈,同时也对城市生态环境造成了严重的危害。合理有效的开发利用浅层地下水,不仅能缓解城市用水矛盾、减轻深层地下水开发压力,同时对提高地下水资源保护能力、提高大气降水可利用率等方面都有着十分重要的作用。 相似文献
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Analysis on the situation and countermeasures of water resources supply and demand in the cities of small and medium-sized river basins along southeast coast of China — taking Xiamen City as an example 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Liu Chun-lei Zheng Jian-hua Li Zheng-hong Li Ya-song Hao Qi-chen Li Jian-feng 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(4):350-358
The small and medium-sized river basins along southeast coast of China hold comparatively abundant water resources. However, the rapid resources urbanization in recent years has produced a series of water problems such as deterioration of river water quality, water shortage and exacerbated floods, which have constrained urban economic development. By applying the principle of triple supply-demand equilibrium, this paper focuses on the estimation of levels of water supply and demand in 2030 at different guarantee probabilities, with a case study of Xiamen city. The results show that water shortage and inefficient utilization are main problems in the city, as the future water supply looks daunting, and a water shortage may hit nearly 2 × 108 m3 in an extraordinarily dry year. Based on current water supply-demand gap and its trend, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions for developing and utilizing groundwater resources and improving the utilization rate of water resources, which can supply as a reference for other southeast middle-to-small-sized basin cities in terms of sustainable water resources and water environment protection. 相似文献
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Beijing, the capital city of China, has suffered from acute water shortage, with only 300 m3/a of water resources available per capita. In addition, Beijing has experienced a prolonged period of consecutive droughts from 1999 to 2010. Water crisis has constrained the socio-economic development of Beijing. Meanwhile, the national "South-to-North Water Transfer"(STNWT) project, which is expected to provide some relief to the water crisis in Beijing, is still under development. In order to ensure the security of water supply in Beijing before the completion of the STNWT project, several measures have been implemented to cope with droughts, including pumping groundwater from emergency well fields,water saving, recycling of water, rain and flood water harvesting, and the diversion of water from neighboring rivers and groundwater basins. Groundwater from four emergency well fields contributes the most to the public and domestic water supplies in Beijing, supplying a total volume of 1.8×10~9 m~3.The water crisis is supposed to be mitigated by the completion of the STNWT project. After the completion of this project, more sustainable management of water resources will be implemented,including the use of aquifers as groundwater reservoirs and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources. 相似文献
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Influence of South to North Water Transfer on groundwater dynamic change in Beijing plain 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Yong Yang Guo-Min Li Yan-Hui Dong Ming Li Jian-Qing Yang Dong Zhou Zhong-Shan Yang Fan-Dong Zheng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(4):1323-1331
Beijing is a city of severe water shortage. The groundwater plays a key role in the water supply. However, the groundwater
level has been gradually descending due to extensive pumping in consecutive drought years. How to satisfy the water demand
and recover the groundwater level is an urgent work. With the implementation of the South to North Water Transfer Project,
an opportunity has been provided for restoration of groundwater under over exploitation. On the basis of hydrogeology conditions
of the Beijing plain, as well as the high-performance parallel computing platforms, a groundwater flow numerical model was
established. And dynamic monitoring data of groundwater levels were used to calibrate the numerical model. The calculation
results fit well with the measured data in the calibrated model. Therefore, the calibrated model can be used to predict the
dynamic change of groundwater levels in the Beijing plain. The results show that several obvious depression cones of groundwater
have been formed because of the rapid decline of groundwater levels in the Beijing plain in recent years. After the implementation
of the South to North Water Transfer project and due to the restrictions on groundwater exploitation, the area of cone of
depression will be reduced to different degrees, the central water level of depression cone will increase, and some cones
of depression around wellhead will disappear. It is a benefit to relieve water shortage and control the development of land
subsidence and the deterioration of the ecological environment. 相似文献
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地下水资源是我国北方地区水资源的主要组成部分,对地下水资源全面科学的调查和评价,是解决水资源问题的基础性工作.农安县缺水由来已久,其中水质性缺水、资源性缺水和工程性缺水并存.近年来,由于过量开采地下水,局部地区出现了降落漏斗、含水层疏干、地下水水质恶化等环境地质问题.本文用回归分析法计算了研究区地下水允许开采量,分析地... 相似文献
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安徽省宿州市是以超采中深层承压孔隙水为主的缺水城市。随着社会经济的快速发展和城市规模的不断扩大,对地下水的开采量显著增加,地下水降落漏斗面积日益增大。分析了宿州市水资源开发利用现状及问题,提出水资源可持续开发利用对策。 相似文献
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贵州省水文地质工作思考 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
贵州省特殊的岩溶地质环境导致了严重的工程性缺水、频繁的极端气候引起了大范围的干旱灾害,强烈的人为工程活动导致了突发性的水源干涸和污染、工业强省和城镇化带动战略实施对水资源提出了更高的要求。尽管近年省内地下水勘查和应急找水打井取得了较大的进展,但是岩溶山区农村饮水安全问题仍旧严重、城镇应急水源亟待建设、工业园区和城镇建设需要大量的水源支撑、供水水源污染的形势仍然严峻。虽然省内丰富的岩溶地下水资源可以成为地表水供水的重要补充,但目前地下水勘查程度、找水和开发关键技术的相关研究尚难以支撑地下水有效开发。本文通过对上述问题的分析,提出了未来一段时期水文地质工作的方向,可供未来我省地下水勘查、缺水区找水以及相关研究工作部署的借鉴。 相似文献
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Groundwater drawdown at Nankou site of Beijing Plain: model development and calibration 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
Feng Sun Haibing Shao Thomas Kalbacher Wenqing Wang Zhongshan Yang Zhenfang Huang Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(5):1323-1333
Water shortage and groundwater pollution have become two primary environmental concerns to Beijing since the 1990s. The local
aquifers, as the dominant sources for domestic and agricultural water supply, are depleting due to groundwater abstraction
and continuous drought in recent years with rapid urbanization and increasing water consumption. Therefore, understanding
the hydrogeological system is fundamental for a sustainable water resources management. In this article, the numerical analysis
of a 3-D regional groundwater flow model for the Nankou area is presented. The hydrogeological system is reproduced according
to sparsely distributed boreholes data. The numerical analysis is carried out using the scientific software OpenGeoSys, which
is based on the finite element method. The model calibration and sensitivity analysis are accomplished with inverse methods
by applying a model independent parameter estimation system (PEST). The results of the calibrated model show reasonable agreements
with observed water levels. The transient groundwater flow simulations reflect the observed drawdown of the last 9 years and
show the formation of a depression cone in an intensively pumped area. 相似文献