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1.
YANG Tianshui LI Haiyan WU Huaichun YANG Zhenyu ZHANG Shihong HYODO Masayuki 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(5):1276-1288
A detailed paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic investigation spanning loess L7 to paleosol S8 has been carried out at the Baoji and Xifeng sections. Results of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility confirm that the studied loess–paleosol sediments retain primary sedimentary fabrics. Stepwise thermal demagnetization shows that two well-defined magnetization components can be isolated from both loess and paleosol specimens. A low-temperature component, isolated between 100°C and 200°C, is consistent with the present geomagnetic field direction, and a high-temperature component, isolated between 200–300°C and 620–680°C, includes clearly normal and reversed polarities. Isothermal remanent magnetization and thermomagnetic analyses indicate that characteristic remanent magnetization is mainly carried by magnetite and hematite. The Day plot, together with the stratigraphic variations of rock-magnetic parameters, shows that the uniformity of magnetic mineralogy and grain size fulfills the criteria for relative paleointensity (RPI) studies. RPI records have been constructed using natural remanent magnetization (NRM) intensity after thermal demagnetization at 300°C normalized by low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (NRM300/χ). The results show that the RPI record from the Baoji section, where pedogenesis is quite weak, is compatible with the stacked PISO-1500 paleointensity record, suggesting that it might reflect the paleointensity variation of the geomagnetic field. The RPI record from the Xifeng section, where pedogenesis is rather strong, indicates a clear dissimilarity with the stacked PISO-1500 paleointensity record, implying that it does not reflect the paleointensity variation of the geomagnetic field. Our new results show that the NRM300/χ from the strongly pedogenetic paleosols does not completely eliminate the pedogenetic (climatic) influence, so it might be unsuitable for a reliable paleointensity study. 相似文献
2.
《Quaternary International》1999,53(1):103-110
The magnetic enhancement of paleosol is observed in the Chinese loess. The origin of this magnetic enhancement is still very uncertain. It is, however, a key problem in correctly understanding the paleoclimatic significance of changes of magnetic susceptibility and in transferring the magnetic signals to paleoclimatic parameters. Two main models have been proposed to explain the mechanism of magnetic enhancement in paleosols: a depositional model and a pedogenic model. Together with composition and concentration, grain size distribution of magnetic minerals also plays an important role to the magnetic enhancement of paleosols. Systematic susceptibility measurements were carried out on the samples of the upper part (S0 to top of L2) of three loess sections from Jixian, Xifeng, and Xining, along an east–west transect in the loess plateau, China. The samples with the highest value of magnetic susceptibility in S1 and the lowest value in L2 of each section were selected as the representatives. These representatives were separated into different grain size fractions based on Stokes’ law for coarse grains and by centrifuge for fine grains. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility and mass have been carried out on these fractions. Results show that for the loesses magnetic susceptibility changes little in the fractions with different grain size and for the paleosols it increases with decreasing grain size. The magnitude of changes is bigger in the east (Jixian and Xifeng) than that in the west (Xining). The fraction with the finest particle size in paleosols does not show very high magnetic susceptibility values. A new approach is used to estimate the contribution of each fraction to total magnetic susceptibility. The contribution comes mainly from coarse grains (>10 μm) for loess samples. It reaches about 90%. The main contribution comes, however, from the particles with medium size (10–0.2 μm). The very fine grained particle (<0.3 μm), which is considered to be with the pedogenic origin, contributes little to the bulk magnetic susceptibility, no more than 3% because of their very little amount. This approach provides a sounder basis for the study of the origin of the magnetic susceptibility enhancement in paleosols and of the paleoclimatic significance of magnetic susceptibility of loess and paleosols. 相似文献
3.
黄土高原风尘序列的碳酸盐成因及其风化过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
碳酸盐是黄土高原风尘序列的主要组成部分,其含量与原生碳酸盐溶解、再沉淀,以及含钙硅酸盐化学风化强度等密切相关。碳酸盐在表生环境下极易移动,且其迁移变化受大气降水、温度等古气候所制约,因此黄土次生碳酸盐记录了古气候的重要信息。甘肃西峰赵家川剖面碳酸盐含量、磁化率的系统测定和风尘序列地质特征研究表明,在整个剖面中,碳酸盐含量和磁化率曲线呈显著的负相关,并从剖面上部到红粘土底部,碳酸盐含量有增加趋势。黄土、古土壤和红粘土沉积分别处在不同风化阶段:黄土化学风化最弱,处于钙质残积阶段,古土壤处于强烈钙质淋溶阶段和硅铝残积阶段,红粘土化学风化最强烈,处于硅铝残积阶段或红土化阶段;不同的化学风化阶段古气候性质有别。 相似文献
4.
环县剖面的古地磁研究结果表明，在第一层古土壤S1的上部和下部分别存在两个地磁场异常。通过剖面磁化率曲线与深海沉积物氧同位素曲线的对比，建立了地磁场变化的时间序列。S1上部记录的地磁场异常，年龄与挪威-格陵兰海及大西洋中发现的地磁异常年龄相当。S1下部的地磁异常，以磁偏角方向强烈摆动，偶极磁场强度明显下降为特征，其年龄与报道的布莱克事件的年龄相当，也与索马里海和地中海所记录的大幅度偶极磁场减弱相吻合，但与西宁剖面的记录不同的是，环县剖面记录的地磁场从没有达到完全的倒转，VGP曲线表现为围绕采样点旋转的经过南半球低纬地区的大环。这些特征表明，在偶极磁场减弱期，具有强烈区域性的非偶极磁场的变化可能对地磁场起着重要的作用。 相似文献
5.
西峰剖面高分辨记录指标研究及古气候重建 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对甘肃省西峰黄土- 红粘土剖面的夏季风替代性指标作了全面、系统的测试,包括磁化率、频率磁化率、碳酸盐、有机质和游离氧化铁的测定,并通过碳酸盐和磁化率值来初步恢复古气候变化特征。结果表明, 频率磁化率、有机质、游离铁和磁化率具有正相关关系,而碳酸盐变化与磁化率呈负相关,它们都可以很好地作为夏季风替代性指标。通过数学模型认为整个第四纪古气候变化大致可分为三个大的阶段：0~1.1 Ma BP,1.1~1.9 Ma BP和1.9~2.6 Ma BP。从0.1 Ma 以来,降水量和年均温都有降低趋势,说明气候向着越来越干冷的方向演化。 相似文献
6.
Variability of East Asian Winter Monsoon in Quaternary Climatic Extremes in North China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Huayu Lu Ko van Huissteden Jie Zhou Jef Vandenberghe Xiaodong Liu Zhisheng An 《Quaternary Research》2000,54(3):321
In order to examine high-frequency variations of East Asian winter monsoon in Quaternary climatic extremes, two typical loess–paleosol sequences in the Chinese Loess Plateau were investigated. Sandy layers in the loess deposits, the “Upper sand” and “Lower sand” (layers L9 and L15, respectively), which represent a high-resolution record of paleomonsoon changes, have been sampled at intervals of 5–6 cm from sections at Luochuan and Xifeng. The grain size and magnetic susceptibility was measured for all samples. The grain-size results (a proxy of winter monsoon strength) indicate that the winter monsoon strength fluctuated on a millennial timescale during cold climatic extremes, with climatic events of a few hundred to a few thousand years. However, the winter monsoon was relatively stable during warm periods. The magnetic susceptibility signal (a proxy of summer monsoon intensity) is practically constant over the same period. This is tentatively explained by the assumption that the summer monsoon intensity was too low to be recorded in the magnetic susceptibility signal. The intensified winter monsoon events show periodicities in a range of 1000 to 2770 yr, with a dominant cycle of approximately 1450 yr. The detection of this oscillation in older glacial stages strongly suggests that it may be a pervasive cycle of the cold climatic phases of the Quaternary. Millennial-scale variations of the winter monsoon may be caused by instability of the westerly jet, which is determined by temperature differences between the polar and the equatorial regions. 相似文献
7.
选择中国的黄土-古土壤序列的超磁细菌作为研究对象，以透射电镜、扫描电镜、生化实验和有机地球化学方法先后研究了从黄土地区陕西段家坡、甘肃西峰以及陕西洛川富集的趋磁细菌，结果表明，虽然趋磁细菌在黄土和古土壤层的形态有所差异，但它们均由细胞膜、细胞质和沿长轴排列的磁小体与气泡组成，在适宜的条件下它能生长出较多的磁小体。磁小体由氧化铁组成，并可从体内排出，使环境中部分Fe^2 转变为Fe^3 ，促使地层磁化率增高，尤其在古土壤层段，中国黄土剖面中趋磁细菌的产量是地表温度、湿度、pH、铁含量的函数，与湖沼中的趋磁菌相比，它在菌体形态、磁小体的数量与排列方式上有很大差距，因而中国西北黄土地区的趋磁细菌是典型的生态物种。 相似文献
8.
灵台红粘土—黄土—古土壤序列频率磁化率的古气候意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过对甘肃灵台晚新生代红粘土－黄土－古土壤序列的磁化率测量和频率磁化率分析，发现红粘土及黄土－古土壤的磁化率和频率磁化率化率存有良好的正相关关系，表明两套沉积在成壤过程中由生物作用或化学作用而形成的超顺磁性矿物含量，对磁化率和频率磁化率增大有重要的贡献。相比化率而言，受影响因素较少的频率磁化率变化，反映了不同气候条件下形成的超顺磁粒级铁磁矿物的相对含量，能更真实、敏感地记录不同时间尺度的古气候波动。灵台红粘土－黄土－古土壤序列的频率磁化等在2．6MaBP前后不同的变率特征，揭示了大冰期来临前后黄土高原的冷暖、干湿反差产生了显著变化，而与此相关的冬、夏季风变迁则表现出不同的组合特征。 相似文献
9.
泥河湾盆地东部出露一套厚近百米的以湖相为主的地层.我们测量了洞沟剖面的粒度和磁化率.通过磁化率记录的对比, 我们可以将前人确定的古地磁界线转移到我们的深度坐标上来, 并建立了初步的时间标尺.样品中粒径在20~50μm之间的颗粒含量时间序列可以与ETP曲线对比, 即低含量对应高ETP值.这样的对比意味着在北半球夏季太阳辐射量相对增加的时期, 进入泥河湾盆地沉积物中的风尘物质减少了.这与已知的北方风尘的演化历史是吻合的, 所以我们认为粒度(20~50μm) 含量是泥河湾盆地沉积物中比较可靠的古气候变化的替代性指标.对于沉积速率相对高的时段, 即 > 780ka的地层, 我们尝试用轨道调谐的方法建立了高分辨率的时间标尺.新的粒度(20~50μm) 含量时间序列滤波获得的20ka和41ka的周期成分与岁差及地轴倾斜度的理论值可以重合.这显示洞沟剖面的粒度(20~50μm) 含量记录可以作为轨道调谐的气候曲线. 相似文献
10.
长江中游是我国洪灾最为严重的地区,武汉江段是长江中游防洪重点.开展武汉地区长江古洪水研究,从而延长古洪水记录具有重要意义.选择长江武汉段堤后典型湖泊钻孔——ZK145钻孔,在沉积物岩性及沉积相分析的基础上,通过对岩心磁性特征和粒度特征分析,结合AMS 14C测年,对长江武汉段全新世古洪水频发期进行了研究.根据质量磁化率、频率磁化率曲线,将钻孔划分为5个沉积阶段.再结合中值粒径和砂含量,识别出9次特大古洪水事件,其年代为:10 580~10 510,10 280~10 200,9 690~9 670,9 530~9 500,8 660~8 450,7 700~75 00,6 270~5 910,4 850~4 800,3 560~3 500 cal.a BP,其中9 700~4 800 cal.a.BP为古洪水频发期.热磁曲线分析表明,古洪水沉积物的热磁曲线在510℃附近可见较明显的峰值,主导磁性矿物为磁铁矿.研究表明,质量磁化率高值、频率磁化率低值和较粗粒径为长江武汉段堤后湖泊古洪水沉积的识别标志. 相似文献
11.
New field investigations of the Achenheim sequence (Alsace, France) allow for the characterization of variations in the low-field magnetic susceptibility over most of the last climatic cycle, i.e., the past 130,000 yr. New stratigraphic data and thermoluminescence measurements permit reassessment of the previous chronological interpretation of the Upper Pleistocene at Achenheim. A high-resolution analysis of magnetic susceptibility discloses the occurrence of a fine-grained “marker” horizon which was also found recently in another section. This horizon is interpreted as a small-scale dust layer deposited prior to the main interval of loess deposition. The horizon, deposited at the marine isotope stage (MIS) 5/4 boundary, has been found in other loess sequences and is especially prevalent in central Europe. It is characterized by low susceptibility values and a grayish color. New thermoluminescence dates indicate that the loess deposition took place after the MIS 5/4 boundary, i.e., after 70,000 yr. These results are consistent with the Greenland GRIP ice-core dust record which also demonstrates a dusty atmosphere after 72,000 yr ago. On a more regional scale, the Achenheim loess sequence demonstrates a reliable correlation between the western side of the Eurasian loess belt and the dust record of the Greenland ice cores. 相似文献
12.
中国帕米尔地区黄土上部色度变化特征及古气候意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以中国境内帕米尔黄土-古土壤序列为研究对象,对剖面上部进行土壤色度指标与其他常用气候替代指标（如磁化率、碳酸盐和有机碳）对比研究后发现:在帕米尔黄土沉积期间,亮度L*很大程度上受控于颜色分量a*和b*,进而可能与影响a*、b*的物质相对含量有关。红度a*在整个黄土-古土壤剖面中变化特征明显,与磁化率呈明显的负相关关系,可能与土壤中铁氧化物的种类和含量关系密切。由于a*和b*具有较高的相关性,认为它们具有较为一致的致色物质,可能受控于相似的气候因子。色度a*、b*和亮度L*的变化表明其可以作为帕米尔地区良好的气候代用指标,结合磁化率共同反映该地区的古气候变化过程。 相似文献
13.
陇西黄土高原马兰黄土划分与末次冰期气候快速变化研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
陇西黄土高原马兰黄土内存在９个弱成壤组（层），记录末次冰期内多达２２个间冰段气候的环境状况。马兰黄土中部古土壤是末次冰期大间冰段的记录，共有上、中、下３层古土壤，含１１个亚层，尤以下层古土壤发育最好，表明当时气候较温暖湿润。 相似文献
14.
最直观、最直接的古气候记录莫过于陆相黄土地层,它由许多黄土和古土壤层叠覆而成,详细地记录了第四纪以来的古气候变化。黄土高原中部黄土和古土壤的风化和发育程度可以用磁学参数,如磁化率等来描述。本文作者对甘肃西峰剖面约13万年以来的黄土地层做了详细采样,测量其磁滞回线各参数,频率磁化率、低场和高场磁化率、温度磁化率、磁组构等参数。研究表明,黄土与古土壤中的磁性矿物组分相似而且稳定。磁铁矿、赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿(主要是磁铁矿)的含量及其颗粒大小决定了它们的磁学特征。黄土和古土壤的磁学性质差别主要受成土过程中形成细小磁铁矿的影响。 相似文献
15.
山间盆地中的碎屑沉积是周围山脉隆升信息的记录载体。本文对柴达木盆地中北部大红沟剖面砂岩中的碎屑含量进行了详细的分析。结果显示在34～8.5 Ma大红沟剖面的物源区性质没有发生改变,均为前陆隆升物源（foreland uplift provenance）。但是,砂岩中的石英、长石、岩屑含量均呈现了两阶段的演化特征,在12 Ma发生了快速的大幅变化。这些现象与以前通过沉积学、沉积速率、磁化率等分析获得的结果是一致的。成因上,这可能与12 Ma大红沟剖面北部的柴北缘褶皱逆冲带的构造复活有关。 相似文献
16.
南京下蜀土的岩石磁学特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对南京附近的下蜀土进行了岩石磁学测定，通过磁化率各向异性测量研究了它的沉积磁性组构特征，下蜀土的各异向性很不明显，各向异性废Ｐ小于水成岩的Ｐ值（＞１．０２），且与困面理度Ｆ高度相关，与磁线理度Ｌ相关不明显，这种特征与中国中部风成黄土极相似。对新生圩剖面进行的磁化率测量发现用化率曲线上有７个旋回的波峰、波谷变化，这与剖面中的古土壤－黄土系列相一致，说明下蜀土的剖面磁化率同样可以作为地层划分与对比，反映古气候冷暧变化的物理参数。对典型下蜀土样品进行的低温磁化率测量揭示出古土壤和黄土的成颗粒的构成不同，古土壤以超顺磁质为主，黄土以顺磁质为主。细小磁颗粒在古土壤中的积聚可能与古土壤的发育及古气候的暧湿程度有关。 相似文献
17.
游离铁(FeD)/全铁(FeT)比值被土壤学界用来反映土壤化学风化强度,并已在风尘堆积的古环境研究中得到较好应用。然而,迄今对第四纪黄土古风化强度的研究多集中于中更新世以来的序列,只有少数剖面的分析包含午城黄土。文章基于西峰剖面661个样品的FeD和FeT分析,建立了该剖面午城黄土的古风化强度序列,并与剖面原有1.2Ma以来的序列进行对比。结果表明,早更新世古土壤的风化强度与后期相比总体较低,而黄土层的风化强度总体偏高,反映了较小的冰期-间冰期反差; 古风化强度的波动总体上与深海氧同位素有较好的一致性,体现了全球冰量变化对我国北方季风环境的控制。2.6~1.6Ma期间,古土壤的平均风化强度在整个第四纪最低,指示了较弱的夏季风环境效应。从约1.6Ma开始到1.2Ma,古土壤和黄土层的风化强度均增加,并开始有较显著的约100ka周期。这些特征在深海氧同位素记录中没有表现,而与热带地区一些环境特征相吻合,从而指示了低纬过程对我国北方早更新世季风环境的显著影响。 相似文献
18.
河北坝上地区位于东亚季风气候边缘区,对气候变化响应敏感。丰宁黄土剖面为研究该区域长时间尺度的环境演化提供了理想材料。通过丰宁黄土剖面地球化学元素和磁化率分析,结合光释光测年结果,恢复了该地区230,ka BP以来的环境演化历史; 通过野外观察,识别出了S1古土壤之下发育的风化淋滤黄土层,探讨了S1古土壤发育时期的风化淋滤特征及其所揭示的气候变化问题。结果表明: (1)230,ka BP以来的磁化率记录可与深海氧同位素3—8阶段进行细节上的对比,表明丰宁黄土堆积区对全球气候变化有着积极的响应;(2)S1古土壤发育时期,由于受到强降水的影响,土壤中元素受到强烈淋溶从而向下迁移到L2黄土中,造成L2上部地球化学记录与磁化率的差异;(3)从S1古土壤顶部到钙结核层之间土壤属于酸性淋溶土,可能相当于现今中国北亚热带的黄棕壤,其剖面由土壤层、风化淋滤黄土层和CaCO3淀积层构成;(4)S1古土壤发育时期的温度和降水量与现今江苏泗洪和六合地区相当,表明当时研究区为亚热带气候。 相似文献
19.
对中国海相石炭—二叠系界线典型剖面陕西镇安西口剖面进行了生物地层、层序地层、磁性地层、事件地层多学科综合研究。在石炭—二叠系界线附近建立了4个牙形石生物带,自下而上依次为Streptogna-thoduselegantulus带,S·elongatus带,S·gracilis带和S·isolatus带。将研究区石炭—二叠系界线置于S·isolatus带的底界,较以带Pseudofusulinakrotowisphaeroidea-Dunbarinella(PD)带的底界为标志确定的石炭—二叠系界线层位低3·3m。在西口剖面上石炭统逍遥阶至下二叠统隆林阶,以初始海泛面作为层序界面,识别出12个四级层序(大体相当于副层序组),构成5个Ⅱ型三级层序。这5个三级层序及其对应的海平面变化与贵州独山、罗甸纳水、紫云扁平剖面同期地层中三级层序及海平面变化旋回之间显示出较好的对应关系。除下杨家河阶外,其余各阶的底界,包括逍遥阶、上杨家河阶、范家河阶、垭口阶及隆林阶的底界,基本上都位于沉积相转换点或其附近,即层序地层及海平面变化旋回的关键界面或其附近。表明这5个三级层序的关键界面与年代地层界线的关系相当密切。碳酸盐岩磁化率大小与碳酸盐岩微相存在一定的对应关系,显示相对海平面变化是控制碳酸盐岩磁化率大小的重要因素。另外,在重要地层界线附近常出现磁化率异常高值,说明碳酸盐岩磁化率可能作为地层划分对比的重要依据。西口地区晚石炭世逍遥期至早二叠世隆林期地层中可识别出两次明显的类辐射事件。第一次类辐射事件发生在Occidentoschwagerinaalpina-O·postgallowayi(OS)组合带底部,即下杨家河阶的底部。第二次辐射事件发生在Mccloudiaregularis-Par-aschwagerinafragosa-Robustoschwagerinaxiaodushanica(MPR)组合带底部,即范家河阶的底部。具有三级和三级以上隔壁的四射珊瑚动物群突然大量繁盛,代表四射珊瑚演化进程中一次重大变革。在陕西镇安石炭—二叠系界线附近,这个生物事件首现层位相当于类Pseudofusulinaurdalensi(PU)带下部,高于该带底界不到12m,以Xikouphyllum-Shaannanophyllum-Szechuanophyllum-Wentzellophyllum组合带为代表。在这个层位牙形石也发生了重要变化。各类地质事件记录出现的层位关系密切。在垭口阶底界各类地质事件记录吻合最好,隆林阶底界次之,然后是范家河阶底界。与上述3条界线相比,在镇安西口剖面上,以牙形石Streptognathodusisolatus的首现位置确定的石炭—二叠系界线事件地层特征不明显,既不是一个生物辐射演化面,碳酸盐岩磁化率变化也不太明显,在实际工作中不易使用。 相似文献
20.
Paleorainfall Reconstructions from Pedogenic Magnetic Susceptibility Variations in the Chinese Loess and Paleosols 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The rock magnetic properties of the Chinese loess and paleosols constitute a unique and sensitive record of East Asian paleoclimate through the Quaternary Period. Systematic variations in the concentration and grain size of the magnetic minerals in these sediments have produced systematic variations in the magnetic susceptibility signal, which can be easily and rapidly measured at many sites across the Loess Plateau. Variations in many other rock magnetic properties can be used to identify the key shifts in ferrimagnetic grain size, but magnetic susceptibility alone is sufficiently sensitive to record stadial and interstadial climate stages, as well as glaciations and interglaciations. Past changes in rainfall and monsoon activity for this region are reconstructed from the susceptibility variations. The susceptibility record is calibrated using the modern relationship between rainfall and pedogenic susceptibility on the Loess Plateau. Our rainfall reconstructions identify enhanced summer monsoonal activity in the Chinese Loess Plateau region in the early Holocene and the last interglaciation. In the presently semiarid western area of the plateau, annual precipitation in interglacial times was up to 80% higher than at present; in the more humid southern and eastern areas, values were up to 20% higher than today's levels. During the last glaciation, precipitation decreased across the entire plateau, typically by 25%. The relationship between pedogenic susceptibility, climate, and weathering age was examined over the Northern Hemisphere temperate zone and the observed positive correlation between rainfall and susceptibility indicates that climate, rather than soil age, is the predominant factor that controls pedogenic susceptibility enhancement in loess soils. 相似文献