共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Steven A. Stage 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1983,26(3):269-287
The model for the cloud-topped marine boundary layer during a cold air outbreak developed by Stage and Businger (1981a) is used in conjunction with a test profile based on a fall outbreak episode over Lake Ontario to study factors influencing marine boundary-layer evolution. Sensitivity tests are done which show changes in layer evolution resulting from variation of wind speed, radiative sky temperature, water surface temperature, humidity of the shoreline sounding and divergence. The behavior of the layer in the presence of a region of cold-water upwelling near the shore is also investigated. It is found that the main effect of the upwelling region is to delay modification of the boundary-layer air. 相似文献
2.
Mellissa C. MacKellar Hamish A. McGowan Stuart R. Phinn Joshua S. Soderholm 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2013,146(2):319-340
Over warm, shallow coral reefs the surface radiation and energy fluxes differ from those of the open ocean and result in modification to the marine atmospheric boundary layer via the development of convective internal boundary layers. The complex interrelationships between the surface energy balance and boundary-layer characteristics influence local weather (wind, temperature, humidity) and hydrodynamics (water temperature and currents), as well as larger scale processes, including cloud field properties and precipitation. The nature of these inter-relationships has not been accurately described for coral reef environments. This study presents the first measurements of the surface energy balance, radiation budget and boundary layer thermodynamics made over a coral reef using an eddy-covariance system and radiosonde aerological profiling of the lower atmosphere. Results show that changes in surface properties and the associated energetics across the ocean-reef boundary resulted in modification to the marine atmospheric boundary layer during the Austral winter and summer. Internal convective boundary layers developed within the marine atmospheric boundary layer over the reef and were found to be deeper in the summer, yet more unstable during the winter when cold and drier flow from the mainland enhances heat and moisture fluxes to the atmosphere. A mixed layer was identified in the marine atmospheric boundary layer varying from 375 to 1,200 m above the surface, and was deeper during the summer, particularly under stable anticyclonic conditions. Significant cloud cover and at times rain resulted in the development of a stable stratified atmosphere over the reef. Our findings show that, for Heron Reef, a lagoonal platform reef, there was a horizontal discontinuity in surface energy fluxes across the ocean-reef boundary, which modified the marine atmospheric boundary layer. 相似文献
3.
在科技部公益专项"沙尘气溶胶辐射模型及气候环境生态效应研究"支持下,执行期间在二连浩特气象站用GFE(L)1型二次测风雷达和GTS1型数字式探空仪,于2006年4月24~25日对内蒙古高原半干旱荒漠化草原地区春季典型晴日边界层特征进行了加密探测。结果表明:二连浩特地区边界层的日变化大,对流边界层最大高度可以达到2000 m,超绝热层平均高度为270 m,夜间稳定边界层高度可达到900 m;白天在4000 m附近存在高空急流,最大风速达到29 m.s-1;夜间近地面层有东风急流,其高度在250 m左右,观测日低空急流最强时间是在23:00,风速达到16 m.s-1;边界层内湿度变化较大,呈现多层逆湿结构。 相似文献
4.
分别基于微波辐射计温湿度廓线资料的气块法、位温法和比湿法,地面气象资料的罗氏法及气溶胶激光雷达数据的梯度法,计算得出广州地区大气边界层高度,对比分析5种边界层高度结果及其与气象条件、空气质量之间的关系,结合典型大气污染过程分析边界层高度对PM2.5、O3浓度的影响。结果显示：(1)利用位温法、气块法、罗氏法、比湿法和梯度法计算得出广州地区平均边界层高度分别为2 207 m、1 239 m、901 m、717 m和660 m,位温法显著高估了广州地区的边界层高度;(2)利用气块法得出的混合层高度日变化能够较好地表征白天大气边界层演变特征,利用气块法和比湿法得出的白天混合层高度与近地面O3浓度有显著的正相关关系,相关系数在0.5以上,在O3污染防治中,应同时考虑边界层内垂直输送的影响;(3)利用梯度法得出的边界层高度在污染天气时与PM2.5浓度的相关性较好,能较好地表现出大气污染情况,在PM2.5污染天气过程分析中具有较好的应用价值。 相似文献
5.
G. Mastrantonio V. Malvestuto S. Argentini T. Georgiadis A. Viola 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1999,71(1-2):127-132
Summary The development of a convective boundary layer over the Antarctic Plateau is documented by a Doppler minisodar data-set recorded
during a 10 day campaign in January 1997. The vertical velocities associated with thermals do not exceed 1 m/s, while the
depth of the convective layer, usually less than 200 m, never surpasses 300 m. Measurements of momentum flux, sensible heat
flux, wind speed and radiation budget show characteristics that are typical of a convective boundary layer evolution. The
diurnal behaviour of absolute humidity, however, exhibits features that are not expected, e.g. anticorrelation with incoming
net radiation and air temperature.
Received October 30, 1998 Revised May 26, 1999 相似文献
6.
风云三号微波观测资料的海雾同化模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
数值模式边界层物理过程和初值场条件的欠缺是海雾模拟准确率偏低的主要原因。本文为改进模式初始场,开展针对海雾模拟的卫星观测资料同化试验,将质量控制和偏差订正后的FY-3A卫星微波湿度计（MWHS）和微波温度计（MWTS）的优选通道数据,经3DVar（Three-dimensional variational data assimilation）进入WRF模式以试验其对黄、渤海海雾模拟的影响。通过分析静止气象卫星检测到的海雾区模拟大气温、湿场同化分析增量,发现代表环境场条件的海雾类型及模式对其模拟能力的差异,显著影响了同化效果,表现为同化对模式模拟能力较强的平流冷型海雾改进明显,对模拟效果不甚理想的非典型混合过程中的暖型海雾阶段则基本没有改进效果。为寻找原因,对包括海雾区低层大气模拟场逆温结构在内的温湿度场与邻近探空观测进行了对比,分析了随时间演变的海雾格点温、湿场同化分析增量,发现冷型海雾区格点同化分析增量能弥补观测—模拟差异,使气温调减,相对湿度调增,同时水汽和液态水也出现负相关的变化,边界层相关热力动力场同化分析增量在垂直方向也有配合迹象,相比而言,主体是暖型海雾的非典型过程则未见此类现象和其他的有益调整迹象。 相似文献
7.
8.
Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Dynamics with Constant Bowen Ratio 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Amilcare Porporato 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,132(2):227-240
Motivated by the observation that the diurnal evolution of sensible and latent heat fluxes tends to maintain a constant Bowen
ratio, we derive approximate solutions of the ordinary differential equations of a simplified atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL)
model. Neglecting the early morning transition, the potential temperature and specific humidity of the mixed layer are found
to be linearly related to the ABL height. Similar behaviour is followed by the inversion strengths of temperature and humidity
at the top of the ABL. The potential temperature of the mixed layer depends on the entrainment parameter and the free-atmosphere
temperature lapse rate, while the specific humidity also depends on the free-atmosphere humidity lapse rate and the Bowen
ratio. The temporal dynamics appear only implicitly in the evolution of the height of the boundary layer, which in turn depends
on the time-integrated surface sensible heat flux. Studying the limiting behaviour of the Bowen ratio for very low and very
large values of net available energy, we also show how the tendency to maintain constant Bowen ratio during midday hours stems
from its relative insensitivity to the atmospheric conditions for large values of net available energy. The analytical expression
for the diurnal evolution of the ABL obtained with constant Bowen ratio is simple and provides a benchmark for the results
of more complex models. 相似文献
9.
利用2004年6—7月武汉每天两个时次探空资料计算出的可降水量以及各层的比湿和相对湿度，对比分析各种水汽量的垂直分布以及逐日演变特征，探讨了2004年梅雨期武汉上空水汽的演变及其与暴雨的关系。结果表明，武汉上空大气中水汽含量随高度递减，90％以上的水汽集中在700hPa以下；7月的水汽含量高于6月；武汉上空出现整层比湿增长或中高层比湿增长可导致整层相对湿度明显增长，而且增长的幅度随高度递增；在暴雨分析预报中，分析中高层水汽演变好于分析低层水汽演变；采用整层平均相对湿度和可降水量结合分析整层水汽演变以及将中高层平均的比湿和相对湿度结合分析中高层水汽演变时，对暴雨预报均有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
10.
川西西南涡加密探空资料分析及数值模拟试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用2010年夏,在名山、九龙、稻城三地进行的西南涡加密观测试验所取得的探空资料对川西地区的大气要素场的日变化特征进行分析,认为:3个测站的大气各个要素场的日变化特征明显,整层的风都具有日变化特征,边界层内风场的日变化更为规律一些,能观测到明显的夜间大风速带.温度和湿度场主要受下垫面影响,日变化特征只在边界层内体现.名山平均的边界层高度约为800hPa,九龙和稻城平均的边界层高度约为500hPa.3个测站相比而言,名山站的日变化幅度最小,而九龙站最为突出.将加密的探空资料引入AREM模式中,可以看到在有西南低涡存在的情况下,增加3个探空站资料后形成的初始场更有利于降水天气的产生.但主导整个模拟结果的因素还是模式系统本身,它对模拟结果产生效力主要在前24小时,其后的影响非常微弱. 相似文献
11.
The evolution of the boundary layer on day 33 of the Wangara experiment in southeast Australia is calculated with a higher-order-closure turbulence model. This model, which includes equations for the mean field as well as the second moments of the turbulent field, is described in detail. The mean profiles of wind, temperature, and humidity, the profiles of heat and humidity fluxes, the Reynolds stress distributions, and the height of the boundary layer are shown between 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. The results agree well with those from Deardorff's 3-D simulation and take relatively little computer time. 相似文献
12.
Timothy Bonin Phillip Chilson Brett Zielke Evgeni Fedorovich 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2013,146(1):119-132
The evolution of the lower portion of the planetary boundary layer is investigated using the Small Multifunction Research and Teaching Sonde (SMARTSonde), an unmanned aerial vehicle developed at the University of Oklahoma. The study focuses on the lowest 200 m of the atmosphere, where the most noticeable thermodynamic changes occur during the day. Between October 2010 and February 2011, a series of flights was conducted during the evening hours on several days to examine the vertical structure of the lower boundary layer. Data from a nearby Oklahoma Mesonet tower was used to supplement the vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, and pressure, which were collected approximately every 30?min, starting 2 h before sunset and continuing until dusk. From the profiles, sensible and latent heat fluxes were estimated. These fluxes were used to diagnose the portion of the boundary layer that was most affected by the early evening transition. During the transition period, a shallow cool and moist layer near the ground was formed, and as the evening progressed the cooling affected an increasingly shallower layer just above the surface. 相似文献
13.
Hans Økland 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1983,25(2):121-141
A vertically integrated model of a developing boundary layer over a wet surface is presented, and the expected change in the relative humidity is discussed. For the case of cold air moving over a water surface of constant temperature, analytical solutions of the model equations are obtained, giving the height, temperature and relative humidity of the boundary layer as functions of the distance travelled by the air column. The relation to the problem of sea smoke is discussed. 相似文献
14.
WRF模式对青藏高原那曲地区大气边界层模拟适用性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式4种边界层参数化方案对青藏高原那曲地区边界层特征进行了数值模拟,并利用"第三次青藏高原大气科学试验"在青藏高原那曲地区5个站点的观测资料对模拟结果进行验证,分析不同参数化方案在那曲地区的适用性。研究表明,YSU、MYJ、ACM2和BouLac方案对2 m气温和地表温度的模拟偏低。BouLac方案模拟的地表温度偏差较小。通过对能量平衡各分量的对比分析发现,温度模拟偏低可能是向下长波辐射模拟偏低以及感热通量和潜热通量交换过强导致的。对于边界层风、位温和相对湿度垂直结构的模拟,局地方案的模拟效果均优于非局地方案。BouLac方案对那曲地区近地层温度、边界层内位温和相对湿度的垂直分布模拟效果较好。 相似文献
15.
SENSITIVITY TESTS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN LAND SURFACE PHYSICAL PROCESS AND ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In this paper,an interactive model between land surface physical process and atmosphereboundary layer is established,and is used to simulate the features of soil environmental physics,surface heat fluxes,evaporation from soil and evapotranspiration from vegetation and structures ofatmosphere boundary layer over grassland underlying.The sensitivity experiments are engaged inprimary physics parameters.The results show that this model can obtain reasonable simulation fordiurnal variations of heat balance,soil volumetric water content,resistance of vegetationevaporation,flux of surface moisture,and profiles of turbulent exchange coefficient,turbulentmomentum,potential temperature,and specific humidity.The model developed can be used tostudy the interaction between land surface processes and atmospheric boundary layer in cityregions,and can also be used in the simulation of regional climate incorporating a mesoscalemodel. 相似文献
16.
SENSITIVITY TESTS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN LAND SURFACE PHYSICAL PROCESS AND ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER* 
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下载免费PDF全文 LIU Shuhu WEN Pinghui ZHANG Yunyan HONG Zhongxiang HU Fei LIU Huizhi 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2002,16(4):451-469
In this paper,an interactive model between land surface physical process and atmosphere boundary layer is established,and is used to simulate the features of soil environmental physics,surface heat fluxes,evaporation from soil and evapotranspiration from vegetation and structures of atmosphere boundary layer over grassland underlying.The sensitivity experiments are engaged in primary physics parameters.The results show that this model can obtain reasonable simulation for diurnal variations of heat balance,soil volumetric water content,resistance of vegetation evaporation,flux of surface moisture,and profiles of turbulent exchange coefficient,turbulent momentum,potential temperature,and specific humidity.The model developed can be used to study the interaction between land surface processes and atmospheric boundary layer in city regions,and can also be used in the simulation of regional climate incorporating a mesoscale model. 相似文献
17.
沙漠-绿洲大气边界层结构的数值模拟 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8
利用美国NCAR新版中尺度MM5V3．6非静力平衡模式,采用三重嵌套的模拟方法,模拟研究了沙漠绿洲的环流及边界层特征。结果表明：在没有西风气流背景的影响下,绿洲沙漠环流和大气边界层结构是对称的。沙漠绿洲改变了原有沙漠地区环流结构及温、湿场的分布,绿洲上空大气下沉,沙漠上空大气上升,从而产生了绿洲上空大气冷干,沙漠上空大气暖湿的边界层特征。绿洲边缘形成了由干到湿的强湿度梯度带围绕着绿洲,起到了保护绿洲的作用。在有西风背景气流的影响下,绿洲沙漠环流和大气边界层结构是非对称的。但是,西风背景气流的存在可以破坏绿洲系统对称的环流结构,不利于绿洲系统的稳定发展。 相似文献
18.
本文基于多年连续观测所得的九龙站加密探空资料,通过对比分析,认识到该站的边界层大气在夏季呈现以下特征:大气温度/湿度随高度增长而降低,不同时次温度/湿度的差异主要集中在中低层大气中,越靠近地面大气温度/湿度差异越突出。从不同时次的表现来看,08时的温度最低,14时温度值最高。08时和14时大气的比湿较小,02时和20时的大气比湿较大。位温则是随高度增长,最大差异出现在3320m以下大气层中,14时和20时位温廓线存在明显的绝热及超绝热现象,该2个时次大气边界层表现为明显的混合边界层特征,低层大气层结为静力不稳定。而08时和02时的大气廓线则呈现稳定边界层特征。四个时次风速廓线都是次地转的,边界层内某一高度皆有一个风速极大值出现,20时边界层内风速极大值最大。地表物理量逐日演变情况为:08时温度最低,其次是02时,然后是20时,最高温度出现在14时,这个时次的变动幅度也最为显著。14时、08时比湿均值最小,20时、02时平均比湿较大,20时变幅最大。最低气压出现在20时,其次是14时,然后是08时,最高气压出现在02时,20时变幅最大。02时地面风速最小,其次是08时,再次为20时,14时风速最大,变动幅度最大。 相似文献
19.
DISTRIBUTION OF AEROSOL EXTINCTION IN THE LOWER TROPOSPHERE BY MICRO-PULSE LIDAR OBSERVATION 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The profiles of aerosol extinction coefficients are investigated by micro-pulse lidar(MPL)combined with the meteorological data in the lower troposphere at Meteorological ResearchInstitute(MRI).Japan.Larger extinction values of aerosol are demonstrated in the nocturnalstable air layer with larger Richardson number,and light wind velocities are favorable for aerosolconcentrating in the planetary boundary layer(PBL).But aerosol extinction coefficients showlarger values over the altitudes of 2.0 to 5.0km where correspond to higher relative humidity(RH).The tops of PBL identified by the aerosol extinction profiles almost agree with ones byradiosonde data.The diurnal variations of aerosol extinction profiles are clearly displayed,intensive aerosol layers usually are formed over the period of mid-morning to 1400 Loeal Time(LT).then elapse in the cloudless late afternoon and nighttime.Thermal eonvection or turbulenttransport from the surfaee probably dominates these temporal and spatial changes of aerosoldistribution. 相似文献
20.
通过研究暴雨过程中湿度场的垂直分布，发现暴雨发生前在对流层中层（600～400 hPa）存在着一个干层。并据此深入研究了干层的时间演变、成因及引起强天气的机制等。结果表明:垂直方向上湿度的变化非常迅速；干层在暴雨发生前形成，在暴雨发生后逐渐减弱消失；暴雨过程中的干层与其它强天气（雷雨大风、冰雹）过程中的干层有明显不同；干层的上方是深厚的对流稳定层，干层的下方是深厚的对流不稳定层。 相似文献