共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Anastasia Petrenko Anton Sizo Winchel Qian A. Dylan Knowles Amin Tavassolian Kevin Stanley Scott Bell 《Transactions in GIS》2014,18(3):351-369
The popularization of tracking devices, such as GPS, accelerometers and smartphones, have made it possible to detect, record, and analyze new patterns of human movement and behavior. However, employing GPS alone for indoor localization is not always possible due to the system's inability to determine location inside buildings or in places of signal occlusion. In this context, the application of local wireless networks for determining position is a promising alternative solution, although they still suffer from a number of limitations due to energy and IT‐resources. Our research outlines the potential for employing indoor wireless network positioning and sensor‐based systems to improve the collection of tracking data indoors. By applying various methods of GIScience we developed a methodology that can be applicable for diverse human indoor mobility analysis. To show the advantage of the proposed method, we present the result of an experiment that included mobility analysis of 37 participants. We tracked their movements on a university campus over the course of 41 days and demonstrated that their movement behavior can be successfully studied with our proposed method. 相似文献
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Catia Real Ehrlich 《地球空间信息科学学报》2019,22(2):73-88
ABSTRACTThe localization of persons or objects usually refers to a position determined in a spatial reference system. Outdoors, this is usually accomplished with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). However, the automatic positioning of people in GNSS-free environments, especially inside of buildings (indoors) poses a huge challenge. Indoors, satellite signals are attenuated, shielded or reflected by building components (e.g. walls or ceilings). For selected applications, the automatic indoor positioning is possible based on different technologies (e.g. WiFi, RFID, or UWB). However, a standard solution is still not available. Many indoor positioning systems are only suitable for specific applications or are deployed under certain conditions, e.g. additional infrastructures or sensor technologies. Smartphones, as popular cost-effective multi-sensor systems, is a promising indoor localization platform for the mass-market and is increasingly coming into focus. Today’s devices are equipped with a variety of sensors that can be used for indoor positioning. In this contribution, an approach to smartphone-based pedestrian indoor localization is presented. The novelty of this approach refers to a holistic, real-time pedestrian localization inside of buildings based on multi-sensor smartphones and easy-to-install local positioning systems. For this purpose, the barometric altitude is estimated in order to derive the floor on which the user is located. The 2D position is determined subsequently using the principle of pedestrian dead reckoning based on user's movements extracted from the smartphone sensors. In order to minimize the strong error accumulation in the localization caused by various sensor errors, additional information is integrated into the position estimation. The building model is used to identify permissible (e.g. rooms, passageways) and impermissible (e.g. walls) building areas for the pedestrian. Several technologies contributing to higher precision and robustness are also included. For the fusion of different linear and non-linear data, an advanced algorithm based on the Sequential Monte Carlo method is presented. 相似文献
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A Sensor Web registry acts as a broker in a service‐oriented environment to publish and discover Sensor Web resources (e.g. sensors, sensor services, observations, and alerts). The Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW) developed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) defines a standard interface and protocol for publishing and discovering geospatial resources. This article adopts the CSW for the development of a Sensor Web registry. Metadata for Sensor Web resources are registered into the catalogue information model – the ebXML Registry Information Model (ebRIM). In the Sensor Web environment, sensor observations can be available in real‐time or near‐real‐time, and thus metadata registered in CSW need to be updated frequently. This article proposes an incremental harvesting approach, which can harvest the updated metadata efficiently. A prototypical implementation is provided to demonstrate the applicability of the approach. 相似文献
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A. Zerger R.A. Viscarra Rossel D.L. Swain T. Wark R.N. Handcock V.A.J. Doerr G.J. Bishop-Hurley E.D. Doerr P.G. Gibbons C. Lobsey 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010
Environmental sensor networks (ESNs) provide new opportunities for improving our understanding of the environment. In contrast to remote sensing technologies where measurements are made from large distances (e.g. satellite imagery, aerial photography, airborne radiometric surveys), ESNs focus on measurements that are made in close proximity to the target environmental phenomenon. Sensors can be used to collect a much larger number of measurements, which are quantitative and repeatable. They can also be deployed in locations that may otherwise be difficult to visit regularly. Sensors that are commonly used in the environmental sciences include ground-based multispectral vegetation sensors, soil moisture sensors, GPS tracking and bioacoustics for tracking movement in wild and domesticated animals. Sensors may also be coupled with wireless networks to more effectively capture, synthesise and transmit data to decision-makers. The climate and weather monitoring domains provide useful examples of how ESNs can provide real-time monitoring of environmental change (e.g. temperature, rainfall, sea-surface temperature) to many users. The objective of this review is to examine state-of-the-art use of ESNs for three environmental monitoring domains: (a) terrestrial vegetation, (b) animal movement and diversity, and (c) soil. Climate and aquatic monitoring sensor applications are so extensive that they are beyond the scope of this review. In each of the three application domains (vegetation, animals and soils) we review the technologies, the attributes that they sense and briefly examine the technical limitations. We conclude with a discussion of future directions. 相似文献
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Navigation applications and location-based services are now becoming standard features in smart phones. However, locating
a mobile user anytime anywhere is still a challenging task, especially in GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) degraded
and denied environments, such as urban canyons and indoor environments. To approach a seamless indoor/outdoor positioning
solution, Micro-Electro-Mechanical System sensors such as accelerometers, digital compasses, gyros and pressure sensors are
being adopted as augmentation technologies for a GNSS receiver. However, the GNSS degraded and denied environments are typically
contaminated with significant sources of error, which disturb the measurements of these sensors. We introduce a new sensor,
the electromyography (EMG) sensor, for stride detection and stride length estimation and apply these measurements, together
with a digital compass, to a simple pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) solution. Unlike the accelerometer, which senses the earth
gravity field and the kinematic acceleration of the sensor, the EMG sensor senses action potentials generated by the muscle
contractions of the human body. The EMG signal is independent of the ambient environment and its disturbance sources. Therefore,
it is a good alternative sensor for stride detection and stride length estimation. For evaluating the performance of the EMG
sensor, we carried out several field tests at a sports field and along a pedestrian path. The test results demonstrated that
the accuracy of stride detection was better than 99.5%, the errors of the EMG-derived travelled distances were less than 1.5%,
and the performance of the corresponding PDR solutions was comparable to that of the global positioning system solutions. 相似文献
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基于智能手机的室内定位技术的发展现状和挑战 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
室内定位是未来人工智能的核心技术之一,对即将到来的人工智能时代起着举足轻重的作用。开发有效的室内定位新技术是工业界和学术界的研究热点,如谷歌研发的室内视觉定位服务技术、苹果致力推动的基于低功耗蓝牙的iBeacon室内定位技术以及百度携手芬兰IndoorAtlas公司推出的基于磁场匹配的室内定位方案等。然而,受室内复杂环境以及空间布局、拓扑易变等影响,实现准确、可靠、实时的室内定位,满足各类定位需求仍有很大的挑战性。目前,随着智能手机的普及和微机电系统技术的发展,智能手机内置多种传感器和支持丰富的射频信号,可提供不同的定位源。本文从智能手机的内置传感器和射频信号两个方面,综述了现有基于智能手机的室内定位技术,指出各种定位技术的优缺点和应用场景,分析室内定位的发展现状和存在难点,对室内定位技术未来的发展方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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An empirical study was performed assessing the accuracy of land use change detection when using satellite image data acquired ten years apart by sensors with differing spatial resolutions. Landsat/Multi‐spectral Scanner (MSS) with Landsat/Thematic Mapper (TM) or SPOT/High Resolution Visible (HRV) multi‐spectral (XS) data were used as a multi‐data pair for detecting land use change. The primary objectives of the study were to: (1) compare standard change detection methods (e.g. multi‐date ratioing and principal components analysis) applied to image data of varying spatial resolution; (2) assess whether to transform the raster grid of the higher resolution image data to that of the lower resolution raster grid or vice‐versa in the registration process: and (3) determine if Landsat/TM or SPOT/ HRV(XS) data provides more accurate detection of land use changes when registered to historical Landsat/MSS data. Ratioing multi‐sensor, multi‐date satellite image data produced higher change detection accuracies than did principal components analysis and is useful as a land use change enhancement technique. Ratioing red and near infrared bands of a Landsat/MSS‐SPOT/HRV(XS) multi‐date pair produced substantially higher change detection accuracies (～10%) than ratioing similar bands of a Landsat/MSS ‐ Landsat/TM multi‐data pair. Using a higher‐resolution raster grid of 20 meters when registering Landsat/MSS and SPOTZHRV(XS) images produced a slightly higher change detection accuracy than when both images were registered to an 80 meter raster grid. Applying a “majority”; moving window filter whose size approximated a minimum mapping unit of 1 hectare increased change detection accuracies by 1–3% and reduced commission errors by 10–25%. 相似文献
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The Huff model has been widely used in location‐based business analysis to delineate a trade area containing a store’s potential customers. Calibrating the Huff model and its extensions requires empirical location visit data. Many studies rely on labor‐intensive surveys. With the increasing availability of mobile devices, users in location‐based platforms share rich multimedia information about their locations at a fine spatio‐temporal resolution, which offers opportunities for business intelligence. In this research, we present a time‐aware dynamic Huff model (T‐Huff) for location‐based market share analysis and calibrate this model using large‐scale store visit patterns based on mobile phone location data across the 10 most populated US cities. By comparing the hourly visit patterns of two types of stores, we demonstrate that the calibrated T‐Huff model is more accurate than the original Huff model in predicting the market share of different types of business (e.g., supermarkets versus department stores) over time. We also identify the regional variability where people in large metropolitan areas with a well‐developed transit system show less sensitivity to long‐distance visits. In addition, several socioeconomic and demographic factors (e.g., median household income) that potentially affect people’s visit decisions are examined and summarized. 相似文献
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Krzysztof Janowicz 《Transactions in GIS》2012,16(3):351-374
Big Data, Linked Data, Smart Dust, Digital Earth, and e‐Science are just some of the names for research trends that surfaced over the last years. While all of them address different visions and needs, they share a common theme: How do we manage massive amounts of heterogeneous data, derive knowledge out of them instead of drowning in information, and how do we make our findings reproducible and reusable by others? In a network of knowledge, topics span across scientific disciplines and the idea of domain ontologies as common agreements seems like an illusion. In this work, we argue that these trends require a radical paradigm shift in ontology engineering away from a small number of authoritative, global ontologies developed top‐down, to a high number of local ontologies that are driven by application needs and developed bottom‐up out of observation data. Similarly as the early Web was replaced by a social Web in which volunteers produce data instead of purely consuming it, the next generation of knowledge infrastructures has to enable users to become knowledge engineers themselves. Surprisingly, existing ontology engineering frameworks are not well suited for this new perspective. Hence, we propose an observation‐driven ontology engineering framework, show how its layers can be realized using specific methodologies, and relate the framework to existing work on geo‐ontologies. 相似文献
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This article describes research carried out in the area of mobile spatial interaction (MSI) and the development of a 3D mobile version of a 2D web‐based directional query processor. The TellMe application integrates location (from GPS, GSM, WiFi) and orientation (from magnetometer/accelerometer) sensor technologies into an enhanced spatial query processing module capable of exploiting a mobile device's position and orientation for querying real‐world spatial datasets. This article outlines our technique for combining these technologies and the architecture needed to deploy them on a sensor enabled smartphone (i.e. Nokia Navigator 6210). With all these sensor technologies now available on off‐the‐shelf devices, it is possible to employ a mobile query system that can work effectively in any environment using location and orientation as primary parameters for directional queries. Novel approaches for determining a user's visible query space in three dimensions based on their line‐of‐sight (ego‐visibility) are investigated to provide for “hidden query removal” functionality. This article presents demonstrable results of a mobile application that is location, direction, and orientation aware, and that retrieves database objects and attributes (e.g. buildings, points‐of‐interest, etc.) by simply pointing, or “looking”, at them with a mobile phone. 相似文献
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Mobile in‐situ sensor platforms such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles can be used in environmental monitoring. In time‐critical monitoring scenarios as for example in emergency response, and in the exploration of highly dynamic phenomena, obtaining the relevant data with one or few mobile sensors is challenging. It requires an intelligent sampling strategy that integrates prior information and adapts to the dynamics of the observed phenomenon, based on the collected sensor data. Available information about the observed phenomenon may be incomplete or imprecise and therefore insufficient for quantitative modeling. We address this problem by reasoning about the plume movement and size on a qualitative level and present an algorithm for tracking a dynamic plume that integrates this qualitative information with the collected sensor data. We evaluate our algorithm using simulated data sets of three different moving and expanding gas plumes. By means of simulations we show that the qualitative methods can be used to infer new information about the properties of a moving plume and to adapt the sensor movement for tracking the plume. Both can be done with low computational effort, without absolute positioning capability of the sensor, and with less input information than required by quantitative approaches. 相似文献
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HJ-1A CCD与TM数据及其估算草地LAI和鲜生物量效果比较分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于地面实测和PROSAIL模型模拟数据,研究了新型传感器HJ-1ACCD与TM数据一致性问题,分析了传感器天顶角和光谱相应函数差异的影响,对比两种传感器数据估算草地LAI和鲜生物量的效果,得出以下结论:(1)HJ-1ACCD和TM反射率数据的拟合系数R2在0.7322和0.9205左右,在反射率较小时,两种传感器数据一致性较好;随着反射率增大,HJ-1ACCD数值逐渐高于TM。总体而言,在可见光和近红外波段,两种传感器较为接近,其中红波段最接近。(2)两种传感器的NDVI数据一致性非常高,且受传感器天顶角和光谱响应函数影响作用较小(相对误差约为0.34%—0.53%),而反射率的相对差别在3.34%—9.54%。(3)传感器天顶角较光谱响应函数对反射率影响更大。(4)基于HJ-1ACCD反射率数据估算草地LAI和鲜生物量效果较好,其中以CCD2传感器估算效果最好。 相似文献
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The remote sensing objectives of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program are reviewed with attention to the fields of oceanology, hydrology, geology, forestry, and agriculture. Ground and space systems which can be used in implementing the program are outlined, with particular emphasis on their relative cost effectiveness and on the optimal combination of sensors for remote sensing satellite payloads. The correspondence between user requirements and sensor capabilities is evaluated for several existing remote sensing systems. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya AN SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1989, No. 1, pp. 20–27. 相似文献
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A fuzzy logic map matching for wheelchair navigation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Global Positioning System (GPS) plays a central role in solving the location-based needs of wheelchair users and efficient route guidance. An essential process in wheelchair navigation is matching the position obtained from GPS or other sensors on a sidewalk network. This process of map matching in turn assists in making decisions under uncertainty. However, GPS-based wheelchair navigation systems have difficulties in tracking wheelchairs in urban areas due to poor satellite availability. To overcome this, a fuzzy logic-based algorithm is applied to effectively perform matching wheelchair movements on sidewalks. Fuzzy logic, based on fuzzy reasoning concepts, in many circumstances can take noisy and imprecise input to yield numerically accurate output. Experiments on a university campus validate it practicable. 相似文献
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The determination of the local gravity field from sensors mounted in a fixed wing aircraft has long been a dream of geodesists
and geophysicists. The progress in sensor technology during the last decade has brought its realization within reach and recent
tests indicate that results at the level of a fewmGal are possible. To assess different sensor configurations and their effect on the resolution of the gravity field spectrum,
a state model for motion in the gravity field of the earth is formulated. The resulting set of differential equations can
accommodate first and second order gravity gradients, specific force, kinematic acceleration, vehicle velocity and position
as input. It offers therefore a rather general framework for gravity field determination from a variety of kinematic sensors,
such as gravity meters, gravity gradiometers, inertial systems, differentialGPS, laser altimeters and others. The derivation of the basic kinematic model and its linearization are given in detail, while
sensor error models are discussed in a generic way. A few remarks on the modelling of gravity gradiometer measurements conclude
the paper. 相似文献
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针对多波束数据的特点,结合ArcGIS建立数据库的优势,提出了基于ArcGIS来构建多波束声纳数据库的方法。介绍了多波束数据野外采集、内室数据处理流程,测深数据、网格化数据及回波强度数据特点。以多波束实测数据为例建立数据库,满足了用户对多波束数据的多样化查询,实现了多波束数据的科学化、标准化管理。 相似文献
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高分辨率遥感影像中的土地利用分类研究——以西南大学为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大学校园是城市用地中的一个特殊群体,作为公共设施用地的一个重要部分,在城市土地利用日益紧张的条件下,对其进行土地利用分类研究有着重要的意义.本研究以西南大学为例,将最大似然监督分类法和决策树分类法相结合对其进行分类研究.研究表明:1)最大似然监督分类法和决策树法相结合对西南大学土地利用进行分类,取得了较好的效果,总分类精度达到了91.51%,Kappa系数达到了0.8831;2)分析出西南大学建筑分布特点:①校园内部建筑物趋于密集布局,提高了土地利用效率;②校园建筑物高层化,提高了建筑容积率. 相似文献