共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
象山港2013年夏季浮游细菌群落的时空分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
港湾水域生态系统易受到人类活动的影响,而浮游细菌是维持海洋生态系统平衡和稳定的重要组成部分,其分布模式和动态变化可以反映人为活动对港湾生态系统的影响程度。本研究以宁波象山港这一受人类活动影响较大的代表性港湾为对象,研究了其夏季表层浮游细菌群落的空间分布特征及影响因子。结果表明,象山港各海区的浮游细菌α-多样性及均匀度总体上无显著差异。浮游细菌群落结构基本按海区聚类,海区间浮游细菌群落结构差异显著;分析相隔15天的两个航次的样品后发现,每个海区的浮游细菌群落结构均呈明显的时间演替。盐度、温度及营养盐是影响浮游细菌群落结构的主要环境因子。四个分别来自聚球藻属（Synechococcus）、OCS155、SAR11及α-变形菌纲的可操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units,OTUs）是造成海区间细菌群落差异的主要贡献类群。部分海区中,两个航次的样品存在相似功能潜力的标志性类群,可能是浮游细菌对海区水质长期响应的结果。本研究初步揭示了象山港夏季表层浮游细菌群落分布及其对港湾环境变化的响应模式,为评估港湾环境扰动的微生态效应提供了基础数据。 相似文献
2.
海洋浮游细菌生长率和被摄食的研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋浮游细菌利用海水中的溶解有机碳合成自身物质,是海洋浮游生态系统的二次生产者。微型浮游动物是细菌的主要摄食者,也是细菌生产向较高营养级传递的中介。研究海洋浮游细菌的生长率和被(微型浮游动物的)摄食率对理解海洋浮游生态系统的功能具有重要作用。本文综述了利用改变海水中生物类群组成(或功能)的培养方法研究海洋浮游细菌生长率和被摄食率的历程和现状,为我国的同类研究提供借鉴。改变海水中生物类群组成(或功能)进行培养的方法有海水分粒级培养、海水稀释培养和添加选择性抑制剂培养。这些方法各有其局限性,应用并不广泛。细菌及其主要摄食者异养鞭毛虫群落在自然海区和实验室内都有生长周期,鞭毛虫的生长周期落后于细菌,因此细菌的生长率有时会小于被摄食率,有时会大于被摄食率。我国这方面的研究相对落后,应值得引起重视,建议从海水稀释培养法入手开展相关研究。 相似文献
3.
根据2008年夏季(7月)在大亚湾进行的现场综合调查资料,分析表层海水浮游细菌生物量的水平分布特征,探讨细菌生物量与环境变量的关系。大亚湾夏季浮游细菌生物量变化范围为14.00～118.80μg·L-1,海区平均值为55.23±29.43μg·L-1。大亚湾夏季细菌生物量水平分布大体上呈现南部高于北部的趋势,在北纬22°35′以北和以南的海区均各自表现为东南部高于西北部的趋势。水深、硝酸盐、铵盐、亚硝酸盐和总碱度等5个参数与浮游细菌生物量之间存在着中等水平的相关性(0.15相似文献
4.
生态学代谢理论(metabolic theory of ecology, MTE)指的是生物的代谢速度随着温度的升高而增加,随生物个体大小(即生物量)的增加而异速增长。根据MTE理论可预测异养过程与自养过程对温度的反应不同,低温对异养代谢的抑制要明显;而随着温度升高,异养代谢升高的速度比自养代谢升高的速度要快。MTE理论可以对海洋浮游微食物网生物的代谢研究进行理论指导,用于解释一些低温造成的海洋浮游生态学现象,以及预测全球变暖的影响。多年来人们一直根据MTE理论开展理论分析和实验检验,发现低温会抑制细菌和微型浮游动物的生长,并可以降低微型浮游动物的摄食率。春季高纬度海区的海水温度会抑制细菌的生长,而浮游植物则几乎不受影响,从而造成春季水华发生。温度和底物浓度是冷海(水温≤4℃)细菌生长率低的原因,但在永冷海(周年温度≤4℃的海区,包括极地海区和深海的大部分)中究竟是低温还是底物浓度限制了细菌的生长率仍被争论。全球变暖的预测认为本世纪海洋表层温度会升高2～6℃。根据MTE理论,温度升高对自养和异养过程的影响不同,围隔实验证明全球变暖将导致水华与细菌、水华与微型浮游动物的时滞变小,促进微型浮游动物对细菌和浮游植物的摄食,改变有机物质自养生产和异养消耗之间的平衡,使更多的物质和能量进入呼吸作用,使得生态系统变得更加异养。但在温度升高对海洋细菌生长效率和细菌生物量变化的研究方面,MTE理论还有一定的局限性,需要进一步的理论分析和实验检验。 相似文献
5.
为探讨2万年以来浮游有孔虫的壳体重量变化及其影响因素,对取自西菲律宾海MD06-3052岩芯的浮游有孔虫表层种Globigerinoides ruber进行壳体重量分析,基于氧同位素年龄模式,获得了2万年以来有孔虫传统壳体重量(WMS)和标准化壳体重量(WSN)变化特征。对比两种壳体重量指标,发现在本海区标准化壳体重量指标更为准确。结果表明,2万年以来,浮游有孔虫WSN具有不断变轻的趋势,整体表现为冰期时壳体重量较重,而全新世时壳体重量相对较轻的特征。末次冰盛期(Last Glacial Maximum,LGM)以来浮游有孔虫WSN变化曲线同大气CO2浓度变化曲线具有较好的相似性,推测在该海区控制壳体重量的主要因素为与全球大气CO2相关的表层海水的CO32–浓度。 相似文献
6.
模拟了厦门沿岸海区病毒裂解产物对于自然细菌群落的影响.实验过程中基于不同过滤方式收集的细菌、病毒种群和病毒裂解产物,通过室内模拟培养方式,结合流式细胞计数和总有机碳分析仪分析病毒、细菌丰度和有机碳含量等技术,研究浮游细菌在病毒裂解产物添加下的生长变化.实验结果显示,去除原生生物捕食者的浮游细菌丰度在整个培养过程中持续增加,特别是病毒裂解产物添加组中的细菌类群的增长程度明显,其丰度在5 d的培养时间内从2.76×105cells/cm3上升至1.90×106cells/cm3;而在无病毒裂解产物添加组中其丰度仅仅从3.0×105cells/cm3上升至1.39×106cells/cm3;相对于无病毒裂解产物添加组,培养周期内细菌丰度均值在病毒裂解产物添加组中的绝对增量约为3.64×105cells/cm3,这表明此研究海区的病毒裂解产物在模拟原位环境的培养体系中可快速地被环境中的其他细菌类群吸收、利用,并且在丰度上产生显著影响(p0.05).结合病毒丰度变化以及细菌细胞裂解释放量、细胞碳含量的关系估算了收集来的病毒裂解产物在培养体系中释放的碳量大约为2.12~7.67μg/(dm3·d);它被浮游细菌用于丰度增长方面的贡献大约22.47%~81.25%.此外,在培养过程中,溶解有机碳的浓度在病毒裂解产物添加组中的变化相对于无病毒裂解产物添加组缓慢,但总体上两者随时间变化逐渐减少,它们间的均值差值约为1.04μmol/dm3;结合对应的细菌丰度增量,估算出培养体系中浮游细菌碳含量大约为34.29fg/cell.上述结果揭示了厦门沿岸海域内病毒裂解产物在维持细菌群落多样性和生长繁殖方面的重要生态作用. 相似文献
7.
8.
利用流式细胞仪对南黄海秋季浮游病毒丰度在水平分布和垂直分布上的特征进行了研究,并分析了浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌、微微型浮游植物等宿主丰度以及环境因子的相关性.结果表明,该海区秋季浮游病毒丰度在(2.22×106)-(1.60× 107)ind/ml之间,平均值8.32×106ind/ml.病毒丰度在调查海域的东北和中南部海域出现高值区,在西南部出现低值区,且浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度的平面分布趋势较一致.在表层、中层和底层水体,浮游病毒丰度平均值分别为8.63×106、7.83×106、8.49×106ind/ml,表层和底层丰度无显著差异,但均高于中层(P＜0.05).相关性分析表明,浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度、VBR呈显著正相关(P＜0.01),与微微型真核浮游植物丰度呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),与聚球藻、水深、水温、盐度、溶氧、叶绿素a浓度无明显相关性(P＞0.05). 相似文献
9.
东海、黄海浮游病毒及异养细菌的分布研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用流式细胞仪对2009年春季东海、黄海浮游病毒和异养细菌的丰度进行了大尺度(119.5°—129°E, 25°—39°N)研究, 并分析了浮游病毒丰度、异养细菌丰度以及其与环境因子之间的相关性。结果表明, 研究海域浮游病毒、异养细菌的丰度范围分别为3.38×105—2.26×107个/mL(平均6.24×106个/mL)、5.83×103—1.23×106个/mL(平均1.22×105个/mL)。在水平分布上, 浮游病毒与异养细菌的变化趋势基本一致, 且均在山东半岛周边养殖海域、浙江东南沿海养殖区及舟山渔场北部形成明显的高值区; 黄海浮游病毒与异养细菌的丰度平均值均高于东海。在垂直分布上, 东海浮游病毒与异养细菌丰度值随水深呈明显下降趋势, 表层丰度值与30m以下各层差异显著(P<0.05); 在黄海, 二者丰度随水深降低趋势不明显。Pearson相关性分析显示: 调查海域浮游病毒丰度与异养细菌丰度显著正相关(r =0.288, P<0.01), 浮游病毒丰度与温度显著负相关(r = -0.243, P<0.05), 异养细菌丰度与盐度显著负相关(r = -0.245, P<0.05)。 相似文献
10.
在三亚海域设置3个站位, 分别于各站位连续采集12个月表层水样。利用流式细胞仪进行浮游病毒及浮游细菌丰度的测定, 并对两者及其与环境因子之间的相关性进行研究, 同时对不同站位之间进行差异性分析。结果表明, 调查海域浮游病毒丰度(平均7.63×106viruses·mL-1)高于浮游细菌丰度(平均1.52×106cells·mL-1)。浮游病毒及浮游细菌丰度在三亚河口最高, 且有明显的季节变化, 冬春季高于夏秋季, 并且其与鹿回头半岛西侧、小东海之间均有极显著差异(P<0.01), 不同类群病毒代表的宿主类群也有所不同。调查海域总体水平浮游病毒丰度与浮游细菌丰度显著正相关(r=0.800, P<0.01); 叶绿素(Chl a)和氮盐(NO- 2、NO- 2+NO- 3、NH+ 4)是影响两者的关键因子。 相似文献
11.
This paper presents a review of the past decade's highlights of research on the isolation and characterisation of particulate
organic matter (POM) in the world's oceans. The emphasis is on chemical studies but, in keeping with the growing interdisciplinary
nature of marine science, advances in other disciplines are also discussed, particularly those in biological sciences. Increasing
evidence for the importance of picoplankton, bacteria and viruses as POM constituents is highlighted, including the recent
recognition of large populations of autotrophic bacteria able to harvest light for energy. The transport of POM to bottom
waters was thought to be largely confined to large, rapidly sinking faecal pellets. However, recent studies have highlighted
the importance of organic aggregates and flocs formed by diatoms such as Rhizosolenia and other microalgae. Ascending particles have also been discovered, many of which are lipid-rich. Several studies have shown
that resuspension of bottom sediments and lateral advection of material from continental shelves can lead to anomalously high
particle fluxes measured in sediment traps moored in deep water. Many new approaches for characterizing POM have emerged,
such as pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and direct temperature-resolved mass spectrometry for analysis of higher
molecular weight materials and biopolymers. Lipid biomarker techniques have also advanced, exciting new possibilities being
raised by the ability to measure stable and radioactive carbon isotopes for individual compounds. The techniques of molecular
biology, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are being increasingly applied to provide complementary information
to more conventional microscopy and flow cytometry on the identity of organisms in the sea. The combination of these techniques
with advanced chemical analysis methods promises to greatly increase our knowledge of the origins, transport and fate of organic
matter in the oceans.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
海洋中不产氧光合细菌的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了海洋中需氧的不产氧光养菌(aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria,简称AAP细菌)在全球海域的分布和丰度、光合作用能力、系统发生、多样性,以及与光合自养生物的关系、在海洋碳循环中的贡献等方面的研究进展,阐述了海洋中不产氧光合细菌在碳、氮、硫、铁等物质循环过程中的重要性和一些新种的发现及其应用,指出了目前海洋中不产氧光合细菌研究中存在的问题。 相似文献
13.
Alistair Becker Laurie J.B. Laurenson Kylie Bishop 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,82(4):566-572
Fish kills are not uncommon within estuaries in many regions of the world. In seasonally open systems, which are common in temperate areas, they are often associated with mouth openings. Such a kill occurred in July 2005 in the Surrey Estuary following a closed mouth period of seven months resulting in the loss of many thousands of fish. At the time the fish community within the estuary was under investigation which provided comprehensive data of this population prior to the kill. Monthly water quality monitoring was also being conducted prior to the kill and also carried out on a daily basis following the mouth opening. The Surrey was stratified during the closed mouth phase, isolated waters below the halocline had stagnated and become anoxic. As a result only waters above the halocline contained oxygen concentrations capable of sustaining most fish. It appears that if a mouth opening happens under low flow conditions, a shearing effect occurs within the water column where surface waters flow out to sea leaving deeper waters behind. This resulted in only anoxic waters being present for in excess of six days and was responsible for the fish kill. Fish sampling of the Surrey Estuary was conducted three and six months following the kill and those data were compared to that collected in the 12 months prior to the event. Three months after the kill few fish were collected within the estuary and included marine opportunists near the mouth and estuarine resident species in the far upper reaches of the system. However six months following the kill large numbers of estuarine resident species were collected throughout the Surrey Estuary. As many species were euryhaline, it is believed that some individuals migrated into freshwater reaches of the Surrey to escape the anoxic conditions within the estuary. As conditions improved they recolonised the Surrey Estuary. The high fecundity and rapid growth of these small, short lived species probably aided in their re-establishing populations within the estuary. It is clear from this research that artificial openings of estuaries should be avoided during low flow periods when oxygen concentrations are low. It also appears that many of the small estuarine resident species common in seasonally open estuaries are capable of recolonising estuaries following fish kills. The effects on larger, longer lived resident species are not known but likely to be more detrimental due to longer time required for them to reach sexual maturity. 相似文献
14.
Satoshi Yamamoto 《Journal of Oceanography》1979,35(2):91-99
Anisotropic detrital mineral grains were segregated microscopically from the suspended matter in surface waters of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Microscopic grain-size measurements of the anisotropic minerals were carried out for more than 80 slide specimens which are distributed homogeneously in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The distribution maps of mean grain size and sorting coefficients indicate that the mean size becomes coarser as one goes offshore, and the sorting coefficients are larger in the southern portion and smaller in the northern portion of this region. The clay-sized minerals in the suspended sediments carried out by the deltaic rivers of the continent were deposited in the nearshore area while coarser silt-sized minerals were suspended in offshore waters. The larger sorting coefficients (standard deviations) in the southern portion may imply that the silt-sized grains of offshore waters contain coarser sand-sized grains. The sand-sized grains may be supplied from offshore Taiwan and the Bashi Channel and transported by the main flow of the Kuroshio current. 相似文献
15.
深水盆地油气勘探新领域 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
全球海域深水区已成为油气增长的新领域。根据国内外深水油气勘探概况和我国深水盆地的油气地质条件认为，我国海域珠江口盆地珠二坳陷、琼东南盆地中央坳陷、潮汕坳陷及台西南盆地深水区、南海西南海域深水区和冲绳海槽盆地是我国海域深水盆地油气勘探的远景区。 相似文献
16.
Comparison of airsea fluxes of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and the western Arctic Ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The data were collected during Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Expeditions in the western Arctic Ocean and the marginal sea ice zone (MSIZ) of the Southern Ocean, respectively in the boreal summer from July to September of 1999 and in the austral summer from December of 1999 to January of 2000. The concentrations of CO2 in surface water of the survey regions would mostly present lower than those in the atmosphere. A significant biological driving force could also been observed in summer waters in both of the above oceans. Air to sea CO2 fluxes were also calculated to compare oceanic uptake capacity of CO2 in both oceans with the world oceans using Liss, Wanninkhof, and Jacobs‘s methods. The averaged CO2 fluxes of air to sea in the western Arctic Ocean or in the MSIZ of the Southern Ocean doubled that in the world oceans. 相似文献
17.
2014年夏季南海北部超微型浮游植物分布及环境因子影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用流式细胞仪BD Accuri C6对2014年夏季南海北部超微型浮游植物进行了现场的观测研究,发现了3类超微型光合自养浮游植物,聚球藻(Synechococcus,Syn)、原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus,Pro)和超微型真核藻类(pico-eukaryotes,Euk),并对其丰度与分布以及环境因子影响进行了研究。结果表明,Syn、Pro和Euk丰度总平均值分别为5.13×103个/mL,3.27×104个/mL和1.85×103个/mL,碳生物量均值分别为1.19μg/L,1.86μg/L和4.51μg/L。Syn、Pro和Euk的丰度表现出不同的分布特征。Syn、Pro和Euk丰度分布趋势呈现近海低而外海高,Syn和Euk丰度高值区分别出现在沿岸带与陆架和上升流影响海域,Pro丰度高值区出现在沿岸带与陆架,低值区出现在上升流影响海域。Syn、Euk丰度高值区主要分布在次表层,Pro丰度高值区主要分布在真光层底部,Euk丰度垂直变化差异相对Syn和Pro较小。超微型浮游植物与环境因子的相关性分析结果表明,Syn、Pro和Euk的碳生物量均与硝酸盐、硅酸盐浓度和深度呈现负相关关系,Pro的碳生物量与磷酸盐浓度呈现正相关关系。 相似文献
18.
海洋微塑料来源、分布及生态效应研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
微塑料广泛分布于世界范围内的大洋和近海海域。作为新兴的污染物,微塑料对海洋生态环境威胁巨大。微塑料可以直接或间接被海洋动物摄入,导致其生长减缓或停滞、繁殖被抑制、寿命减短、进食量降低、耗氧量以及酶活性改变。微塑料与海洋浮游植物相互作用会对其生长、光合作用、氧化应激能力等产生影响。然而,微塑料对海洋浮游植物的致毒机理尚未完全明朗,还需更多的相关研究以探明其毒性效应机制。为保护海洋环境安全,更好的治理微塑料污染问题,有必要加强微塑料的相关研究,同时采取一系列有力的政策法规来监管塑料及微塑料的使用。 相似文献
19.
20.
塑料垃圾在近海、大洋水体和沉积物中均广泛存在,并不断累积,对海洋生态系统构成了重大威胁,引起了国际社会的高度关注。本研究从环境生态和塑料降解微生物两个角度回顾了近几年相关方向上的研究进展,包括国内外海洋塑料特别是海洋微塑料在近海与深海等环境中的分布与丰度,以及近海、大洋等环境中降解菌多样性及其降解机制。总体而言,微塑料广泛分布在多种海洋环境,特别是在河口和近海的海水和沉积物,近岸沙滩,以及大洋环流中心;目前已报道的塑料降解菌及其降解酶主要来自陆地土壤和塑料垃圾处理环境,并以聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate,PET)降解菌和降解酶的研究最为深入。当前,中国科学家已在近海、大洋深海(深渊)以及极地等大洋环境中,开展了微塑料分布特征和丰度调查,并在生态危害方面开展了研究,但在海洋塑料降解微生物方面还鲜有报道。塑料在海洋环境中的最终归宿以及微生物在塑料降解过程中的作用亟待评估,建议在大洋深海科考中整体布局、联合开展这两个方面的相关研究。 相似文献