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1.
在深水桥墩及桩基础等结构地震反应中,地震激励下的水流动水压力对水中结构的作用以及结构位形变化对水体的反作用,属于典型的流固强界面耦合问题。以一顶端伸出水面的圆柱式结构为研究对象,基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉描述的Navier-stokes方程,建立了考虑水流-结构强耦合效应的水流-结构三维有限元模型。以正弦位移波输入,考察结构材料模量、水流流速和水位、激振频率和位移幅值等多种因素,分析了结构表面作用的动水压力反应特征以及水流动力效应,探讨了水流动力效应的主要影响因素。结果表明：考虑流固强耦合作用时,结构表面作用的动水压力及其分布具有强烈的频率依赖性,高频激励可显著增强动水压力作用;由于结构周围流体具有一定的粘滞性及动载作用下具有较强的辐射阻尼效应,水流动力效应对结构的位移、内力反应均有一定的抑制作用;激振频率、水流流速和水位以及结构材料模量等因素,对水流动力效应均有一定的影响。 相似文献
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Verifying adequacy of the seismic deformation method by using real examples of earthquake damage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In a seismic design, the dynamic loads are generally dependent on the inertial interaction caused by earthquake. But for the foundations embedded in soil, the dynamic loads are influenced by both the inertial and kinematic interactions among superstructure, foundation and soil. Especially, when a foundation is embedded in soft surface ground, the effects due to the kinematic interaction increase and should be considered in seismic design. For this reason, a method called seismic deformation method (SDM), which is suitable for an intensive earthquake motion (level 2 earthquake motion), has been stipulated recently in a new design code called Seismic Design Code for railway structures (the Railway Code, drawn up by Railway Technical Research Institute, Japan, 1999) [Railway Technical Research Institute. Seismic Design Code for railway structures. Tokyo: Maruzen; 1999]. In order to grasp the suitability of the SDM to actual structures, pile foundations, which experienced the Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake, were taken as the objects for investigations. Comparison studies between the SDM analysis and reconnaissance were conducted. As a result, the adequacy of the SDM to actual foundations was confirmed to prove good agreement between the two results from the viewpoint of engineering practice.In addition, determination of indices for seismic-performance evaluation and speculation of damage mechanism of the foundations are also discussed in this paper. 相似文献
4.
The dynamic response of a finite number of flexible surface foundations subjected to harmonic incident Rayleigh or SH waves is presented. The foundations are assumed to be resting on an elastic half-space. The results show that the foundation stiffness has a marked effect on the vertical response, while there is only a minor effect on the horizontal displacements. In general, the dynamic response decreases with increasing foundation stiffness. In cases of Rayleigh wave incidence, the existence of an adjacent foundation generates a certain amount of horizontal response in the direction perpendicular to the incident wave and subsequently causes the system to undergo a torsional motion; while in cases of horizontally incident SH waves, a vertical response has been observed and its magnitude is comparable to the response in the direction of the incident wave. 相似文献
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The dynamic soil-tunnel interaction is studied by the model of a rigid tunnel embedded in layered half-space,which is simplified as a single soil layer on elastic bedrock to the excitation of P- and SV-waves.The indirect boundary element method is used,combined with the Green's function of distributed loads acting on inclined lines.It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of soil-tunnel interaction in layered half-space are different much from that in homogeneous half-space,and that the mechanism of soil-tunnel interaction is also different much from that of soil-foundation-superstructure interaction.For oblique incidence,the tunnel response for in-plane incident SV-waves is completely different from that for incident SH-waves,while the tunnel response for vertically incident SV-wave is very similar to that of vertically incident SH-wave. 相似文献
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以承受水平荷载为主的海上风力发电机在风、浪等荷载的共同作用下其结构—地基系统具有复杂的受荷特性,使得基础周围的地基土表现出复杂的应力变化特性。本文通过数值计算分析了海上风机上部结构所受水平荷载与波浪荷载的作用方向夹角以及荷载频率对地基土应力状态的影响,揭示了海上风机单桩结构地基土的典型应力时程变化及分布规律。结果表明海上风电结构地基土的应力幅值大小和主应力方向角都在发生变化,上部水平荷载与波浪荷载间的夹角以及二者的频率都对地基土的应力状态,特别是主应力方向角的旋转产生了很大影响。 相似文献
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Dario R. Somaini 《地震工程与结构动力学》1987,15(6):777-793
The results obtained from a parametric study on the influence of horizontally propagating waves for the earthquake behaviour of continuous girder bridges are presented. The investigation is performed for floating-supported bridges excited by an earthquake acting in their vertical planes. The shallow foundations are assumed to be supported on the surface of either a visco-elastic halfspace or a visco-elastic layer resting on an elastic halfspace. Steady-state response for harmonic excitation and transient response for an artificial time history are investigated. Approximate equations describing the influence of horizontally propagating waves are presented and criteria are derived indicating when an increase of the internal forces and of the relative motion between the girder and the abutments can be expected. 相似文献
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This paper is concerned with the dynamic response of rigid strip foundations of arbitrary geometry embedded in a homogeneous elastic half-space. The embedded rigid foundation is modelled by an equivalent domain in a uniform half-space which is subjected to an appropriate body force field. The components of the impedance matrix are determined through the solution of a linear simultaneous equation system which is established by invoking rigid body displacements of discrete locations within the equivalent domain and appropriate equilibrium consideration. It is found that high numerical efficiency and flexibility can be achieved using the body force model when compared to boundary integral formulations through the selection of appropriate displacement influence functions and a ‘parent domain’ in the analysis. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the influence of the embedment ratio, frequency of excitation, foundation geometry and Poisson's ratio on the vertical, horizontal, rocking and coupled impedances of a single embedded foundation. The effect on the impedance due to the presence of an adjacent embedment is investigated for various distances between foundations and embedment ratios. 相似文献
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The dynamic behaviour of a system of three-dimensional, massless, rigid, surface foundations of arbitrary shape perfectly bonded to the elastic half-space is numerically studied with the frequency domain boundary element method. This method employs the dynamic Green's function for the surface of the half-space and this results in a discretization of only the soil-foundation interfaces. In addition, use of isoparametric quadratic quadrilateral boundary elements increases the accuracy of the method, which is confirmed by comparison with other known numerical solutions. Externally applied loads, harmonically varying with time, are considered. The through the soil coupling effect between the foundations as a function of distance and frequency is assessed through extensive parametric studies involving two and four rigid foundations being isolated or interconnected. It is found that the assertion of ATC-3 regulations that omission of coupling effects leads to conservative results is not always correct for all frequencies. 相似文献
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The results of a parametric study on the dynamic interaction between adjacent foundations are presented. Addressed in this study are the effects of distance, direction of alignment, embedment and structural inertia. Several conclusions are drawn regarding the significance of each of these factors. 相似文献
11.
Y. K. Chow 《地震工程与结构动力学》1987,15(5):585-594
A numerical method of analysis is presented for the determination of the steady-state vertical vibration of rigid foundations with arbitrary three-dimensional geometries resting on the surface of a layered soil medium. The method utilizes the flexibility concept applied to steady-state periodic problems and it is solved in the frequency domain. The accuracy of the method is verified by comparison with several published solutions for massless, smooth rigid rectangular foundations on a homogeneous, isotropic elastic half-space. Parametric solutions are presented to study the dynamic behaviour of massless, smooth rigid rectangular foundations on a homogeneous, elastic stratum. 相似文献
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An efficient discrete model for predicting the dynamic through-the-soil interaction between adjacent rigid, surface foundations supported by a homogeneous, isotropic and linear elastic half-space is presented. The model utilizes frequency-independent springs and dashpots, and the foundation mass, for the consideration of soil–foundation interaction. The through-the-soil coupling of the foundations is attained by frequency-independent stiffness and damping functions, developed in this work, that interconnect the degrees of freedom of the entire system of foundations. The dynamic analysis of the resulting coupled system is performed in the time domain and includes the time lagging effects of coupled dynamic input due to wave propagation using an appropriate modification of the Wilson-θ method. The basic foundation interaction model is also extended to the evaluation of coupled building-foundation systems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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In this paper, different approaches aimed at investigating the dynamic behaviour of circular tunnels in the transverse direction are presented. The analysed cases refer to a shallow tunnel built in two different clayey deposits. The adopted approaches include 1D numerical analyses performed modelling the soil as a single-phase visco-elastic non-linear medium, the results of which are then used to evaluate the input data for selected analytical solutions proposed in the literature (uncoupled approach), and 2D fully coupled FE simulations adopting visco-elastic and visco-elasto-plastic effective stress models for the soil (coupled approach). The results are proposed in terms of seismic-induced loads in the transverse direction of the tunnel lining. The different constitutive hypotheses adopted in the coupled numerical approach prove to play a significant role on the results. In particular, the plasticity-based analyses indicate that a seismic event can produce a substantial modification of loads acting in the lining, leading to permanent increments of both hoop force and bending moment. 相似文献
14.
A general procedure is presented to study the dynamic soil–structure interaction effects on the response of long-span suspension and cable-stayed bridges subjected to spatially varying ground motion at the supporting foundations. The foundation system is represented by multiple embedded cassion foundations and the frequency-dependent impedance matrix for the multiple foundations system takes into account also the cross-interaction among adjacent foundations through the soil. To illustrate the potential implementation of the analysis, a numerical example is presented in which the dynamic response of the Vincent–Thomas suspension bridge (Los Angeles, CA) subjected to the 1987 Whittier earthquake is investigated. Although both kinematic and inertial effects are included in the general procedure, only the kinematic effects of the soil–structure interaction are considered in the analysis of the test case. The results show the importance of the kinematic soil–foundation interaction on the structural response. These effects are related to the type, i.e. SH-, SV-, P- or Rayleigh waves and to the inclination of the seismic wave excitation. Moreover, rocking components of the foundation motion are emphasized by the embedment of the foundation system and greatly alter the structural response. 相似文献
15.
The problem of the dynamic response of rigid embedded foundations subjected to the action of external forces and seismic excitation is analysed. It is shown that to calculate the response of rigid embedded foundations, or the response of flat rigid foundations subjected to non-vertically incident seismic waves, it is necessary to obtain not only the impedance matrix for the foundation, but also the forces induced by the incident seismic waves. Under these general conditions, rocking and torsional motion of the foundation is generated in addition to translation. The case of a two-dimensional rigid foundation of semi-elliptical cross-section is used as an example to illustrate the effects of the embedment depth and angle of incidence of the seismic waves on the response of the foundation. 相似文献
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Solutions for the displacements caused by dynamic loads in a viscoelastic transversely-isotropic medium are derived. The medium extends horizontally to infinity, but is bounded below by a rigid base. Stratification of the medium presents no difficulties. The medium is discretized in the vertical direction only; discretization in the horizontal direction is obviated by use of analytical solutions to the equations of motion. Application of the displacement solutions to soil-structure interaction is illustrated. A soil flexibility matrix (and hence, a stiffness matrix) for a surface foundation follows directly from the displacement solutions. A simple modification to obtain the soil stiffness for an embedded foundation of arbitrary geometry is described. Stiffnesses of rigid surface and embedded foundations are computed and compared with previously published results. In addition, the dynamic stiffness of a rigid surface foundation on a soil layer with linearly increasing shear modulus is compared to that for a homogeneous soil layer. A reduction in radiation damping is found to result from the inhomogeneity. 相似文献
17.
Ugo Andreaus 《地震工程与结构动力学》1990,19(8):1181-1196
In the present paper a two-degree-of-freedom system is considered which allows the simulation of rigid blocks uplifting and sliding on frictional foundations; the monolateral constraint between block and base is schematized by means of a joint model, which allows the contact problem to be discretized. The joint model is governed by normal and shear constitutive laws, which have been derived by the phenomenological behaviour of stone blocks and rock joints, as given by rock mechanics. Furthermore, a numerical procedure has been developed in order to solve the non-linear equations governing the motion of the block-base system, and to analyse the dynamic response of this system under seismic excitation; particular attention has been paid to the influence of the vertical displacement on the slip response. 相似文献
18.
提出了一种新的以层状半空间中周期分布斜线荷载动力格林函数为基本解的间接边界元方法,研究了周期分布凸起地形对平面SH波的散射问题.方法将散射波场分解为凸起内部散射波场和凸起外部散射波场.凸起内部散射波场通过在凸起闭合边界上施加虚拟斜线荷载产生的动力响应来模拟,而凸起外部散射波场则通过在凸起与半空间交界面上施加虚拟周期分布斜线荷载产生的动力响应来模拟.周期分布斜线荷载动力格林函数的引入,使得本文方法仅需针对一个凸起进行边界单元的离散和求解,便可完成问题的求解,避免了通过截断无限边界求解而引入的误差,方法具有较高精度的同时显著降低了求解自由度.文中通过与已有结果的比较,验证了方法的正确性,并以均匀半空间和基岩上单一土层中周期分布凸起为例进行了数值计算分析.研究表明,凸起间距对凸起地形间的动力相互作用有着显著的影响,同时层状半空间中周期分布凸起地形对SH波的散射与均匀半空间情况也有着显著的差别. 相似文献
19.
Fixed offshore platforms supported by pile foundations are required to resist dynamic lateral loading due to wave forces. The response of a jacket offshore tower is affected by the flexibility and nonlinear behaviour of the supporting piles. For offshore towers supported by clusters of piles, the response to environmental loads is strongly affected by the pile–soil–pile interaction. In the present study, the response of fixed offshore platforms supported by clusters of piles is investigated. The soil resistance to the pile movement is modelled using dynamic p–y curves and t–z curves to account for soil nonlinearity and energy dissipation through radiation damping. The load transfer curves for a single pile have been modified to account for the group effect. The wave forces on the tower members and the tower response are calculated in the time domain using a finite element package (ASAS). Several parameters affecting the dynamic characteristics of the platform and the platform response have been investigated. 相似文献
20.
R. Uzuoka M. Cubrinovski H. Sugita M. Sato K. Tokimatsu N. Sento M. Kazama F. Zhang A. Yashima F. Oka 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(6):436-452
The 1995 Kobe earthquake seriously damaged numerous buildings with pile foundations adjacent to quay walls. The seismic behavior of a pile group is affected by movement of quay walls, pile foundations, and liquefied backfill soil. For such cases, a three-dimensional (3-D) soil–water coupled dynamic analysis is a promising tool to predict overall behavior. We report predictions of large shake table test results to validate 3-D soil–water coupled dynamic analyses, and we discuss liquefaction-induced earth pressure on a pile group during the shaking in the direction perpendicular to ground flow. Numerical analyses predicted the peak displacement of footing and peak bending moment of the group pile. The earth pressure on the pile in the crustal layer is most important for the evaluation of the peak bending moment along the piles. In addition, the larger curvatures in the bending moment distribution along the piles at the water side in the liquefied ground were measured and predicted. 相似文献