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1.
V.I.STAROSTIN O.G.SOROKHTIN 《地学前缘》2004,11(1):225-235
现有的矿产资源分布资料可以说明地球历史中亲铁和亲铜元素成矿的一般规律。铁矿床在元古宙地核分离之后最为发育。除个别显著成矿高峰外 ,金的储量分布与铁类似。亲铁元素矿物的成矿潜力在古元古代也最大 ,以后逐渐降低 ,只是在显生宙 ,因地壳的再循环和古老矿床中矿石物质的活化而再次增大。元素的行为则完全不同 ,在前寒武纪时期它们的活动性为中等。亲铜矿物矿床的总量 ,在显生宙因再循环而达到最高 ,亲铜矿物矿床成矿能力较之亲铁矿物强得多 ,因为硫化物比铁金属氧化物更为活泼。地球演化的旋回性表现为超大陆形成的周期性 ,它与矿产的分布颇为一致。铁矿、亲铁元素和金成矿作用的突然激增 ,显然是在超大陆形成之后 ,并且与其早期裂解的脉动相对应。亲铜元素堆积的高峰期往往与超大陆的形成期相对应。尽管亲铜元素成矿的第三次脉动与中生代古陆 (Mesogea)的形成并不一致 ,但却与劳亚古陆及冈瓦纳古陆的裂解相一致。此种成矿堆积现象可以借助地幔内非稳态化学密度对流所诱发的地壳发展周期性来解释。根据超大陆形成的周期性推断地幔对流巨旋回的主期应为 80 0Ma ,此种周期性亦反映了具原始地幔印记的亲铁、金和亲铜元素的聚集作用过程。因此 ,地球圈层中地幔对流作用的周期性亦显著地控制了包括地幔 相似文献
2.
本文研究了位于鄂皖边境的郯-庐断裂带南段尾端地区的构造变形特征,通过野外实际工作,结合地球物理、遥感资料的分析与应用,对这条巨大平移断裂尾端的变形情况进行了初步的探讨,提出四种位移调整模式,并通过实验研究来认识平移断裂尾端的应力分布状态,以及应力与应变的相互关系。文中还就郯-庐断裂带的南延问题提出了讨论。 相似文献
3.
中国扬子海盆奥陶纪末期生物集群绝灭事件 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
<正> 近年来,奥陶纪末期生物集群绝灭事件的研究,越来越为人们所关注。Raup和Sepkoski(1982)认为,在晚奥陶世大约有22％科的生物绝灭,是显生宙生物集群绝灭5个最大幕之一。这次事件造成了所有海洋无脊椎动物的分异度和丰度的降低。Brenchley(1990)把晚奥陶世绝灭的若干类群的重要变化作了如下概述:阿什极尔中期的38科三叶虫,仅有14科存活到志留纪;在或接近奥陶-志留系界线,有13科腕足类绝灭,27科穿 相似文献
4.
Study of the Emplacement Mechanism of the Fenghuangshan Granite Pluton and Related Cu-Au Mineralization in Tongling, Anhui Province 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
WU Ganguo ZHANG D LI Dongxu ZHANG Xiangxin SHAO Yongjun ZANG Wenshuan WANG QunfengKey Laboratory of Lithospheric Tectonics Exploration China University of Geosciences 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(2):492-502
The Fenghuangshan Pluton is located in the Tongling polymineral-cluster district in the middle-lower section of the Yangtze metallogenic belt. In tectonic terms, it is in the middle of the Guichi-Fanchang faulted fold bundle of the lower Yangtze Platform fold belt between the Dabie Orogenic Belt and the Jiangnan Massif. Analyses of the structural deformation characteristics of both the contact zone and the interior of the pluton are used to explain its emplacement mechanism. The foliation and lineation of the pluton, consisting of the oriented distribution of dark minerals and xenoliths, mainly concentrate along the margin of the pluton. Toward the center of the pluton, the foliation structure becomes weak, showing intense compression formation at the margin, and reflecting the conformable intrusion of the pluton. The relatively gentle lineation is evidence of a rotatory emplacement mechanism. Relatively steep marginal foliation reflects compression expanding. Affected by the thermal power of the pluton, 相似文献
5.
In March and April 1972, 380 gravity stations were established in the T.F.A.I. The data were reduced to Bouguer anomalies of 5 mGal isolines. Qualitative and quantitative interpretation based on the gravity map, on seismic data and on the magnetics and physiography of the area revealed that: The crust of the Gulf of Tadjura and the central part of the T.F.A.I. is strongly oceanized and is the direct continuation of the Sheba Ridge.To the north of the Gulf, at the Dankali Mountains, the crust increases in thickness and most probably contains sialic fragments, indicating the continuation of the Danakil Chains in the T.F.A.I.To the south, the structure is bordered by a continental block, the Aysha Horst. The oceanization is concentrated only in the area of deep injections, marked by gravity maxima, whereas the rest of the area is to be described as sub-continental. The crust is attenuated from south (Aysha Horst) to north (Red Sea), from 30 to 15 km in thickness.The pattern of the gravity anomalies shows clearly liniations only along the coasts of the Gulf of Tadjura and the Straits of Bab el Mandeb. Inland the field breaks up into relative minima and maxima, indicating the fragmentation of the crust and the ‘triple junction’ nature of the area.The tectonic process is that of extension, with normal faults having maximum displacements at the northern border of the Gulf of Tadjura.The uppermost mantle has low velocity and density values due to thermal processes in the expanding zone. The state of the upper-mantle material must be that of partial melting due to high temperatures of the order of 800° to 1,000° C at about 15 km depth. 相似文献
6.
水位涨落作用下藕塘滑坡响应特征模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
藕塘滑坡是三峡库区结构复杂的巨型古滑坡之一,由多个次级滑体和滑面组成,大坝蓄水运行以来,滑坡出现复活迹象,对周边数千人的生命财产安全构成威胁。为明确藕塘滑坡在库水位涨落作用下的响应特征、变形破坏模式和机制,以物理模型试验为手段,通过制配滑坡模型试验材料,精确控制试验中库水位涨落条件,实现了藕塘滑坡变形失稳过程试验模拟,并从试验角度探讨了藕塘滑坡响应特征和力学机制。得到以下结论:库水涨落速度越快组成滑坡的3个次级滑坡产生的变形越大,库水位下降造成的滑坡变形明显大于库水位上涨和稳定状态;库水位涨落影响主要集中于第一期次滑坡区域,当库水位快速下降时第一期次滑坡坡脚局部发生牵引式崩滑的风险大;第一期次滑坡变形造成其后的第二期和第三期次滑坡稳定性下降,随之发生变形;藕塘滑坡为动水压力型滑坡,滑坡在库水位涨落作用下发生整体沿基岩面滑移破坏的可能性不大,变形失稳模式表现为第一期次滑坡前缘的局部崩滑。试验揭示了该类滑坡在库水位涨落作用下的响应特征和变形破坏机制,可为类似滑坡的研究提供参考。 相似文献
7.
Yu.M. Scheinmann 《Tectonophysics》1973,19(1):21-37
The composition of residual matter after the segregation of the crust from the mantle is calculated. The most probable components of the mantle: garnet-peridotitic, pyrolitic and chondritic, were taken into consideration and the continental, oceanic and olivine-tholeiitic crust segregated from them. The probability of the existence of each of the proposed mantle types may be estimated as based on the obtained residual matter. It is established that the hypothesis of the pyrolitic mantle is the most acceptable.A comparison of the compositions of the continental and oceanic crust makes evident that there exist two types of differentiation processes in the upper mantle. One of them leads to the development of continents, the second of the oceanic areas. In the first case the partial melting in the mantle and the ascent of magma are accompanied by an additional evacuation of silica (?) and especially of potassium. This rise of supplementary light substance embraces the depths as great as 1000 km or more. In the case of oceanic crust such an additional rise of matter is absent since there only partial melting in the mantle takes place and accordingly the depth of the differentiation is much smaller.The differences in the process of the earth's differentiation may be easier explained if the mantle is assumed to be mobile, instead of an immobile mass. It is assumed that a differentiation of the primary matter of the planet takes place near the mantle-core boundary and that the uplift of the much lighter silicate differentiation is in the asthenosphere. On this level the mantle becomes partially melted and the resultant liquid rises into the crust. This liquid is enriched by sialic substances, particularly by potassium and may be by silica.In the regions where the rise of matter from great depth is lacking, continental crust is not formed, and oceanic crust is born.The above comparison leads in particular to the following additional conclusions: the chemical differences of the continental crust and the oceanic crust do not permit the hypotheses of continenta drift, nor of the spreading of the ocean floor and the transformation of the continental crust into oceanic. All these hypotheses become incompatible with the chemical composition of the crust. 相似文献
8.
The results of the analysis of long-term radar research of the hailstorms over the central part of the Northern Caucasus are presented. Radar observations which formed the basis of experimental material were carried out continuously from the moment of the first radar echo registration until complete dissipation of the hailstorm. The computerized system of collecting, processing and the analysis of the radar information was used. Time discretization of the radar parameters of the full spatial observation averaged 3 min. Statistical sampling of radar data included 392 hail cells, for each of which the time distributions of the radar parameters both measured and calculated using the computerized system were compiled. Distribution of the hailstorms first radar echo formation zones over the observation region was compiled. Areas with the maximum frequency of the hailstorms first radar echo formation were defined. The hailstorm trajectories were analyzed. Four main types of hail cell trajectories were selected, which included 86 % of the supercells and 64 % of the long-lived multicells. The dynamic parameters of the hail core formation and development were analyzed. The hail storm characteristics of the Northern Caucasus are compared to the hail storms of Mendoza, Argentina, and Alberta, Canada. The bases of the organization of regional hail suppression services which use the rocket technology of cloud seeding are presented. The results of the cloud seeding operations during recent years are shown. 相似文献
9.
用磁性地层学方法讨论西域组的时代 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过对塔里木盆地及其周缘地区西域组砾岩的野外调查和磁性地层学研究，及相关层位的安山玄武岩同位素年龄测定等综合分析研究表明：西域组上段记录了松山负极性带下段， ２．５－１．６Ｍａ，上界大约位于奥尔都维正极性事件层位，年龄为１．６７－１．７６Ｍａ。上覆高阶地砾岩层及其下火山岩层年龄为１．４－１．６Ｍａ，西域组下段记录了高斯正极性 相似文献
10.
超覆型库岸老滑坡滑床前缘大多发育一砂卵石层,该砂卵石层的强渗透性将影响滑坡渗流场,从而影响滑坡的稳定性.以三峡库区万州中学老滑坡为例,在确定该滑坡中地下水作用模式为承压水含水层作用模式的基础上,假定砂卵石层的4种不同渗透系数,来研究在库水位波动条件下,滑床砂卵石层渗透性对滑坡稳定性的影响.分析表明,超覆型老滑坡砂卵石层的渗透系数不同,滑坡中浸润线也不同,渗透系数越小,浸润线越低,滑坡中地下水相对库水位的滞后效应越明显;库水位上升阶段、高水位运行阶段和下降初期,万州中学老滑坡各级滑坡的稳定性系数随砂卵石层渗透系数k2的增大而减小;库水位稳定在150 m时,老滑坡整体稳定性随k2的增大而增大,k2的变化对次级滑体和三级滑体的稳定性影响不明显.这对于库区老滑坡的复活和监测预警工程有较强的应用价值. 相似文献
11.
中国黄土高原滑坡灾害频发,且大多与降雨有关,而节理构造是导致黄土滑坡发生的重要因素之一。为进一步揭示节理对黄土滑坡的影响作用,本文以节理为研究切入点,基于实地考察,开展了预设节理工况下降雨诱发滑坡的大型物理模型试验。通过实时监测模型边坡内部土体含水率和孔隙水压力等指标参数随降雨过程的阶段性变化,分析了边坡内部节理裂隙的扩张与演化趋势,以及坡体位移和形变特征,对比揭示了节理的存在对于诱发滑坡的潜在机制及坡体响应规律。试验结果表明:节理对雨水在坡体内部的入渗具有明显的加速和促进作用,预设节理侧的边坡相对于不含节理侧,其土体含水率增速更快、增幅更大且影响范围更广;位于模型边坡中部的节理裂隙的张开度最大,含节理侧坡体的裂隙张开度约为不含节理侧的2倍,滑坡发生时,含节理侧的孔隙水压力的上升幅度相对较大;土体含水率对降雨的敏感度和变化幅度与埋深成反比,坡体浅表部含水率的响应较快且波动较大,而深部则相反。研究结果可为进一步厘清黄土滑坡的成因及破坏机理提供试验依据和理论参考。 相似文献
12.
为了研究水岩作用对蚀变岩劣化破坏的损伤机理,选取某边坡蚀变岩样为试验对象,对不同饱和-失水次数的蚀变岩进行了岩石力学试验。建立了数学关系式来表达水岩作用对蚀变岩力学性质的劣化规律,借助损伤率的概念分析了循环次数对蚀变岩力学性质的损伤作用。试验结果表明:在水岩作用下蚀变岩的力学性质产生了明显的劣化现象,随着循环次数的增多劣化效果越明显;当岩石的蚀变风化程度相同时,抗拉强度劣化程度最大,弹性模量次之,单轴抗压强度最小;在不同饱和-失水循环次数下,蚀变岩抗拉强度、弹性模量随次数的增加迅速减小,单轴抗压强度出现持续减小的现象;蚀变、风化程度越高的岩石对水岩作用表现出越强的敏感性,随着饱和-失水循环次数的增加,蚀变岩的劣化现象趋于稳定,抗拉强度的损伤率最大达到63%,弹性模量60%,单轴抗压强度48%。 相似文献
13.
V. B. Kaplun 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2013,7(3):151-166
The results of magnetotelluric sounding are analyzed along the Korfovo-Astashikha-Novosergeevka profile 200 km long in the south of the Amur-Zeya sedimentary basin. The Korfovo-Astashikha and Korfovo-Novosergeevka profiles were sounded in the AMT and AMT + MTS regimes with a step between the observation points of 1 and 5 km, respectively. The shape of the MTS curves, their variations along the profiles, the shape of the polar plots of the main and additional impedance, and the parameters of the heterogeneity (N) and asymmetry (skew) are characterized. The dimensions of the geological medium is estimated and methods of the interpretation of the magnetotelluric data are chosen. The geoelectric sections are constructed for the depths of 3 and 150 km. The structure and electric properties of the sedimentary cover, the Earth’s crust, and the upper mantle are characterized. The thickness of the sedimentary cover in the grabens of the basin attains 1.5–1.7 km. Blocks with various resistivities were identified in the basement. Based on the contrasting changing of the electric resistances, the thickness of the Earth’s crust was determined as 38–40 km, which agrees with that established by the seismic data. The geoelectric structure of the upper mantle of the basin is relatively simple. A layer of elevated resistivity from the first hundreds up to a thousand Ohm · m was identified in the background of the low electric resistivity (20–30 Ohm · m) of the mantle in the depth range of 50–80 km. This layer is discrete and divided on the blocks by the zones of the decreased resistivity penetrating to the middle part of the Earth’s crust and coinciding with faults of various origins. The petroleum prospectives are estimated for the individual grabens of the basin. 相似文献
14.
弱透水层储存的地下水是地下水资源的重要组成部分,弱透水层水文地质参数对地下水资源管理与评价以及地面沉降等具有重要意义。通过室内试验对定降深条件下弱透水层水流运移规律进行了研究,并探讨了弱透水层释水过程中的变形规律和释水规律。试验结果表明,在相邻含水层定降深条件下,弱透水层固结变形滞后于相邻含水层的降深变化,且变形速度逐渐变小并趋于零。基于室内试验,利用配线法求得弱透水层不同应力状态下的水文地质参数,对比分析,大变形和小变形试验中土层的渗透系数变化不大,但贮水率明显变小,土层的固结系数变大。因此,土层的应力历史对土层的渗透系数影响不大,而对贮水率有较大的影响。 相似文献
15.
Based on field geological survey and stratigraphic analysis, a Late Triassic Paleo-uplift is identified in the southwestern upper Yangtze region. The tectonic features, evolution history and tectonic significance of this paleo-uplift are discussed in detail in this paper. The results suggest that the hiatus of the Upper Triassic in the southwestern upper Yangtze region was resulted from the paleo-uplift that roughly parallel to the southwest margin of the upper Yangtze region. The formation of the paleo-uplift is related to the closure of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan-Songma-Babu and Ganzi-Litang Oceans and their subsequent collisional orogenesis along the southwest margin of the upper Yangtze region. The forebulges of the Youjiang and Chuxiong Foreland Basins were formed by the closure of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan-Songma-Babu Ocean, comprising the paleo-uplift at the end of the Early Triassic. Then the forebulge of the Xichang Foreland Basin was developed by the closure of the Ganzi-Litang Ocean in the Norian, and became a new part of the paleo-uplift. Owing to the termination of the Youjiang Foreland Basin at the end of the Rhaetian, the paleo-uplift was composed only of the forebulges of the Chuxiong and Xichang Foreland Basins. The discovery of the paleo-uplift will help us to better understand the prototype of the Sichuan Basin and the tectonic evolution of the southwestern upper Yangtze region during the Late Triassic. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved. 相似文献
16.
The results of the analysis of long-term radar research of the hailstorms over the central part of the Northern Caucasus are presented. Radar observations which formed the basis of experimental material were carried out continuously from the moment of the first radar echo registration until complete dissipation of the hailstorm. The computerized system of collecting, processing and the analysis of the radar information was used. Time discretization of the radar parameters of the full spatial observation averaged 3 min. Statistical sampling of radar data included 392 hail cells, for each of which the time distributions of the radar parameters both measured and calculated using the computerized system were compiled. Distribution of the hailstorms first radar echo formation zones over the observation region was compiled. Areas with the maximum frequency of the hailstorms first radar echo formation were defined. The hailstorm trajectories were analyzed. Four main types of hail cell trajectories were selected, which included 86 % of the supercells and 64 % of the long-lived multicells. The dynamic parameters of the hail core formation and development were analyzed. The hail storm characteristics of the Northern Caucasus are compared to the hail storms of Mendoza, Argentina, and Alberta, Canada. The bases of the organization of regional hail suppression services which use the rocket technology of cloud seeding are presented. The results of the cloud seeding operations during recent years are shown.
相似文献17.
Abundances of chemical elements in the Earth’s crust 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. A. Yaroshevsky 《Geochemistry International》2006,44(1):48-55
The evaluation of the abundances of chemical elements in the Earth’s crust is a pivotal geochemical problem. Its first solutions in the early 20th century formed the empirical groundwork for geochemistry and justified concepts about the unity of the material of the Universe, the genesis of the chemical elements, and the geochemical differentiation of the Earth. The accumulation of newly obtained data called for the revision of this problem, and a series of papers by A.P. Vinogradov, which were published in Geokhimiya in 1956–1962, presented reevaluated contents of elements in the continental crust. In these papers, A.P. Vinogradov relied on the classic idea of the geochemical balance of the sedimentary process. These generalizations provided the foundation for the quantitative characterization of the geochemical background of the biosphere and allowed Vinogradov to formulate the principles of the melting and degassing of material in the outer Earth’s shells during the geologic history, a concept that became universally acknowledged in modern geochemistry and geology. The composition of the Earth’s crust can also be evaluated based not on the principle of geochemical balance in the sedimentary process but on data on the actual abundances of major magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock types. The possibility of this solution was provided after the extensive research of A.B. Ronov, who managed to develop a quantitative model for the structure of the Earth’s sedimentary shell. Based on these data, A.B. Ronov, A.A. Yaroshevsky, and A.A. Migdisov published a series of papers in Geokhimiya in 1967–1985 that presented a model for the chemical structure of the Earth’s crust with regard for the material composing not only the upper part of the continental crust but also its deep-seated granulite-basite layer and the oceanic crust. The quantitative estimates thus obtained led the authors to important conclusions: first, it was demonstrated that the estimated abundances of elements in the granite-metamorphic layer of the continental crust presented in the classic works by A.P. Vinogradov are confirmed by independent materials, which are based on data on the actual abundance of rocks. Second, incredible as it was, the principle of geochemical balance in the sedimentary process in application to Ca and carbonates appeared to be invalid. This problem remains unsettled as of yet and awaits its resolution. 相似文献
18.
以美国LTV公司65B车装钻机单桅液压伸缩式井架的锁定装置为例,讨论了锁定装置的功用、设计要求、基本构造、工作原理和操作程序等。在此基础上,研讨了该装置主要零件的受力分析和强度计算方法。还分析了加工制造精度、井架上、下段间的配合间隙以及两者的搭接长度对锁定精度的影响。最后,对美国LTV公司65B车装钻机钻塔锁定装置的机械操纵方法提出了改为液压操纵的意见。 相似文献
19.
In the case of the dynamic analysis of the structures using the recorded earthquake ground motions, it is usually assumed that the ground motion consists of body waves propagating vertically. However, the response of a long and narrow structure may be influenced by the oblique propagation of body waves and the dispersion of surface waves. In this paper, the effects of the seismic wave propagation on the response of this kind of structure are investigated. The characteristics of the wave propagation were verified using the recorded motions and soil information at the building site. The ground motion at every input point of the building was evaluated using the difference of arrival time of seismic waves calculated by assuming the velocity and the direction of the wave propagation. Using these ground motions, response analyses of the lumped mass model for the structure were performed. By considering the characteristics of the seismic wave propagation, the average response decreased but the local response increased around the end of the roof. Further studies of the structure were also performed in order to restrain the response around the end of the roof. 相似文献
20.
新疆吉木萨尔大龙口非海相二叠系—三叠系界线层段古地磁特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对吉木萨尔县大龙口非海相二叠系-三叠系界线上下地层磁性特征的研究,在梧桐沟组-锅底坑组共发现78个极性异常,其中以负极性为主,间隔了一系列的正极性和过渡极性.梧桐沟组上部以负极性为主,间隔了2个正极性和过渡极性.这可与巴基斯坦盐岭和四川广元上寺的大隆组下部对比,即相当于Da段.梧桐沟组顶部和锅底坑组底部,正、负极性变化频繁,极性特征可与巴基斯坦盐岭和四川广元上寺大隆组中部对比,即相当于Db段.锅底坑组下部以负极性为主,间隔了2个正极性段,可与四川广元上寺大隆组中上部对比,即相当于Dc段.锅底坑组中下部以负极性为主,上部夹1个正极性段,可与四川广元上寺大隆组上部磁性特征对比,即相当于Dd段.锅底坑组中上部以负极性为主,间隔了4个正极性段,可与四川广元上寺飞仙关组下部对比,即相当于Fa段.根据磁性段的划分对比,将二叠系三叠系界线置于Fa和Dd之间,即本次研究测制剖面的41层和42层之间.根据各岩组的古地磁特征求得岩组形成时的古地磁极:梧桐沟组79.1°N,238.1°;锅底坑组72.3°N,322.2°;下三叠统77.5°N,320.8°.古纬度基本一致,为32°～35°N. 相似文献