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Daniel Sui 《Transactions in GIS》2014,18(1):1-24
The field of GIS (S for Systems, Sciences, Services, and Studies) is at a cross‐road in the early 2010s. Aiming to link the multiple visions for the next phase of GIS development, this article suggests that the emerging open GIS should serve as a guiding concept. Contextualized in the broader literature of open science, this article proposes open GIS should include eight dimensions related to data, software, hardware, standards, research, publication, funding, and education. For the GIS community, open GIS offers four exciting opportunities: (1) technology‐driven opportunities for addressing challenges posed by the (spatial) big data deluge; (2) application‐led opportunities for confronting the problems of a rapidly changing planet; (3) curiosity‐inspired, crowd‐powered opportunities for the development of an open and geographic citizen science; and (4) education‐focused opportunities for implementing the vision of a spatial university. Although there are academic, legal, social/political, and environmental impediments for the practice of open GIS, open GIS will become increasingly important in shaping our research and educational agendas in the future. 相似文献
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GIS软件开源可有效促进GIS软件技术的发展,这也是GIS技术发展的趋势之一。目前,国内还没有跨平台的专业桌面GIS开源软件。本文研究并实现了跨平台的开源桌面GIS软件-SuperMap iDesktop Cross,采用C++语言实现了GIS功能内核,同时基于OSGi框架,采用Java语言实现了用户界面开发。该软件具备数据管理、数据处理、三维可视化、空间分析等GIS功能,同时提供应用程序编程接口（API）,支持定制开发。这将使专业桌面GIS软件广泛应用于包括Linux在内的更广泛的操作系统,使更多的人参与到GIS软件技术的发展中来,共同推动国产GIS软件技术的发展。 相似文献
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近年来，开源GIS软件取得迅猛发展，越来越多的科研机构、企业和组织开展了开源GIS软件开发和应用研究。本文首先综述了当前主流的开源G1S软件及其典型应用，讨论了开源GIS软件版权许可形式；其次，分别从模块功能、体系架构和开发使用环境等方面分析了主流开源桌面GIS软件和WebGIS的特点，并提出研发和教学方面开源GIS软件选择的建议；最后，讨论了基于GeoServer、Nasa World Wind、MapServer和SharpMap四种开源GIS软件在地图制图、3维可视化表达、网络地理信息服务和移动GIS软件等方面的典型应用实例，对开源GIS的应用和发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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Use of a Three-Domain Repesentation to Enhance GIS Support for Complex Spatiotemporal Queries 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
May Yuan 《Transactions in GIS》1999,3(2):137-159
As the development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) proceeds to advanced scientific and societal applications, there is an emerging need to enhance GIS support for complex spatiotemporal queries. Dynamic GIS representations (as opposed to static, map-based representations) that can integrate proper data elements in the production of geographic information are required. This paper demonstrates the use of a three-domain representation that facilitates compilation of higher-level information (such as frequency and rate) from preliminary data records (such as time and location) stored in a database. The three-domain representation is compared with snapshot, space-time composite, and spatiotemporal object models using a sample data set for forest transitions. While the three-domain representation is a normalization of these data models, it offers a conceptual alternative that enables GIS to represent spatiotemporal behaviors of geographic entities, in addition to entities as well as histories at locations as emphasized in most GIS data models. The comparison shows that the three-domain representation has combined the strengths of the space-time composite and spatiotemporal object models. Moreover, it enables aggregations of analytical use along with dynamic mappings between geographic concepts and locations, a distinct capability that takes GIS query processing beyond the level of information support offered by static map-based data models. 相似文献
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随着地理信息知识结构的不断发展，社会人才需求呈现多样性，传统的本科教学方式不足以应对高水平的科研和工作要求，更科学高效的本科培养方案亟待提出。为响应以“成人”统领“成才”的教学指导方针，将GIS的基础理念、专业知识和方法技术贯彻到本科生的教学之中，本文提出GIS本科教育3个创新思想——开放、开源与开发，创建了一套“多学科、多方法、多技巧”的立体式培养方案，结合地理信息科学的专业特点在现有教学方式的基础上进行了突破性的设想和改革，将GIS的本科教学变成一种知识领域更加全面、方法技术更加前沿、实践方式更加多样的专业人才培养模式。该教学理念有利于本科学生充分认识所学知识，在理论基础的支持上能更快速地提升空间思维素养和增强实践开发能力，是GIS本科教育方法上的有益探索。 相似文献
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Miriam Baglioni Emiliano Giovannetti Maria Vittoria Masserotti Chiara Renso Laura Spinsanti 《Transactions in GIS》2008,12(Z1):31-44
Querying geographical information systems has been recognized as a difficult task for non‐expert users. Furthermore, user queries are often characterized by semantic aspects not directly managed by traditional spatial databases or GIS. Examples of such semantic geospatial queries are the use of implicit spatial relations between objects, or the reference of domain concepts not explicitly represented in data. To handle such queries, we envisage a system that translates natural language queries into spatial SQL statements on a database, thus improving standard GIS with new semantic capabilities. Within this general objective, the contribution of this article is to introduce a methodology to handle semantic geospatial queries issued over a spatial database. This approach captures semantics from an ontology built upon the spatial database and enriched by domain concepts and properties specifically defined to represent the localization of objects. Some examples of the use of the methodology in the urban domain are presented. 相似文献
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本文利用地理信息系统的空间数据管理、空间分析和操作能力,在MapInfo平台上进行二次开发,建立了功能完备的城市排水管网管理信息系统。该系统可对排水管网的图形数据和属性数据进行高效的统一管理,可进行专业化的双向查询和多种方式的报表统计,具有符合专业要求的报表输出和绘图输出能力。在此基础上,结合地理信息系统技术的DEM模型和地形三维可视化技术,可为城市防洪和管网设计提供科学的依据。 相似文献
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面向地理环境主体GIS初探 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
依据人地关系理论，提出发展面向地理环境主体的GIS理念。面向地理环境主体的GIS，主要研究在相关地理生态与社会经济环境中关于主体时空分布、社会经济活动行为时空特征与规律的表达、计算、模拟与分析。探讨了面向地理环境主体GIS的主要特征，以及智能体建模、时空行为数据模型与可视化表现方法。 相似文献
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Johannes F. Kruiger Vedran Kasalica Rogier Meerlo Anna‐Lena Lamprecht Enkhbold Nyamsuren Simon Scheider 《Transactions in GIS》2021,25(1):424-449
Loose programming enables analysts to program with concepts instead of procedural code. Data transformations are left underspecified, leaving out procedural details and exploiting knowledge about the applicability of functions to data types. To synthesize workflows of high quality for a geo‐analytical task, the semantic type system needs to reflect knowledge of geographic information systems (GIS) at a level that is deep enough to capture geo‐analytical concepts and intentions, yet shallow enough to generalize over GIS implementations. Recently, core concepts of spatial information and related geo‐analytical concepts were proposed as a way to add the required abstraction level to current geodata models. The core concept data types (CCD) ontology is a semantic type system that can be used to constrain GIS functions for workflow synthesis. However, to date, it is unknown what gain in precision and workflow quality can be expected. In this article we synthesize workflows by annotating GIS tools with these types, specifying a range of common analytical tasks taken from an urban livability scenario. We measure the quality of automatically synthesized workflows against a benchmark generated from common data types. Results show that CCD concepts significantly improve the precision of workflow synthesis. 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):140-153
A hybrid system that integrates two-dimensional (2D) GIS and three-dimensional (3D) visualization has been developed to provide unique solutions to application domains where traditional 2D GIS and 3D visualization cannot alone provide a solution. In this paper, we focus on three key issues in realizing such an integrated system, including large-scale terrain rendering, 2D and 3D combination display (for example, rendering 2D GIS layers in 3D space), expanding traditional 2D GIS analysis functions into a 3D environment, and visualizing 3D geographical data. A generic framework is developed to integrate 3D visualization with various types of 2D GIS, such as commercial GIS software, open source GIS software and spatial databases. A prototype 2D and 3D hybrid system that seamlessly integrates 2D GIS (developed with ArcEngine) and 3D rendering engine (developed with DirectX) is then developed based on the framework. In this hybrid system, 2D and 3D data are viewed within the same scene. Multiple 2D GIS layers are overlaid on the base terrain using a Level of Detail (LOD) model. Advanced query functions, data accessing, data management and spatial analysis, which are executed in the traditional 2D GIS, are provided to users in a 3D environment by continuously transforming information between the 2D GIS subsystem and the 3D subsystem. The 3D data are organized and displayed by Keyhole Markup Language (KML) and textured 3D models in the COLLAborative Design Activity (COLLADA) format. The prototype demonstrates that this hybrid system has effectively addressed the three key issues identified above and that it can seamlessly integrate 2D GIS and 3D visualization. The hybrid system has great potential to be employed in many application domains, such as urban planning, landscape design and environmental decision making, among others, to enhance the 3D design capability and facilitate public participation in the planning, design and decision-making process. 相似文献
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实时GIS时空数据模型 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为满足动态目标与传感器等实时观测数据获取、存储、管理、分析与可视化的要求,需要发展一种新型地理信息系统—实时GIS。本文根据实时GIS中各种地理要素的特点以及存贮管理要求,提出了一种面向动态地理对象与动态过程模拟的实时GIS时空数据模型,它将时空过程、地理对象、事件、事件类型、状态、观测等相关要素整合在一个时空数据模型中。基于该模型研发了新一代实时GIS,并以四种动态地理对象（包括移动对象、原位传感器对象、视频对象和过程模拟对象）的时空数据的实时接入、存储与可视化为例,验证的模型的可行性。 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(4):315-318
Development of a temporal geographic information system (GIS) and spatio-temporal data modeling are key to incorporating time into geographic information science. This paper describes how to design and develop temporal GIS that will work with spatio-temporal data represented in various data models, and it introduces a prototype temporal GIS with a case study. In temporal GIS, the integration of multiple spatio-temporal representations is based on common spatial and temporal reference systems. In other words, a map window of temporal GIS visualizes spatio-temporal data valid at the same time within one spatial area. To achieve such visualization, separate data editing and query modules are required for each spatio-temporal data model (STDM). In the temporal query interface, after a user specifies a time, the system automatically hires correspondent modules to retrieve spatio-temporal data valid at that time. Besides temporal queries common to all STDMs, each module may provide additional temporal query capabilities specific to that STDM. In the case study, I implement a prototype temporal GIS for three STDMs. The examples of query and visualization, which use three datasets (census data, land use/land cover, and elevation data) demonstrate the prototype temporal GIS can integrate multiple temporal representations. 相似文献
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A number of approaches for integrating GIS and qualitative research have emerged in recent years, as part of a resurgence of interest in mixed methods research in geography. These efforts to integrate qualitative data and qualitative analysis techniques complement a longstanding focus in GIScience upon ways of handling qualitative forms of spatial data and reasoning in digital environments, and extend engagements with 'the qualitative' in GIScience to include discussions of research methodologies. This article contributes to these emerging qualitative GIS methodologies by describing the structures and functions of 'computer-aided qualitative GIS' (CAQ-GIS), an approach for storing and analyzing qualitative, quantitative, and geovisual data in both GIS and computer aided data analysis software. CAQ-GIS uses modified structures from conventional desktop GIS to support storage of qualitative data and analytical codes, together with a parallel coding and analysis process carried out with GIS and a computer-aided data analysis software package. The inductive mixed methods analysis potential of CAQ-GIS is demonstrated with examples from research on children's urban geographies. 相似文献
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采用GIS空间信息可视化技术与科学的项目管理理论相结合的研究方法,并应用地理信息可视化技术、WebGIS技术和三层架构技术,针对大型企业级GIS项目管理信息系统建设进行了研究,开发出了基于GIS的项目管理系统。实现了对企业级地理信息等领域的项目信息化整体管理,这些管理包括市场信息管理、合同管理、财务管理、人力资源管理和设备管理等。论文着重分析了位置查询和可视化表达的实现过程,为企业高效管理、正确决策提供了一定支撑。 相似文献
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RS与GIS一体化数据结构的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
详细阐述了RS与GIS一体化的概念 ,通过对RS与GIS一体化方面的研究与分析 ,进一步明确RS与GIS一体化对空间数据存储结构的要求 ,着重探讨了几种典型的用于RS与GIS一体化的数据结构 ,针对现有数据结构存在的问题与不足 ,提出了一种具有普遍适用价值的基于语义网络的空间数据存储结构 ,并给出一个应用实例 相似文献